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QUEEN ELIZABETH
AND
HER TIMES,
A SERIES OF ORIGINAL LETTERS,
SELECTED FROM THE INEDITED
PRIVATE CORRESPONDENCE
LORD TREASURER BURGHLEY, THE EARL OF LEICESTER,
THE SECRETARIES WALSINGHAM AND SMITH,
SIR CHRISTOPHER HATTON,
AND
MOST OF THE DISTINGUISHED PERSONS OF THE PERIOD.
EDITED BY
THOMAS WRIGHT, M. A. F. S. A. &c.
OF TRINITY COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE,
IN TWO VOLUMES. . A I
VOL. IL t \X I ^
LONDON :
HENRY COLBURN, PUBLISHER,
GREAT MARLBOROUGH STREET.
1838.
350
LONDON:
PRINTED BV IBOTSOV AND PAI.MKK,
SAVOV STREET.
CONTENTS
OF THE SECOND VOLUME.
Page
1 Sir Thomas Smith to Lord Burghle j
(MS. Harl.6991,62)
2 Dr. Wilson to Lord Burghley
(MS. Harl. 6991,59)
3 Archbishop of Canterbury to Lord Burghley
(MS. Lans. 19, 65)
4 Bishop of London to Lord Burghley
(MS. Lans. 20,61)
5 Earl of Leicester to Lord Burghley
(MS. Lans. 20, 49)
6 Earl of Leicester to Lord Burghley
(MS. Harl. 6992, 6)
7 — to Sir Henry Killigrew
(MS. Cotton. Calig. c. v, 31)
8 John Selby to Sir Francis Walsingham
(Calig. c. V, 31 b.)
9 Sir Francis Walsingham to Lord Burghley
(MS. Harl. 6992, 8)
10 Recorder Fletewoodto Lord Burghley
(M. Lans. 20, 8)
11 Lord Hunsdon to Lord Burghley
(MS. Cotton. Calig. c. v, 37)
12 Stukeley to Mistress Julian
(MS. Lans. 20, 44)
13 Sir Nicholas White to Lord Burghley
(MS. Lans. 20, 40)
] 4 Sir Francis Walsingham to Lord Burghley
(MS. Harl. 6992, 14)
15 Sir Thomas Smith to Lord Burghley
(MS. Lans. 21,21)
16 The same to the same
(MS. Harl. 6992, 1)
17 Sir Francis Walsingham to Lord Burghley
(MS. Harl. 3992, 23)
Richmond,
March 6,
1575
1
Antwerp
,Feb.
14
o
^y
Feb.
18
7
London,
April
11
9
•
June
10
10
Grafton (?)
June
28
11
Kenilworth,
July
12
13
•
July
15
15
. Stafford,
. Aug
. 7
16
Bacon House, Aug
;. 8
17
Berwick,
Aug.
24
21
Rome,
, Oct.
24
24
Waterford,
, Oct.
27
35
Windsor,
Nov.
18
27
Windsor
•,Dec
. 4
29
Chanon Row, March
27,
1576 ib.
. Whitehall, A
pril, 1
2 _
31
VI
CONTENTS.
18 Sir Thomas Smith to Lord Burghley
(MS. Harl. 6992, 22)
1 9 The Regent Morton to Lord Burghley
(MS. Cotton. Calig. c. v, 67)
20 Sir Nicholas White to Lord Burghley
(MS. Lans. 21, 33)
21 Recorder Fletewood to Lord Burghley
(MS. Lans. 23, 58)
22 The same to the same
(MS. Lans. 22,51)
23 The same to the same
(MS. Lans. 23, 54)
24 Sir Edward Waterhouse to Lord Burghley
(MS. Lans. 23, 84)
25 Dr. Wilson to Lord Burghley
(MS. Cotton. Galba, c. v, 325)
26 Sir Henry Ratcliffe to the Earl of Sussex .
(MS. Harl. 6992, 33)
27 Earl of Northumberland to Lord Burghley
(MS. Lans. 24, 15)
28 Sir Henry Cheek to Lord Burghley
(MS. Lans. 23, 68)
29 Lord Abergavenny to Lord Burghley
(MS. Harl. 6992, 35)
30 Lord Burghley to the Earl of Shrewsbury
(MS. Cotton. Calig. c. v, 76, b.)
31 The Earl of Shrewsbury to his Countess
(communicated by the Rev. J. Hunter)
32 Earl of Essex to Lord Burghley
(MS. Lans. 25, 19)
33 Edmond Hogan to Queen Elizabeth
(MS. Cotton. Nero, b. xi, 297)
34 Daniel Rogers to the Earl of Leicester
(Galba. c. vi, p. 76)
35 Earl of Leicester to the Earl of Sussex
(Lans. 25, 28)
36 Recorder Fletewood to Lord Burghley
(MS. Lans. 24, 79)
37 Robert Bowes to Sir Francis Walsingham
(MS. Cotton. Calig. c. v, 79)
38 Recorder Fletewood to Lord Burghley
(MS. Lans. 24, 80)
39 The same to the same
(MS. Lans. 24,81)
40 The same to the same
(MS. Lans. 25, 75)
Chanon Row, May 2,
May 8
Dublin, Sept. 30
Nov.
The Fleet, Nov. 7
The Fleet, Nov. 9
Chartley. Nov. 15
Brussels, Dec. 3
Portsmouth, Jan. 15,
. Petworth, March 22
Florence, March 29
Comfort, April 8
May 9
Cambridge, May 1 3
Marocco, June 11
Enchusen, July 26
July 30
Bacon House, July 30
Berwick, Aug. 2
Bacon House, Sept.
Bacon House, Nov. 1 0
.Jan.
Page
1576 32
33
34
37
41
42
43
45
1577 46
48
49
51
54
ib.
55
56
57
61
62
65
66
70
1578 72
CONTENTS.
Vll
Page
4 1 Sir FrancislKnollys to Secretary Wilson . Greys, Jan. 9, 1578 74
(MS. Harl. 6992, 44)
42 Sir Francis Walsingham to Randolph . Hampton Court, Feb. 4 76
(MS. Harl. 6992, 47)
43 The same to the same . . Hampton Court, Feb. 20 ib.
(MS. Harl. 6992, 48)
44 Randolph and Bowes to the two Secretaries . Edinburgh, Feb. 28 78
(MS. Harl. 6992, 49)
45 Sir Francis Walsingham to Randolph and Bowes
(MS. Harl. 6992, 50)
46 Robert Bowes to Lord Burghley
(MS. Cotton. Calig. c. v, 89)
47 John Barker to the Earl of Leicester
(MS. Cotton. Vespas. c. vii, 371)
48 Dr. Wilson to
(MS. Cotton. Nero, b. i, p. 206)
49 Recorder Fletewood to Lord Burghley
(MS. Lans. 26, 67)
50 W. Davison to Lord Burghley
(MS. Cotton. Titus, b. ii, 415)
51 Lord Hunsdon to Lord Burghley
(MS. Cotton. Calig. c. v, 101)
52 Lord Burghley to the Earl of Shrewsbury
(Shrewsbury Papers — Lodge)
53 Sir Francis Walsingham to Sir Christopher Hatton
(From a private collection)
54 Dr. Wilson to the Earl of Leicester
(MS. Cotton. Galba, c. vi, p. 2, 102)
55 Robert Bowes to Lord Burghley
(MS. Cotton. Calig. c. V, 116)
56 Recorder Fletewood to Lord Burghley
(MS. Lans. 28, 32)
57 Sir Christopher Hatton to Lord Burghley
(MS. Lans. 28, 63)
58 Lord Burghley to Sir Christopher Hatton
(From a private collection)
59 Sir Philip Sydney to Sir Christopher Hatton
(From a private collection)
60 Earl of Leicester to Lord Burghley
(MS. Harl. 6992, 56)
61 The same to the same
(MS. Harl. 6992, 57)
62 Dr. Wilson to Lord Burghley
(MS. Harl. 6992, 59)
63 Sir Christopher Hatton to Sir Francis Walsingham
(From a private collection) Hatton House, April 26, 1580 106
The Court, March 16
79
Edinburgh, April 28
81
St. Lucar, June 10
83
The Court, June 14
85
Bacon House, July 21
86
Antwerp, Aug. 8
89
Berwick, Aug. 19 ■
91
Theobalds, Oct. 8
92
Hatton
Antwerp, Sept. 9
Richmond, Nov. 9
93
94
March 29,
1579 96
July 6
97
. Greenwich, Aug. 9
98
Holdenby, Aug. 19
99
. Aug. 28 -
100
Kenilworth, Oct. 20 -
101
Nov. 12 -
103
The Court, Dec. 3 -
105
Vlll CONTENTS.
Page
64 Dr. Wilson to Lord Burghley . St. Catherine's, May 31 1580 109
(MS. Harl. 6992, 60)
65 Lord Grey to Queen Elizabeth . . Dublin, Aug. 12 110
(MS. Cotton. Titus, b. xiii, 305)
66 Sir Francis Bacon to Lord Burghley . Gray's Inn, Sept. 16 112
(MS. Lans. 31, 14)
67 Christopher Hoddesdon to the Earl of Leicester, Antwerp, Sept. 25 114
(MS. Cotton. Galba, c. vii, 71)
68 Daniel Rogers to Dr. Wilson . Steinbergh, Oct. 1 116
(Galba, c. vii, 80)
69 Sir Nicholas Bagn all to the Earl of Leicester . Dublin, Oct. 3 119
(Titus, b. xiii, 307)
70 Sir Richard Bingham to the Earl of Leicester
(MS. Titus, b. xiii, 317) Smerwick Road, Nov. 11 120
71 Thomas Norton to Sir Christopher Hatton . London, Dec. 30 123
(From a private collection)
72 The Suit of William Simpson ..... 124
(MS. Lans. 108, 60)
73 Sir Henry Wallop to the Earl of Leicester . Dublin, Jan. 26, 1581 125
(MS. Cotton. Titus, b. xiii, 319)
74 John Brown to the Earl of Leicester . Mechlin, May 1 127
(Titus, b. vii, 90)
75 Francis Mylles to Randolph , . Whitehall, March 18 129
(MS. Lans. 31, 44)
76 Mr. Huband to William Herle . Shrewsbury, March 22 — ^— 130
(MS. Cotton. Galba, c. vii, 39)
77 J. Barrow to . . London, April 24 131
(Galba, c. vii, 121 b.)
78 George Bohun to Wilham Herle . The Court, April 25 133
Galba, c. vii, 120)
79 E. Molyneuxto — Moreton . . Shrewsbury, April 26 136
(Galba, c. vii, 128)
80 Lord Burghley to the Earl of Sussex . Nonsuch, June 137
(Titus, b. ii, 423)
81 Thomas Churchyard to Sir Christopher Hatton, Berwick, June 23 140
(From a private collection)
82 The same to the same .... July 10 142
(From a private collection)
83 Lord Burghley to Sir Christopher Hatton . . July 13 144
(From a private collection)
84 Thomas Churchyard to Sir Christopher Hatton
(From a private collection) The Marshalsea, July 20 145
85 The Bishop of Norwich to Lord Burghley . Ludham, Aug. 2 ib.
(MS. Lans. 33, 20)
86 Lord Grey to Sir Christopher Hatton . Dublin, Aug. 12 147
(From a private collection)
CONTENTS. IX
Page
87 Sir Francis Walsingham to the Earl of Sussex . Paris, Aug. 20, 1581 148
(MS. Cotton. Titus, b. ii, 421)
/ 88 Sir Walter Raleigh to the Earl of Leicester , Lismore, Aug. 25 1 4^
(MS. Harl. 6993, 3)
89 The Queen to Sir Edward Stafford . . . 150
(From a private collection)
90 Sir Francis Knollys to Burghley and Leicester, London, Sept. 29 154
(MS.Lans. 33, 84)
91 The Bishop of London to Lord Burghley . Fulham, Sept. 29 154
(MS. Lans. 33, 24)
92 Christopher Hoddesdon to . Antwerp, Oct. 15 156
(MS. Cotton. Galba, c. vii, 142)
93 Sir Philip Sydney to Sir Christopher Hatton, The Court, Oct. 17 157
(From a private collection)
7 94 Sir John Hawkins to Mr. Bolland . Chatham, Oct. 20 158
^ (MS. Harl. 6993, 7)
95 Recorder Fletewood to Lord Burghley . . Oct. 21 159
(MS. Lans. 32, 39)
96 Recorder Fletewood to Sir F. Walsingham . . , 161
(MS. Lans. 32, 9)
97 Sir Philip Sydney to Sir Christopher Hatton
(From a private collection) Barnard's Castle, Nov. 13 162
98 The same to the same . . Salisbury, Dec. 18 163
(From a private collection)
99 Recorder Fletewood to Lord Burghley, Bacon House, Jan. 14, 1582 164
(MS. Lans. 34, 3)
• 100 Thomas Norton to Sir Christopher Hatton . London, Feb. 28 167
(From a private collection)
101 Recorder Fletewood to Lord Burghley . Bacon House, May 8 169
(MS. Lans. 35, 26)
102 The same to the same . . Serjeant's Inn, May 5 171
(MS. Lans. 35, 27)
103 The same to the same . . , . May 6 173^
(MS. Lans. 35, 28)
104 Roger Bodenham to Lord Burghley . Saint Lucar, June 11 174
(MS. Lans. 32, 51)
105 John Walker to the Earl of Leicester . At Sea, June 14 177
(MS. Cotton. Otho, E. viii, 133)
106 Edward Prinne to Lord Burghley . . . 179
(MS. Lans. 35, 71)
107 Sir John Norris to Queen Elizabeth , Antwei-p, Jan. 9, 1583, 180
(From a private collection)
108 The Mayor of London to Lord Burghley . London, Jan. 14 183^
(MS. Lans. 37, 4)
109 Recorder Fletewood to Lord Burghley , . Jan. 19 184
(MS. Lans. 37, 5)
CONTENTS.
Page
Edinburgh, March 4, 1583 188
Venice, March 4
Antwerp, March 6
1 1 0 W. Davison to Sir Christopher Hatton.
(From a private collection)
111 W. Parry to Lord Burghley
(MS. Lans. 37, 32)
112 Sir John Norris to the Earl of Leicester
(MS. Cotton. Galba, c. viii, 171)
113 Sir Francis Walsingham to Sir Christopher Hatton
(From a private collection) Barn-Elms, March 19
114 Robert Bowes to Sir Francis Walsingham, Edinburgh, April 12
(MS. Cotton. Calig. c. vii, 145)
115 Sir F. Walsingham to Lord Burghley
(MS. Lans. 38, 61)
116 Queen Elizabeth to Lord Burghley
(MS. Harl. 787, 66 A.)
117 W. Parry to Lord Burghley
(MS. Lans. 39, 21)
118 Sir Francis Walsingham to Lord Burghley
MS. Harl. 6993,27)
119 Recorder Fletewood to Lord Burghley
(MS. Lans. 38, 12)
120 Francis Touker to Lord Biirghley
(MS. Lans. 39, 34)
121 *Sir Francis Walsingham to Lord Burghley Barn-Elms, Aug. 6
(MS. Harl. 6993, 29)
122 * Queen Elizabeth to the King of Scots
(From a private collection.)
123 Sir William Cecil to Lord Burghley
MS. Lans. 104, 65)
124 Sir John Norris to Mr. Herle
(MS. Cotton. Galba, c. vii, 258)
125 to Mary Queen of Scots
191
193
ib.
195
The Court, April 20 200
May 8 201
Lyons, May 10 ib.
The Court, July 2 203
July 18 204
July 22 -
Nov. 6
Berwick, Feb. 24, 1584
Berwick, April 5
Berwick, April 23
Berwick, April 26
June 18
206
253
Aug. 1 254
Paris, August 26 208
Flushing, Sept. 1 3 ib.
Sept. 26 209
(Calig. c. vii, 247)
126 A Letter of News
(Galba, c. vii, 254)
127 Robert Bowes to Sir F. Walsingham
(Calig. c. vii, 275)
128 The same to the same
(Calig. c. viii. 3)
129 The same to the same
(Calig. c. viii, 12)
130 The same to the same
(Calig. c. viii, 13 b.)
131 Recorder Fletewood to Lord Burghley
(MS. Lans. 41, 13)
* These two letters were misplaced by an error in the transcript, not discovered
till it was too late to restore them to their place.
211
215
218
222
225
226
CONTENTS.
XI
^132 Sir John Hawkins to Lord Burghley
"^ (MS. Lans. 43, 11)
Deptford, JuIylO, 1584
Edinburgh, July
Aug. 24
Paris, Sept. 28
Oct. 1
Nov. 29
July 7, 1585
Aug. 2
133 W. Davison to Sir F. Walsingham
(MS. Cotton. Calig. c. viii, 701)
134 Sir F. Walsingham to Lord Hunsdon
(Calig. c. viii, m b)
135 Sir Robert Cecil to Sir F. Walsingham
(Galba, 2. vi, 252)
1 36 Recorder Fletewood to Lord Burghley
(MS. Lans. 5Q, 8)
1 37 The same to the same
(MS. Lans.^;41, 16)
138 The same to the same
(MS. Lans. 44, 38)
13i) Mr. Wotton to Sir F. Walsingham
(MS. Cotton. Calig. c. viii, 220
140 Sir Amias Poulet to Lord Burghley
(MS. Harl. 6993, 51)
141 A to G.
(MS. Cotton. Calig. c. viii, 226)
142 John Davis to Sir Francis Walsingham
(MS. Lans. 46, 21)
1 43 Lord Scrope to Sir F. Walsingham
MS. Cotton. Calig. c. viii, 259)
1 44 Sir George Carey to Lord Burghley Carisbrook Castle, Nov. 10
(Vespas. F. xii, 117)
145 Thomas Doyley to the Earl of Leicester
(Galba, c. viii, 206)
146 Lord Scrope to Sir Francis Walsingham
(Calig. c. viii, 264)
147 Thomas Doyley to the Earl of Leicester
(Galba,c. viii, 211)
148 The Earl of Leicester to Lord Burghley
(MS. Harl. 6993, 62)
1 49 Lord Willoughby to Lord Burghley
(MS. Lans. 45, 50)
150 Lord Charles Howard to the Earl of Leicester The Court, Dec. 27
(MS. Cotton. Galba, c. viii, 243)
151 Contents of Leicester's letters from Flandeis Jan. 22 — Feb. 27, 1568
(MS. Lans. 46, 59)
152 Lord Burghley to the Earl of Leicester . Greenwich, Jan. 17
(MS. Cotton. Galba, c. ix, 24)^
153 The same to the same . . Westminster, Feb. 7
(Galba, c. ix, 71)
154 Sir Robert Constable to Sir F. Walsingham . . Feb. 24
(Calig. c. viii, 293)
Tutbury, Aug. 8 —
Aug. 21 ~
Oct. 3 -
Berwick, Nov. 5 —
Calais, Nov. 12
Nov. 18
Flushing, Nov. 23
Dec. 5
Cronenburgh, Dec. 15
Page
231
234
235
237
240
243
245
252
255
259
263
ib.
265
266
269
270
271
274
275
277
281
282
283
Xll
CONTENTS.
/
155 W. Davison to the Earl of Leicester
(Galba, c. viii, 46)
156 Lord Burghley to the Earl of Leicester .
(Galba, c.ix, 115)
157 Sir Henry Wallop to the Earl of Leicester
(Titus b. xiii, 389)
158 Sir Walter Raleigh to the Earl of Leicester
(MS. Harl. 6994, 2)
159 Recorder Fletewood to Lord Burghley
(MS. Lans. 49, 1)
1 60 Cotton Mowgrave to Thomas Randolph
(MS. Harl. 6994, 6)
161 Earl of Sussex to Lord Burghley
(MS. Lans. 50, 19)
162 Lord Burghley to the Earl of Leicester
(MS. Cotton. Galba, c ix, 256)
163 Earl of Sussex to Lord Burghley .
(MS. Lans. 50, 20)
164 The same to the same
(MS. Lans. 50, 21)
1 65 Lord Burghley to the Earl of Leicester
(MS. Cotton, Galba, c. ix, 274)
166 Declaration of B. Bland
(MS. Lans. 50, 2)
167 Sir Francis Drake to Lord Burghley
(MS. Lans. 51,14)
] 68 Randolph to Archibald Douglas
(Murdin's State Papers.)
169 Lord Burghley to the Earl of Leicester
(MS. Cotton. Galba, c. ix, 374)
170 Sir Walter Mildmay to Lord Burghley
(MS. Harl. 6994, 18)
171 Recorder Fletewood to Lord Burghley
(MS. Lans. 49, 4)
] 72 Master of Gray to Archibald Douglas
(Murdin's Burghley Papers.)
173 The Mayor, &c. of Rye to Lord Cobham
(MS. Lans. 48, 70)
174 Earl of Sussex to Lord Burghley
(MS. Lans. 50, 25)
175 Lord Burghley to the Earl Leicester
(MS. Cotton. Galba, c. x, 19)
176 Matter of Gray to Archibald Douglas
(Murdin's Burghley Papers.)
177 Sir W. Stanley to the Earl of Leicester
(MS. Cotton, Galba, c. x, 71)
Feb. 28.
Greenwich, March 6
Dublin, March 15
The Court, March 29
Bacon-house,
Whitsunday
Nostill, May 1
Beare, June 4
Portsmouth, June 13
Portsmouth, June 13
Greenwich, June 20
At sea, July 26
Newcastle, Aug. 5
Burgh ley-house, Aug. 18
Althorp, Sept. 2
The Guildhall, Sept. 6
Dumf., Sept. 8
Rye, Sept. 9
Portsmouth, Sept. 10
Windsor, Sept. 15
Falkland, Sept. 29 ■
. Zutphen, Oct. 20
Pa-e
1586 284
287
289
290
291
293
ib.
295
296
298
299
302
303
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
313
315
316
CONTENTS, XIU
Page
178 Sir Francis Walsingham to Sir Edward Stafford
(Galba, E. vi, 309) Barn-Elms, Oct. 27, 1586 319
179 W. Davison to the Earl of Leicester . Richmond, Nov. 4 321
(Galba, c. ix, 41)
100 Sir F. Walsingham to the Earl of Leicester Barn-Elms, Nov. 5 323
(Titus B. vii, 65)
] 81 Lord Burghley to the Earl of Leicester Westminster, Nov. 9 324
(Galba, c. x, 40)
182 Sir Henry Widdrington to Walsingham . Berwick, Dec. 7 327
(Calig. c. ix, 452)
183 Thomas Wylkes to Queen Elizabeth . The Hague, Jan. 19, 1587 327
(MS. Harl. 6994, 26)
1 84 The Mayor of Exeter to Lord Burghley . Exeter, Feb. 3 329
(MS. Lans. 51,42)
185 The Mayor of Exeter to the Council . . Exeter, Feb 4 330
(MS. Lans. 51, 43)
1 86 Secretary Wolley to the Earl of Leicester . The Court, Feb. 332
(MS. Cotton. Calig. c. ix, 168)
187 Lord Scrope to Sir Francis Walsingham . Feb. 14 333
(Calig. c. ix, 157)
188 The same to the same . . Carlisle, Feb. '^l 334
(Calig. c. ix, 166)
189 Sir Francis Walsingham to the Earl of Leicester
(Galba, c. ix. 315) The Court, April 3 335
190 The Earl of Sussex to Lord Burghley . Portsmouth, April 27 337
(MS. Lans. 53, 42) ^
191 Sir Francis Walsingham to Lord Burghley . The Court, Mav '^3 338
(MS. Harl. 6994, 39) - '
192 The same to the same . . The Court, May "^6 33<)
(MS. Harl. 6994, 39)
193 The same to the same . . Barn-Elms, July 16 340
(MS. Harl, 6994, 42)
194 The same to the same . . Barn-Elms, July ''O 341
(MS. Harl. 6994, 46)
195 Sir Thomas Leighton to the Earl of Leicester
(MS. Cotton. Galba, D. 1, 148) Guernsey, July 21 342
196 Sir Roger Williams to the Earl of Leicester qiq
(Galba, D.x, 214)
197 The Earl of Essex to the Earl of Leicester, Theobalds, July 31 344
(Galba, D.i, 141) ^
198 W. Herle to the Earl of Leicester . Temple- Bar, Sept, 8 345
(Titus, b. vii, 57)
199 Sir Francis Walsingham to Lord Burghley, Barn-Elms, Sept. 12 346
(MS. Harl. 6994, 52) ^
200 Sir William Russell to the Earl of Leicester, Flushing, Sept 13 3J7
(MS. Cotton. Titus, B. vii, 108) '
XIV CONTENTS.
Page
201 Edward Prinne to Lord Burghley . London, Sept. 16, 1587 350
(MS. Lans. 54, 74)
202 Thomas Tuncker to William Watson . Elsinore, Oct. 13 351
(MS. Lans. 53, 10)
203 Sir Thomas Leighton to the Earl of Leicester
(MS. Cotton. Galba, D. ii, 69) Guernsey, Sept. 18 353
204 Sir F. Walsingham to the Earl of Leicester . London, Oct. 9 354
(Galba, D. 1, 46)
205 Lord Hunsdon to Queen Elizabeth . Berwick, Oct. 24 355
(Murdin's State Papers)
206 The Earl of Derby to Lord Burghley . Chanon Row, Dec. 1 356
(MS. Lans. 53, 66)
207 Lord Charles Howard to Lord Burghley . At Sea, Dec. 24 357
(MS. Harl. 6994, 55)
208 The Council to the Lieutenants of Sussex . The Court, Jan. 4, 1588, 358
(MS. Harl. 703, 52)
209 The Lord High Admiral to Lord Burghley . At Sea, Jan. 23 359
(MS. Harl. 6991, 61)
210 Letters of Privy Seal to Roger Columbell . Jan. 26 361
(MS. Add. Brit. Mus. 6702, 31)
211 Sir William Russell to the Earl of Leicester . Flushing, Feb. 8 362
(MS. Cotton. Galba, D. iii, 42)
212 Lord Willoughby to Lord Burghley . The Hague, Feb. 22 363
(MS. Harl. 6994, 62)
213 Sir William Russell to the Earl of Leicester. Flushing, Feb. 29 365
(MS. Cotton. Galba, D. iii, 54)
214 Sir Robert Cecil to Michael Hickes . Ostend, Feb. 29 366
(MS. Lans. 107, 42)
215 Earl of Huntingdon to Lord Burghley York, March 13 368
(MS. Harl. 6994, 63)
216 Lord High Admiral to Lord Burghley Hackney, April 13 369
(MS. Harl. 6994, 65)
217 Earl of Huntingdon to Lord Burghley . York, May 28 370
(MS. Lans. 57, 42)
218 Sir Edward Norris to the Earl of Leicester Ostend, June 10 371
(MS. Cotton. Galba, D.iii, 287)
219 Sir Francis Drake to Sir Francis Walsingham June 24 372
(Hardwicke Papers — from the State Paper Office)
220 Earl of Huntingdon to Lord Burghley . York, June 29 373
(MS. Harl. 6994, 66)
221 Circular from the Council to the Nobility . . 374
(MS. Lans. 57, 57)
222 Mr. Rither to Lord Burleigh . Harwood, July 1 7 376
(MS. Lans. 57, 14)
223 Sir Thomas Heneage to the Earl of Leicester
(MS. Cotton. Galba, D. iii, 221 ) The Court, July 17 378
CONTENTS.
XV
,/
/
,,224
-7225
226
227
228
22.9
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
Sir Francis Drake to Lord Henry Seymour At Sea, July 21, 1588
(Hardwick Papers)
Sir Francis Drake to Sir Francis Walsingham At Sea, July 31
( Hard wi eke Papers)
Lord Willoughby to Lady Stafford . Middleburgh, Aug. 5
(MS. Harl. 6994, 70)
Sir Francis Walsingham to the Earl of Leicester
(MS. Cotton. Galba, D. iii, 232) The Court, Aug. 6
Sir Francis Walsingham to the Lord Chancellor
(MS. Harl. 6994, 74) The Camp, Aug. 8
Sir Francis Drake to Queen Elizabeth . At Sea, Aug. 8
(Hardwicke Papers)
Sir Edward Fitton to Lord Burghley . Gawsworth, Aug, 8
(MS. HarL 6994, 72)
Sir Francis Walsingham to Lord Burghley The Camp, Aug. 8
(MS. Harl. 6994, 73)
The same to the same j V • Gravesend, Aug. 9
(MS. Harl. 6994, 75) ' ?
The same to the same . . The Camp, Aug. 9
(MS. Harl. 6994, 76)
Sir Francis Drake to Sir Francis Walsingham At Sea, Aug. 10
(Hardwicke Papers)
Earl of Leicester to the Earl of Shrewsbury The Camp, Aug. 1 5
(Shrewsbury Papers, — from Lodge)
Earl of Leicester to Lord Burghley . Wanstead, Aug. 1 8
(MS. Harl. 6994, 77)
W. Asheby to Lord Burghley . . .
(MS. Cotton. Julius, F. vi, A. 20)
Lord North to Lord Burghley . . Kirtling, Sept. 9
(MS. Lans. 57, 50)
Sir Francis Walsingham to Sir Edward Stafford
(MS. Cotton. Galba, E. vi, 379)
William Hobby to Lord Burghley
(MS. Lans. 99, 11)
Mr. David Powell to Lord Burghley
(MS. Lans. 60, 42)
Sir Thomas Bodley to the Council
(MS. Cotton. Galba, D. iv, 229)
to Lord Burghley
(MS. Lans. 61, 45)
Lord North to Lord Burghley
(MS. Lans. 60, 78)
Sir Robert Cecil to Michael Hickes
(MS. Lans. 61, 83)
James Rither to Lord Burghley
(MS. Lans. 61,69)
Richmond, Jan. 28,
The Tower, April 28
London, April 28
Berghen-op-Zoom, May 28
Portsmouth, June 25
Kirtling, July 28
Aug.
Barden, Sept. 26
1789
Page
379
380
382
384
385
ih.
386
387
ih-
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
XVI
CONTENTS.
247 Sir Anthony Thorold to Lord Burghley
(MS. Lans. 60, 33)
248 James Rither to Lord Burghley
(MS. Lans. 64, 72)
249 Sir Thomas Heneage to Lord Burghley
(MS. Harl. 6995, 37)
250 Sir Roger Williams to Lord Burghley
(MS. Harl. 6995, 50)
251 The Council to Sir Thomas Bodley
(MS. Cotton. Galba, D. viii, 126)
252 Sir Thomas Bodley to Lord Burghley
(Galba, D. viii. 125 6.)
253 Sir Robert Cecil to Michael Hickes
(MS. Lans. 68, 89)
254 Thomas Churchyard to Mrs. Penn
(MS. Lans. 68, 115)
255 Sir Robert Cecil to Michael Hickes
(MS. Lans. 107, 35)
256 Sir Robert Cecil to Mrs. Penn
(MS. Lans. 107, 58)
257 The same to the same
(MS. Lans. 107, 62)
258 Sir Francis Knollys to Lord Burghley
(MS. Lans. 66, 52)
259 Recorder Fletewood to Lord Burghley
(MS. Lans. 71, 16)
260 Sir John Burgh to Lord Burghley
(MS. Lans. 70, 27)
261 Sir Martin Frobisher to the Council
(MS. Lans. 70, 30)
' 262 Drake and W. Killigrew to Lord Burghley
(MS. Lans. 70, 31)
263 Lord Burghley to Sir Thomas Bodley
(MS. Cotton. Galba, D. ix, 334)
264 Lord Burghley to Sir Robert Cecil
(Cambridge MS. 2)
265 The same to the same
(Cambridge MS. 5)
266 The same to the same
(Cambridge MS. 10)
267 The same to the same
(Cambridge MS. 17)
268 The same to the same
(Cambridge MS. 18)
269 Earl of Huntingdon to Lord Burghley
(MS. Lans. 78, 9)
Page
. Marston, Nov. 6, 1 589
406
Harwood, Aug. 29, 1590
407
The Court, Sept. 23
409
March 27, 1591
410
Theobalds, May 17
411
The Hague, May 17
412
413
.
414
ib.
415
416
Jan. 9, 1592
417
ib.
At Sea, Aug. 17
418
Causson Bay, Sept. 4
420
ley Plymouth, Sept. 5
422
Hampton Court, Dec. 9
423
Westminster, May 21, 1593
424
May 28
426
Theobalds, Dec. 7
427
Theobalds, Dec. 7
428
Feb. 10, 1594
480
York, March 25
431
CONTENTS.
XV 11
Page
270 Lord Burghley to Sir Robert Cecil
(Cambridge MS. 24)
March 29, 1594
432
271 The same to the same
(Cambridge MS. 19)
April 25
433
272 The same to the same
(Cambridge MS. 20)
May 5
ib'
273 The same to the same
(Cambridge MS. 26)
Sept. 4
434
274 Sir Henry Maynard to Michael Hickes
(MS. Lans. 77, 15)
The Court, Sept. 14
435
275 Lord Burghley to Sir Robert Cecil
(Cambridge MS. 30)
Oct. 13
436
276 The same to the same
(Cambridge MS. 32)
Oct. 19
437
277 Sir Richard Bingham to the Council
(MS. Harl. 6996, 116)
Dublin, Nov. 4
438
278 Lord Burghley to Sir Robert Cecil
(Cambridge MS. 33)
Dec. 2
439
279 The same to the same . Burghley House, Dec. 27
(Cambridge MS. 37) '
440
280 The same to the same
(Cambridge MS. 38)
Jan. 2, 1595
441
281 The same to the same
(Cambridge MS. 42)
Feb. 17
ib.
282 The same to the same
(Cambridge MS. 43)
Theobalds, April 29 ■
442
283 The same to the same
(Cambridge MS. 44)
May 20
443
284 The same to the same
(Cambridge MS. 45)
May — ,
444
285 The same to the same
(Cambridge MS. 48)
June — ,
ib.
286 Drake and Hawkins to Lord Burghley
(MS. Harl. 6997)
Plymouth, Aug. 18
445
287 Lord Burghley to Sir Robert Cecil
(Cambridge MS. 55)
Sept. 13
446
288 Sir Henry Maynard to Michael Hickes
(MS. Lans. 77, 68)
Sept. 20
448
289 Sir John Norris to the Lord Chancellor
(MS. Harl. 6997)
Sept.-,
450
290 Lord Burghley to Sir Robert Cecil
(Cambridge MS. 58)
Oct. 7
452
291 The same to the same
(Cambridge MS. 60)
Oct. 18
ib.
292 The same to the same
(Cambridge MS. 70)
Dec. 2
453
VOL. 11.
c
^
vm CONTENTS.
Pac
293 Lord Burghley to Sir Robert Cecil . Dec. 6, 1595 454
(Cambridge MS. 65)
294 The same to the same . • Dec. 7 455
(Cambridge MS. 64)
295 The same to the same . . . Jan. 2, 1596 455
(Cambridge MS. 73)
296 The same to the same . . Jan. 26 456
(Cambridge MS. 75)
297 The same to the same . , ib.
(Cambridge MS. 78)
298 The same to the same . . . March 23 457
(Cambridge MS. 82)
299 The same to the same . . March 30 458
(Cambridge MS. 88)
300 Sir Henr3^ Maynard to Sir Robert Cecil
(Cambridge MS. 86) Burghley House, March 31 ib.
301 Lord Burghley to Sir Robert Cecil . March 31 459
(Cambridge MS. 87)
302 The same to the same . • April 4 460
(Cambridge MS. 89)
303 The same to the same . . . May 26 461
(Cambridge MS. 90)
304 Earl of Essex to Lord Burghley . Cadiz, July 1 ib.
(MS. Lans. 82, 12)
305 Lord Mayor of London to Lord Burghley London, July 25 462
(MS. Lans. 81, 30)
306 Lord Burghley to Sir Robert Cecil . July 28 463
(Cambridge MS. 98)
307 Lord Mayor of London to Lord Burghley . Sept. 26 ib.
(MS. Lans. 81, 32)
308 Lord Burghley to Sir Robert Cecil . Oct. 31 464 '
(Cambridge MS. 100)
309 The same to the same . . Nov. 14 465
(Cambridge MS. 105)
310 Anthony Bacon to Dr. Hawkins . Essex House, Nov. 26 466
(MS. Harl. 286)
311 Earl of Clanricarde to the Lord Deputy Lough Reagh, Jan. 15, 1597 ib.
(MS. Cotton. Titus, b. xiii, 488)
312 Mayor of Galway to the Lord Deputy Galway, Jan. 19 467
(Titus, b. xiii, 473)
313 Sir Richard Bingham to Sir Robert Gardiner
(Titus, b, xiii, 475) Beaumaris, Jan. 20 469
314 The same to the same . Beaumaris, Jan. 27 471
(Titus, b. xiii, 489)
315 Lord Burghley to Sir Robert Cecil . May 15 473
(Cambridge MS. Ill)
CONTENTS.
XIX
Page
316 Sir Robert Cecil to Michael Hickes
(MS. Lans. 85, 18)
July 4, .1597
474
317 Lord Burghley to Sir Robert Cecil
(Cambridge MS. 112)
Theobalds, July 4
ib.
318 The same to the same
(Cambridge MS. 113)
Theobalds, July 5
ib.
319 The same to the same
(Cambridge MS. 114)
Theobalds, July 8
475
320 Sir Robert Cecil to the Earl of Essex
(MS. Lans. 85, 19)
Greenwich, July 26
477
321 Sir Henry Maynard to Michael Hickes
(MS. Lans. 85, 22)
The Court, Aug. 2
481
322 The same to the same
(MS. Lans. 85, 23)
The Court, Aug. 10
ib.
323 The same to the same
(MS. Lans. 85, 25)
The Court, Aug. 20
482
324 Lord Burghley to Sir Robert Cecil
(Cambridge MS. 120)
Aug. 24
483
325 The same to the same
(Cambridge MS. 121)
Theobalds, Aug. 25
484
326 The same to the same
(Cambridge MS. 122)
Sept. 13,
485
327 Sir Robert Cecil to Lord Burghley
(MS. Cotton. Calig. E. ix, 462)
Dover, Feb. 16, 1598
486
328 Lord Burghley to Sir Robert Cecil
(Cambridge MS. 128)
June 9
487
329 The same to the same
(Cambridge MS. 180)
Theobalds, June 11
ib.
330 The same to the same
(Cambridge MS. 133)
July 10
488
331 Sir Robert Wroth to Michael Hickes
(MS. Lans. 87, 83)
Lucton, Sept. 9, 1600
ib.
332 The same to the same
(MS. Lans. 87, 84)
Lucton, Sept. 18
489
333 Sir Henry Danvers to Mr. Ate
(MS. Cotton. Titus, b. xii, 517)
Somerset House, 1601
490
334 John Davis to Sir Robert Cotton
(Julius, c. iii, 14)
.
493
335 William Camden to Sir Robert Cotton
(Julius, c. iii, li, b.)
March 15, 1603
494
336 Simon Thelwal to Mr. Dun
(MS. Harl. 286)
London, April 1 6
495
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CORRESPONDENCE
&c. &c.
SIR THOMAS SMITH TO LORD BURGHLEY.
Your Lordship have good cause to marvel that I have not
wrytten of any resokition for the matter of Ulster. But also
what can I wry te, when I can have none with daily attending,
for the most part three or four tymes in the day ? It maketli
me weary of my life. I see what your Lordship writeth, the
tyme passing almost irrecuperable, the advantage lost, the
charges contynuing, nothing resolved, and therefor, such
number of thinges unanswered, whereupon her Majestie's
mynisters lie still in suspense ; that realme not able to be set
in any form yet, the Deputye uncertayn how to rule, the fool-
ish and unruly encouraged to contynew ther undutifull wildnes,
in hope that they shall be, by our slacknes here, set agayn at
their unbridled liberty. I neither can get the other letters
signed, nor the letter allredy signed, which your Lordship
knoweth, pennitted to be sent away, but day by day, and
hour by hour, deferred till anon, sone, and to-morrow. Your
Lordship hath done well and friendly for my Lord Deputye,
\nd my Lord of Leicester told me that he hath written with
VOL. II. B
2 SIR VALENTINE BROWN. [mARCH,
you. But what certayntie is that to my Lord Deputye ? And
as your Lordship thynks, it is no warrant to hym to discharge,
especyally if he have any color of warrant to receive or
detayne still.
This for that matter, which indeede maketh me werie of my
life, to have no resolution, but still way ting and suspense
for that which doth so much import her Majestie's honor,
profit, and reputation. I would some other man occupied
my roome, who had more credit to get things resolved, signed,
and thyngs necessary resolved in tyme,
Yom' Lordship do well put in mynd for a successor to Sir
Valentine Browne. His books of articles and answers have
bene now agayn perused by commissioners, whereof I was
one, and be brought to a shorter summaiy. But almost all
the articles do stand in his deniall, and offer of proofe by the
captaines. The more they were sifted there, the more they
proved so : mary, if they be proved against hym, he wil be
found in muche blame. Without proofe manifestly made, it is
no reason to condempne any man ; and that in particular, not
in generall by exclamations, the proofes to be made. The
commissioners had nede to be gi'ave, wise, and of authoritie,
and to heare the particularities at Berwick. Methynks he
hath not done well, thus to signifie by his man Meen (r), as he
hath done, for my Lords and I take May-day to be the day,
and not the 25th of Marche, which is very nere.
Yoiu' Lordship seeth here Sir Jo. Foster's letter ; and I pray
your Lordship send the same letter by hym to-mon-ow, with
yom* Lordship's opinion in this matter. For my Lords wold
have hym to appeare to morow before them for this matter,
otherwise he might have tarried till Wednesday. Thus I bid
your Lordship most hartely farewell. From Richmond, the
6th of March, 1574, at night.
Your Lordshipp's allwais at commandement,
T. Smith.
i
1575.] THE NETHERLANDS.
DR. WILSON TO LORD BURGHLEY.
I do not cease to call upon the Commendator ^ forbanysh-
ment of these rebels, and especiallie synce my late coming from
Brussels, but as yet they are not gone. What his meaning is,
I do not knowe. Upon the returne of my servante, at what
tyme I truste to make my returne, there shall not wante any
solicitation for this matter, and excepte they be indeed
banished before my departure, I will plainly declare the
Queue's Majestie's discontentation, and breache of covenantes
in the enter course.
The Advocate Fiscal hath done bad offices, synce his re-
tm'ue out of Englande, declaring to the Commendator and
others, that how straytely soever our nation is used in
their demands, there is no feare or doubte of any breache,
for the Queue's Majestic and the Counsell also (say the
he), are so desirous to lyve in peace, that they will agree
to any conditions, be they never so harde, rather than they
will fall out with the Kyng, giving oute that the Queue's
Majestic is verie fearfid, with other unmannerlie speeche of
the Counsel and whole nation. He is noted here to be one
of the chiefest advancers of the levying of the tenth and
twentieth penye, and so devoted to the Duke of Alva, as no man
more, and now seeketh credit with this Commendator to the
discredit of our nation, having given lately such an answer
to certayne particular demandes that I proposed for the mer-
chauntes, as he sheweth hymselfe to be an unfytte man to deale
betwixte prynces for any accorde. And sorie I am, that he
* Don Lewis Zuniga de Requesens^ great Commendator of Castile,
who had now succeeded the Duke of Alva in the government of the
Netherlands. To conciliate Queen Elizabeth^ he ordered the English
rebels to quit Flanders^, and dissolved the seminary at Douay, during
the present year. A commendator was one who enjoyed the rents of
an abbey or other benefice. Dr. Wilson was sent over as ambassador
at the latter end of the preceding year.
B 2
4 ENGLISH REBELS IN FLANDERS. [FEB.
had SO muche of his wyl at his being in England, who was
commended to make an accorde in any wyse, howe bad so-
ever it was. This I do heare, but whether it be true or no, I
cannot tell. Of this I am well informed, that King Philippe
wyl not fall out with Englande at any hande, and hath given
commandement to the Commendator to use the best means
he can, to mayntayne amytie. Upon answer from your Ho-
nors, and my despatche here, I shall better understande the
uttermost of theCommendator's meaning. Our Englishe ma-
ryners and soldiers, to the number of almost an hundreth, were
sent of late under the conduct of Mr. Copley,* to take a shype
of warre upon the coast of Hollande, whereof one Davis was
capitayne, the same man that shoulde have suffered at Wap-
pinge heretofore; and upon the taking of the said shyppe,
they thought to have gone further, and taken others. But
their doings were discovered, and Davis armed against their
coming, with two other shippes of warre. So that our men
returned to Antwerpe agayne, without doing any thyng at all,
who, as I can perceive, would gladly be at home, they are so
evil payde, and make so little gayne here. I do send here-
with the names of all the soldiers and maryners, together with
the names of the chiefest dealers in this towne against the
welfare and quietnes of their countrie.
Surelie it were good that some one of understanding were
entertayned to advertise from hence of particularities univer-
salie and chieflie concerning England. For this I know, there
is a gTcat hope and expectation of the Scottishe Queene's en-
largement, and al practises tend that waie. No one man in
England more noted here, than your Lordship is, yea, it is
sayde by some that your Lordship onlie is the chiefest
cause of the trouble, and worketh most agaynst her.
And therfore those lewd libels be cast out agaynst you chiefly,
by which their writing they do not only meane myschief
* Who was one of the English rebels. Along with the letters. Dr. Wil-
son sent a list of English sailors, &c. in their service.
I
1575.] MARRIAGE OF THE KING OF FRANCE. 5
to your Lordship, but destruction to our most gracious so-
verayne, whose faithful and good-meaning nature is much
abused by these false craftie foxes. Surelie the Catholics'
malice is unspeakable, and if I had not by secrete meanes
understoode their deepe maliciousnes, I would never have
believed the same by any common bare reporte. God, for his
mercie, defende our soverayne from their tyrannic !
This daie I understoode that the French King shoulde
marie the daughter of the Duke of Vaudemont, whereof the
House of Guise is descended, and to-morrowe is the mariage
daye. I do know, your Lordship is not ignorant of this, and
yet because of the manner of reporting it, I thought good to
shew what is sayde. At his being at Avignon, certayne
Jesuites came unto hym, and persuaded him to leave that loose
lyfe of his, and to forsake souche dames as he brought with
hym out of Venice, otherwyse God would not prosper him.
And hereupon he, being touched, hath confessed his synnefull
lyfe to those Jesuites, with frill purpose to lyve better here-
after, and so hathe given himselfe to marie. At his going
from Avignon to Rheyms to be sacred, there was no money
to be had, and therefore one Ludovico da Diagetto, a Floren-
tyne, was enforced muche agaynst his wyl, to disburse by
waye of lone an hundred thousand frankes, or els the Kinge
coulde not have gone from Avignon to be sacred at Rheyms,
nor yet to be maried.
The Jesuites here do beare all the credit, and yesterday the
Commendator went with the Bysshoppe of Antwerpe to their
howse to see it sanctified by the sayd Bysshoppe, which
howse was bought at the charges of certayne women and
wydowes in this towne, for a greate summe of moneye ; as
another also is bought at Bridges, where our Englishe staplers
did dwel. The English catholics in this countrie do give
oute that Kynge Philippe w^yl be a meane to the Queene's
Majestic, that four Englishe Jesuites maie freelie preache in
England ; Sanders and Aleyn of Douay named for two of
6 VAKIOUS NEWS. [fEB.
them. What the other two are I know not, although I do
heare the two Heywodes named, and others.
It is certayne that the Turke is deade, and his sonne Amu-
rathes in place, a yonge man of twenty-six years of age, fierce,
cruel, martial, and a deadly ennemye to all Christendome.
He prepareth three armyes for three several places, and threat-
eneth utter destruction. To shewe hymselfe to be a very
tyrant indede, it is sayde that he hath caused fyve of his
bretheren to be putte to death.
The Flushingers are sayde to have taken ten shyppes of
Spayne, laden with wolle, and fyve shyppes laden with
fruites, wynes, and other merchandises, and all these verie
latelie.*
The fom' commissioners are gone from hence to deale with
the Countie Swafhenbrough for an accorde, if it be possible.
The Counte hath no authoritie to determyne, but to make re-
port onlie to the Emperor, and his Majestic to stryke the
stroke. Kynge Philipe doth mynde to have peace in any
wise, howsoever it be made ; requiring onlie that regard be
had to his honor in the making thereof. This Countie de-
sireth an ende of these warres most eamestlie. The Commen-
dator seeketh for monye chiefly, whereof here is great wante.
Those in Flanders have yielded to paye in fom* yeres three
myllions and six hundred thousand crownes, upon assurance
to have their privileges observed. Those of Brabante are to
meete here, the 19th. of this monthe, for then' portion; who
are the most unwilling of all others to grante any thynge,
excepte they may have their privileges, which are the greatest
and strangest that ever I have seen, read, or understoode.
And thus most hartelie I do commend me to your good
Lordship, praying God hartelie, that I may speedelie make
my retm*ne. From Antwerpe, this 14th of Febniai'ie, 1574.
Your Lordship's ever most assm'ed,
Thomas Wylson.
* Flushing was in the hands of the Protestants, enemies to the
1575.] ARCHBISHOP PARKER. 7
THE ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY* TO LORD BURGHLEY.
Sir, I am crediblie enformed that th'Erle is unquyet and
conferreth by the helpe of some of the examiners to use
the comicell of certain precisians, I feare, and purposeth to
undo me, &c. ; but I care not for hym, yet I wil reverence
hym, because her Majestic hath so placed hym, as I do all
others toward her, and if you do not provide in tyme to drill
this attempt, there will be fewe in authorytie to care greatly
for your danger, and for such others, they will provide for
themselves, and wyl learne by me in my case howe to do. I
was informed by a wise man that a conspyracye of us was pro-
posed, if the parliament had gone forward. At whom they
shote, God knoweth all. If I led with the vehement wordes
of the first statute (before I was in place) howe Archbishops
and Bishops be charged as we wold answere before God, «&c.
which wordes I have put to his consideration advisedly ; if
I set forth that religion, which T knowe in conscience is good,
and confirmed by publick authoritie ; if I do the Queue's
commandement, for which the precisians hate me; what is
meant but to go over the style, where it is lowest. Beware of
cunnying, all is not gold that glittereth. As for myself, I care
not thre poyntes, for if I shold lye in prison for doing a
poynt of justice with charitable discretion, I wil rejoice in it ;
whatsoever welthe or commodity maye stand in my office, I
desire it not for myself.
I wrote my letters to hym, and dyd for charytie move one
other of the gretest parties of them to conscience, but not in
a submyssion, (as some of the crue take it and report it,) for I
have neyther offended hym nor them, (except I was careful
for your savegard,) and he peaceably agayn wryting to me,
Spanish government, who had obtained great power on the coast, and
committed perpetual devastations on the Spanish navy.
* This is the last letter we shall have from the good and amiable
Archbishop Parker, who died on the 17th of May following, at the age
of seventy-two, and was buried in the chapel at Lambeth.
8 ARCHBISHOP PARKER. [fEB-
yet 1 understand what is purposed agaynst me, for religion's
sake, 1 take it. And do you thinke that they knowe not what
religion you be of, and what ye do therin ? In talke (as I
am informed) you be accompted the Deane of Westmynstre,
it must be of some pollecie that I neyther write nor oft come to
the court. I like not these dialogues, these treatises, these
French bokes, &c. I feele some displeasure in some that be
towardes me, as where they kepe in the King's benche an
honest olde man, a very good and modest preacher, and some
tyme my almoner, whom I have sent home to his benefice to
do good, and yet in extremyty of lawe against al conscyence
in the court of requestes condemned, and persecuted for love
of me, of such whom I specially made, and who at this daye
have the most parte of their lyving by me ; a matter picked
partly of covetousness and meere malice, and so favored,
and, but this matter is to long to write of, he hath lyne there
ever since Hollowmas in anastye prison, chargeably, and rotting
among the worst, who shal be there stil before I wil serve
their turnes. I maye not worke against precisians and pu-
ritanes, though the lawes be agaynst them, knowe one and
knowe all.
I trust her Highnes with your advise wil take good heede,
and specially for providing of such as shal governe the dio-
cesses. I like wel my neybor at Westmynstre, the Deane
there, to be at Norwich, whose sad' and sure governance in
confirmytie I knowe. I set not one halfpenny by the profile
of the diocess, for any procurations or jurisdictions, for at my
last metropolitan visitation there, I had never a penny of
them, but the visiters spoiled all ; and I spent twenty pounds
of myn owne pmse to have that diocesse wel visited, and yet
no good done, and the contrye proclaiming, and some varletts
pm'chased (as I am informed) twenty pounds yerely by their
bribing, whom some of my visiters be like used, but I knewe
not of it till all was done.
I am a foole to use this playnnes with you in writing, but
' Serious.
1575.] TROTESTANT REFUGEES. 9
though 1 have a dull heade, yet I see partly by myself and
partly by others howe the game goeth. I toye out my tyme
partly with copying of bokes, partly in devising ordinances
for scholars to helpe the mynistery, partly in genealogies, and
so forth, for I have little helpe (if ye knewe all) where I
thought to have had most, and thus tyl Almighty God cometh
I repose myself in patyence. At my house, this 18th of
Febmary. Yours in Christ,
Matthew Cant.
THE BISHOP OF LONDON* TO LORD BURGHLEY.
My honorable good Lorde, I with others of the commission
have advertised the counsell of certaine strangers of the coun-
tries of Hollande, Flanders, and Luke, which were appre-
hended on Easter dale laste. We examined them, propound-
ing these four points of religion unto them :
1. Whether that Christe tooke naturall fleshe of the sub-
stance of the Virgin Mary.
2. Whether that infants are to be baptized.
3. Whether a Christian may take uppon him the ofBce of
a magistrate, and punishe transgressors with the sworde.
4. Whether it be lawfull to sweare, and by an oathe to
beare witnes to the truthe.
All these poynts they flatly denied, and being pressed by
the authoritie of the scriptures, as well by the Frenche as
Dutche preachers alledged agaynste them, not one of them
wolde yielde therunto ; whereuppon we returned them to the
* Edwin Sandys, consecrated Bishop of Worcester, 21st Dec. 1359,
and removed to the See of London, after Grindal had quitted it for
that of York, in 1570. Many of the foreigners who sought refuge in
England from the religious persecutions which raged in their own
countries, held doctrines altogether dissonant from the Protestant
Church of England, and not content with the asylum which was given
to them, busied themselves ni spreading their own doctrines, and in
raising dangerous seditions in matters of religion.
10 PROTESTANT REFUGEES. [APRIL,
Marslialsea agayne, and now praie some order for them ; for
it will be too dangerous to suffer these errors to be spreade
abroade in this realme. If your Lordship will give me leave
to sale myne opinion, I would think it convenient, that suche
as will recant their errors in the Dutche churche openly,
and yielde themselves to be members of that churche, and to
communicate with that congregation in the worde, sacraments,
and praier, that they are to be toUerated and still remaine
in this realme ; but such as will refuse thus to do, in myne
opinion it is moste necessary that they be utterlie expelled
oute of this realme, and if they returne to lose their lives for
it. The last yeare, by order from the counsell, I committed
sixtene of the same sorte to the Lorde Maior that then was :
he put them in a shippe to banish them, but as I am informed
they sailed not over, but arryved agayne upon the parts of
Norfolke, and I thinke that some of them are now in holde
here, which were banished then. I shall praie your good
Lordship to be a meane that some speedy order may be taken
for these people. On Fridaye last, according to your Lord-
ship's order, I tendred the oathe, being well assisted bothe
by Justice Manwodde and sondry of the commission, to the
Irishe priest. First I offered the oathe as his ordinary, after-
wards by vertue of the commission, but he flatly refused it.
Justice Manwodde is presently framing a certificat for me
to offer into the Benche.
Thus praying God to graunt unto your good Lordship
health of body and soule^ I humbly take my leave. London,
11th Aprilis, 1575.
Yom* Lordship's at commandment,
Ed. London.
THE EARL OF LEICESTER TO LORD BURGHLEY.
My good Lord, I most hartely thank you for the care I
perceive you have had of my servant, by the speedy making
of the book, which I mean to present to her Majestic, and to
i
1575.] Elizabeth's recreations. 11
leave the kepiiig in or putting out of the twelve wordes to
her own best lyking and pleasure ; nevertheless howsoever it
take, I reckon myself much beholding to your Lordship, and
wyl be redy to my power to requyte it.
Her Majestic, God be thanked, is better and better since
her fyrst coming hither, and this day was once about to have
taken physick, but fynding herself very well, deferred it.
God send her no nede to take any these many yeres !
I cannot send your Lordship certen word of her remove,
neyther yet is she resolved whether to go to Yorke or no ;
her desire is gTcat that way, I perceive, and it is lyke, if she
find her health well, that she will go thither. It wyl be these
three or four days ere she wyll determyne it ; if your Lord-
ship is not thither yom'self, you shall be advertised as sone
as it shal be resolved. And so wishing your Lordship as
well as myself, with my most harty commendations to both
my good ladyes,* I wyll byd ye farewell, in great haste.
Scribbled this 10th of June.
Your Lordship's assured frend,
R. Leycester.
THE EARL OF LEICESTER TO LORD BURGHLEY.
My good Lord, the great expectation I had of your being
here before this tyme caused me to be more silent to you then
ells T had bene, but fynding your comming yet dowbtfull
(albeit I hope Kenelworth shall not mysse you) I willlett your
Lordship understand such newes as we have, which is only
and chiefely of her Majestie's good liealth,t which, God be
thanked, is as good as I have long knowen it, and for her
liking of this howse, I assure your Lordship, I think she
never came to place in her lyfe she lykes better, or commends
* Lady Burghley and Lady Oxford.
f She was now on the progress in which she made the celebrated visit
to Kenil worth. At the writing of this letter she was perhaps at Grafton.
12 Elizabeth's recreations. [june,
more. And synce lier coming liilher, as oft as weather serves,
she hathe not bene within (lores. The howse lykes her well,
and her owen lodgings specyally. She thinks her cost well
bestowed, she sayth, if it had bene five tymes as muche ; but
I Avoid her Majesty wold bestowe but half as much more, and
then I think she should have as pleasant and commodyous a
howse as any in England. I am sorry your Lordship is not
here to see it.
Even by and by her Majesty is going to the forrest to kyll
some bucks with her bowe, as she hathe done in the parke
this morning. God be thanked, she is very meny and well
disposed nowe. But at her fyrst coming, being a marvelous
hott day, at her coming hither not one drop of good drynk
for her, so well was she provyded for, notwithstanding her
oft telling of her coming hither. But we were fayne to Lon-
don with bottells, to Kenelworth, to dyvers other places,
where ale was, her owen here was such strong, as there was
no man able to drynk it, you had bene as good to have
drank Malmsey, and yet was it layd in above three days be-
fore lier Majesty came. It dyd put her very farr out of tem-
per, and almost all the company besyde too ; for none of us
all was able to drynk here or ale here. Synce, by chance,
we have found drynk for her, to her lyking ; and she is well
agayne, but 1 feared greatly two or three dayes some sycknes
to have fallen, by reason of this drinke. God be thanked,
she is now perfect well and merry, and I think uppon Thm's-
daye come se'nnight will take her jorney toward Kenelworth,
where I pray God she may lyke all things no worse then she
hath done here.
I hope the letter by your good meanes for the graunt of
her Majesty touching the concealed wards, &c.
As I have to thank yoiu* Lordship for your frendly dealing,
so wyll I no whitt be lesse thankfull then I have promised,
and therof your Lordship assure yourself, though it please
you to referr it to my consideration, it shall be even as I
oiired your Lordship at fyrst, and so shall your own dealers
1575.] THE RAID OF THE REIDSWIRE. 13
be the doers as myne. And as I know your Lordship's charges
to be as manye, and as your places requires, so wold it dyd
lye in me, or may lye in me, to help to better it, as your
Lordship shal sone fynd, when the occasion shall be offered,
that I wyll deale no lesse but more ernestly than for myself,
for so I may do, and what your Lordship shall imparte unto
me at any time for the accomplishment hereof, you shall see
how willingly and carefully I wyll deale in it. And so wish-
ing your good Lordship health and alway well to do, with
my most harty commendations, wyll byd your Lordship
farewell.
In some hast, ready to ryde, this Tuesday toward evening,
(June 28, 1575.)
Your Lordship's assured frend,
R. Leycester.
Her Majesty hath signed my other booke also, but no
yeres after death.
TO SIR H. KILLIGREW.
Sir, my Lords, by Mr. Selbye's letters of the 9th of this
present, having some cause to hope that the disorder lately
happened in the Middle Marches was not a thing prepared,
but fell out by chance uppon some untemperate speeches
that passed betwene Sir John Forster and Carmychel,*
* This disorder was the ' Raid of the Reidswire/ so famous in border
song-. On the 17th of June, 1575^ a meeting for border matters was
held at the Reidswire. about ien miles from Jedburgh, by the wardens
of the Middle Marches. Sir John Forster was the English warden.
The warden for Scotland was Sir John Carmichael, a great favourite
of the Regent Morton. In the course of the day a true bill was
found against one Farnstein, a notorious English freebooter. Forster
alleged that this man had fled from justice, and therefore that it was
not in his power to make compensation. Carmichael, thinking this
14 TROUBLES ON THE BORDERS. [jULY,
ihynkc it very convenient (imles you see great cause to the
contrary) that you proceede onwarde in your voiage to the
Regent, and at your coming there and accesse unto him, they
thinke it meete that you shold as of yom'self deale very ear-
nestly with him for the redresse of this late inconvenience
happened, and to lay before him that her Majestic cannot in
honor endure that a minister of hers of that quality that
Sir John Forster is of should be so used, nor other slayne and
taken prisoners, without revenge, unles he shall see some se-
vere punishment executed uppon the offenders. And for that
it is thought that Carmichel is one whom the Regent dearly
lovetli, and therefore, (notwithstanding he is the man that
chiefely is thought culpable of the said disorder,) would be
loathe to use that severity in punishing of him that in reason
and justice he is bound, yet they would have you persuade
him that he commit him for a tyme unto Edinboroughe
Castle, that it may appeare unto the worlde that her Majesty
is not had by them in contempt, which cannot be otherwise
conceaved unles he be punished (he being found, as it is
thought, greatly culpable). It is thought also convenient that
you move him to do execution uppon some others that shal
be discovered to have bene the mortherers of Sir George
only a pretext, uttered words of reproach which provoked Forster
to use some injurious expressions, that were retorted by the other. The
fierce borderers of Redesdale and Tynedale suddenly discharged their
arrows amongst the Scots, and a fray began, in which the Scots were
at first beaten ; but the men of Tynedale falling to plunder, and a
body of Jedburghers comhig up, the English were in the end defeated,
and Sir John Forster, James Ogle, Cuthbert Collingwood, Francis
Russell, son of the Earl of Bedford, and other border chiefs, carried off
prisoners into Scotland, where the Regent detained them at Dalkeith,
till the first heat of both parties was abated. He then dismissed
them with the greatest expressions of regard, and afterwards, to ap-
pease Elizabeth, sent Carmichael to York, where he was not long re-
tained. An admirable account of this affair is given us in the ballad
printed by Sir Walter Scott, in the " Border Minstrelsy."
1575.] THE RAID OF THE REIDSWIRE. 15
Heme,* and others of her subjects slayne at that tyme, for
that her Majesty may not endure to have her subjects slayne
and the slayers of them not punished according to such
treatyes of amy tie as have passed betwene the two crownes.
So much of their opinion they thought good to imparte unto
you, to the end you may perceive how necessary they finde
it for the saving of her Majesty's honor, and the continuing
of good amity between the two realmes, that he be earnestly
and effectually moved to see some due punishment taken of
the offenders.
Anything that you shall do to that end, though it be not in
that course that presently is set downe, they cannot but allow
of. And so T commit you to God.
From Killingworth,t the 12th of Jidy, 1575.
JOHN SELBY TO SIR FRANCIS WALSINGHAM.
Sir John Foster, Sir Frauncis Russell,! Sir Cuthbert Col-
lengwood,§ James Ogle, and Mr. Fenneck of Staunton, with
divers other gent, are carried to Dalketh unto the Regent,
whereas they do remayne, and are kept as prisoners. And
all the rest of gents, countreymen, servants, and others, for
the most part are in like case retayned, and kept by their
takers as prysoners.
And also the very same day, immediately after the quar-
rell, the Scotts rane a foray e uppon the water of Read,|| in
the Myddell Marches of England, and toke awaye to the
* Sir George Heron, of Chipchase Castle, who was slain in the fray.
t Kenilworth, where the court remained from July 9 to July 27.
X Sir Francis Russell, son of the Earl of Bedford, and son-in-law
of Sir John Forster, was warden of the East Marches. He was after-
wards killed in a similar fray in 1 585.
§ Sir Cuthbert Collingwood, of Esclington, Sheriff of Northumber-
land in the 10th and 20th of Elizabeth.
II The Reid- water, a stream which rises near the scene of the fray.
16 ELIZABETH ON A PROGRESS. [AUG.
number of llirec hundred caUayll, the which they do as yet
still delaine.
Also sithence, within these East Marches, I have taken
such ordre, that there hath bene no attempt committed uppon
neither partie.
Notwithstanding that, the best of these borders be well
willing and contented to seke revenge in respect of the death
and losse of theyr dear frends, howbeit they are and will be
obedient to obseiTe the peace, untill such tyme as the Queue
makes her pleasure be further knowen herein.
(July 15, 1575).
SIR FRANCIS WALSINGHAM TO LORD BURGHLEY.
My very good Lord, by these inclosed jestes yesterdaye
determyned on, your Lordship may perceyve howe her Ma-
jesty's determynation to go to Worcester is altered, uppon
advertisement from thence, that the towne should be vysyted
with small pockes. This alteration, as I suppose, dothe
hasten her Majestie's repaire to Dudley Castell sooner than
was determyned. Whereuppon your Lordship may take
some just cause to excuse your not coming thither.
Touching the French ambassador's repaire hither, I heare
nothing; and yet not passed foure dayes sythence I re-
ceyved a letter from him, within the which he sent me the
Governor of St. Mallo's excuse, touching the spoyles com-
mitted of her Majestie's subjects. For the matter wherin you
do stryve to confer with him, I see no reason, consydeiing
the suspicion that dayly encreaseth in the King of his
brother, that he should meane any suche matter. And the
rather I am led so to thinke, for that, as our ambassador wryt-
eth, Moveysier setteth forwarde hitherwarde the 5th of this
present.
Howe things passe in France, your Lordship shall under-
1575.] fletf:wood the recorder. 17
stande by these inclosed dyrected to yourselfe. The thicknes
wherof maketh me to thinke that the embassador hathe
wrytten as amply to your Lordship as to us, the secretaries.
I have not by this despache any particular letters wrytten
unto me contayning any matter of moment.
Touching the message my nephewe Fytzwyllyam dely-
vered unto me by mouthe from your Lordship, I have as yet
hearde nothinge of that matter, and am not lyke to heare
therof very muche, being lodged as I am far off from the
courte, and having no great dysposition to repayre thither,
but drawen by especyall occasion.
And so having nothing ells presently to imparte unto your
Lordship, I moste humbly take my leave.
At Stafforde, the 7th of Auguste, 1575.
Your Lordship's to commande,
Fra. Walsyngham.
By a messenger from the Earl of Essex, we learne that
there hathe bene a conflicte betwene him and Sarleboye,
wherein divers Scotts were slayne, and theruppon Sarleboye
desyreth to fall to composition.
WILLIAM FLETEWOOD * TO LORD BURGHLEY.
Right Honom-able and my singTilar good Lord, I receaved
your Lordship's letters of the 6th of August, upon the 7th of
the same, from Buckestones, t for the which I most humblie
* This eminent lawyer, a natural son of Richard Fletewood, descended
from the Flete woods of Penwartham, in Lancashire, was recorder of
London from 1569 to 1591. Anthony Wood says, that he was "a
learned man and a good antiquary, but of a marvelous merry and plea-
sant conceit." He often appears in this latter character in his letters,
which give us a most interesting picture of London as it was in the
days of '^ good Queen Bess." Fletew:ood died at his house in Noble
street, Aldersgate, on the 28th of February, 1594.
t Lord Burghley was on a visit to Buxton, for the benefit of the
VOL. II. C
IS MASTERLESS MEN AND ROfiUES. [aUG.
thaiike your good Lordship. The state of this cittie, my
Lord, is well, and all quiet. Upon Monday laste my Lord
Keper sat in the Starre Chamber, with my Lord of London,
Mr. Chancellor of the Duchie, the Master of the Rolles, and
Mr. Sowthecot. There were before them Mr. John Ashley,
Mr. Levetenant of the Tower, Sir Rowland Hayward, and
Sir John Ryvers, with divers other aldermen of our cittie, and
myself. And as my Lord Keper's order is to call for the
booke of misbehaviours of masteries men, rogges,^ fencers, and
such like, we had nothing to present for London, for Mr.
Justice Southecot and I had taken fine of sixe strompettes,
suche as haunt the hegge, and which had latelie been punished
at the assizes in Croyden, and two or three other lewde fel-
lowes their companions, whom we dispatched aw^aye into
their countryes. As for Westminster, the Duchie,* St.
Giles, Highe Holborne, St. Johne's streate, and Islington,
were never so well and quiet, for neither roge nor masteries
man dare once to looke into those partes.
My Lord Keper and the residue of the counsell at the
Starre Chamber have set downe in wTiting certain orders for
the reforming of sundry matters. One is for the suppressing
of the over greate number of alehouses, the which thing, upon
Wednesday last, my Lord Maior, Sir Rowland Hayward, and
myself, for the liberties of Southwark, and Mr. Justice South-
cot and myself for Lambeth towne, Lambeth marshe, the
Clinke, the Banke, Parris garden, the Over ground, Newing-
ton,Barmondesay strete, and Kentishe strete, sitting altogether,
we have put dow^n, I am certain, above two hundred alehouses,
and yet have left a sufficient number, yea, and more I feare
then my Lord Keper will wxll like of at his next coming.
water. His visits thither gave room for some of his enemies to report
that he was practising with the Queen of Scots, an accusation to which
alludes in some of his letters to the Earl of Shrewsbury.
' Rogues.
* The Duchy was the district about the Savoy, parcel of the posses-
sions of the Dukes of Lancaster.
1575.] THE PLAGUE IN LONDON. 19
This was done upon Weddensdaye and Thursdaye in the
forenoones. Upon the same Weddensdaye, the Master of the
RolleSjMr. Southcot,Mr. Deane of Westminster, Mr. Doctor
Lewes, Mr. Edward Cordell, and myself, with other friendes,
dyned at Mr. Campion's the brewer's. At after dynner Mr.
Deane and I went to Westminster, and there in the courte we
had before us all the officers of the Duchie and of Westmin-
ster, and there we have put downe nere an hundred alehouses
As for St. Giles, High Holborne, St. Johne's strete, and Is-
lyngton, Mr. Randoll and I mean this Saturdaye, at after
noone, to see reformation in like manner. Mr. Levetennant
and Mr. Fyssher deale for the east parte. I am sure they will
use great diligence in these matters. And upon Thursdaye,
the Master of the Rolles and I dyned at Lyncolnes Inne, with
Mr. Thymbleby the pleader, and Mr. Sowthcot dyned in
Flete strete, at one Mr. Walshe's, hiss one-in-lawe ; and at
Walshe's doore three dronken ruffians, being fensers, drew
theire weapons and began a fraye, and Mr. Justice appre-
hended them, and brought them to the Rolls, where the Mas-
ter, he, and T, by our warrant sent them to Newgate, where
they shall remaine untill my Lord Keper's coming.
Yesterdaye, being Fridaye, in the aftemoone, Mr. Hennage,
Mr. Wotton, Mr. Norton, and I, were with the Master of the
Rolles, occupied in passing of Mrs. Hester Pickering's joynter,
the which we have agreed of, if yom* Lordship and others of
Sir William Pickering's fryendes shall well like of it. And as
touching the Inns of Court, it so fell out that at Grey's Inne
there was no reading this vacation, because one dyed there
of the plague. At the Inner Temple there hath been a read-
ing, but by means that the plague was in the howse, the
reading, being scarce half done, is now broken up. In Lin-
colne's Inne yesterdaye, being Fridaye, at after noone, one is
dead of the plague, and the companye are nowe to be dis-
persed. In the Middle Temple, where I am, I thank God,
we have our health, and our reading contynueth. I am all-
wayes at the reading, and I have taken straight order upon
c 2
•20 A CLANDESTINE MAKRIAGE, [aUG.
paine of putting out of commons, that none of the gentlemen
of our howse or their serv^ants shall go out of the howse, ex-
cept it be by water, and not to come in anie place of daunger,
the which order is w^ell observed.
Yesterdaye, being Fridaye,betwene five and six of the clock,
I being arguing of Mr. Reader's case, and all the whole com-
pany being present, as our order is, there cometh into the
Temple churche a minister, one Tasse, a northern man, ser-
vaunt to my Lord of Warwick, a hosier and his wife dwelling
nere Cecille House, and a daughter of Sir Robert Drewrye's,
and in a secret corner of the churche the minister, without any
licence or bandes asked, w^as beginning to marrye this Tasse
and Mrs. Drewrye, and by chaunse my followe Robert Snagge
missing his man, and seking for him in the churche, by
chaunse fell upon this solempne marriage. And thereupon
he drove them all out of the churche before him, and told me
of it, and T sought out the same Tasse, and brought him be-
fore the Master of the Rolles and Mr. Hennage, and upon the
examination of the matter, it appeared Sir Roberte would not
give anything to her mariage, because she intended to marrye
against his wdll. The gentlewoman is forty yeres old, and
Tasse is twenty-sixe, and hath no lyving. Whereupon Mr.
Hennage and T, pitying the state of the poore yonge man, did
recommend him over to Mr. Drewe Drewry, who lyeth at
Hamsted, who I thinke will be good to him. Nothing in
this little comedie did more offende me, than that they said
they did choose the rather to marrye in the Temple, because
they supposed it to be a laweles churche.
I heare that Mr. Customer Smithe maketh a great mariage
this nexte w^eke, betwene his sone and the daughter and heire
of Mr. Fenex of Kent. This mariage shall be in Kent.
Gentlemen of reputation that are in London at this time, are
the Master of the Rolles, Mr. Hennage, Mr. John Asteley,
who lyeth at Pykering Howse, Mr. Thomas Wotton, Mr.
Fanshowe, Mr. Osborne, Mr. Doctor Lewes, Mr. Doctors
Yale and Amberyc, Sir Thomas Kempe, and my Ladie, Mr.
1575.] THE COURTIERS HINDER JUSTICE. 21
Levetenant, Mr. Deanes of Powles and Westm., Mr. Fyssher,
Mr. Stone] ey, and Mr, Peter ; of our Aldermen there is out of
the cittie in the countrie, Mr. Draper, Mr Boxe, and Mr. Pype.
The residue are here in London. My Ladie Russell cometh
shortelye unto Sir Thomas Chamberlen's howse, next Powles,
where she meaneth by God's grace to lye in.
My Lord, the onlie cause that this reformation taketh so
good efFecte here about London, is that when by order we have
justlye executed the lawe, or preserved the counselFs com-
mandement,we are wonte either to have a great man's letter, a
ladie's ringe, or some other token from some other suche inferior
persons, as will devise one untruthe or other to accuse us of, if
w^e preferre not their unlawfull requests ; the court is farre of;
here we are not troubled with letters, neither for the reprie of
this prisoner, nor for sparing of that fraye-maker. These secre-
torieSjChamberkepers, and solicitors in the court, procure many
letters from theire lords and ladies upon untrue suggestions, the
which letters do greatly hurte. My Lord Chiefe Justice, or
he departed from London, tooke order that Mr. Southcot shold
grauntno Habeas Corpus; by means hereof fewe or none dare
offende, wanting these backsetts. For myne own parte I have
no busines, but go as quietly e to my booke as I did the first
yeare that I came to the Temple. Thus being over bolde with
your good Lordship, with these my tedious letters, I do most
humblie commit your Honor to the tuition of Almightie God.
This 8th of August, 1575, at Bacon House.
Your good Lordship's most humble,
W. Fletewoode.
LORD HUNSDON TO LORD BURGHLEY.
My very goode Lorde, thys bearer, Mr. Bowse, coming
to her Majestic with the whole procedings of my Lord of
Huntingdon in these matters, as also with the Regent's an-
oo
TROUBLES ON THE BORDER. [aUG.
swer touching the same, so as there resteth nothyng but her
Majestie's resolution, what she wyll require or have clone for
her satisfaction and repayring of her honor in this case, I
am so bold as to trouble your Lordship with my opinion
therin, as also to advertise your Lordship of some doings
here in Skotland, which, if the Regent looke not well unto
it, and seeke to prevent it, wyll make as greate a broyle in
Skotland as hathe bene heretofore. It may be that your
Lordship is better advertysed thereof by others then I can,
yet I wyll not omyt to let ye understand what I know therof,
and as I perceive wyll follow.
Touching her Majestie's satysfaction for the kylling of her
subjects, the law of the borders, and the comyssioners' booke,
by the which we are dyrected for all border matters, is to de-
mande a quick man for a dead, to be executed for the facte,
although it hathe bene seldome putt in force, as also it ap-
peares that there are as many of the Skots slayne as of ours, but
not of suche valew, and some of theyrs slayne by some of theyr
owne, as is to be proved, and therfore, surely, unles some of
the offenders be delyvered to be executed, there wyll hai'dly
be any meting in safety hereafter.
For the taking of Sir John Forster and the rest prysoners,
her Majestic cannot but demand for Carmychell and the
Lard of Bedrowle* to be delyvered, or some others that was
then with Carmychell, to be imprisoned at her Majestie's
pleasure, but her Majestic cannot touche them in lyfe, and
for this, if any wold not have it so, your Lordship may allege
a precedent which cannot be denyed by the Skotts.
Aboute 60 yere sens there was a day of trew betwene Sir
* Sir Andrew Turnbull of Bedrule, upon Rule Water. The Turn-
bulls were the most notorious thieves on the borders; The old ballad
of the Raid of the Reidswire, describes the Laird as being very busy-
in the fray. —
" But aukl Badrculc had on a jack,
And did right weel, I you declare,
With all the Trumbills at his back."
1575.] STATE OF SCOTLAND. 23
Wyllyam HeiTon, Warden of the Middle Marche, and one
Robert Carr, Warden of Tyvydale, and upon words of con-
tention, as thys was, a base son of Sir Wyllyam Herron's slew
the Warden of Skotland, and fled, but upon complaynt therof
made by the King of the Skotts, the sayd Sir Wyllyam Her-
ron, and a neview of hys who was hys heyr, were delyvered
into Skotland, where they were kepte in Fauste Castell four-
teen yere. I do not write thys as presuming to give her Ma-
jestie any advyse herin, but to let your Lordship understand
what hath bene done in the lyke cases.
Now touching the Regent, surely in myn opynion the
matter is of grete consequence, and in some respect cannot
but touche her Majesty. The Regent's dealings in many
thyngs are greatly myslyked withall by the moste parte of the
nobylytie of his owne faction, but chiefely for one matter,
whych is, for that he hathe of late (as it is credibly re-
ported, and I thynk is very trew,) taken a secret submission
of the Lorde of Arbrothe, by delivering to the Regent hys
sworde with the hylt forwarde, the poynt in his hande, being
knowne to be the pryncipall procurer of the kylling of th'Erle
of Murrey, for the harquebuss that kyld hym was hys, the
horse the murtherer fled upon was hys, and he receivyd hym
into Hambelton, and sent hym into France, which is hardly
brooked by the rest of the Lords.
Besydes it is holden for certain, that Arbrothe shall marry
with the Lady of Bucklewhe, who is the Regent's niece, and
in howse with hym, so as it cannot be without hys consent ;
and if it do so fall out, he wyll not be long Regent, for upon
these matters and some other, the Lords were resolved to
kepe a convention at Sterling without him, and if he do not
satisfy them in these matters, I thynk veryly they wyll
do so.
And surely my Lord, if he eyther make or consent to that
marriage, eyther he must be Regent by the Queue's Majestic
only, and then she to lose the rest of the nobylytie which
24 STUKELEY AT ROME. [oCT.
are now at her devotion, or els consent with them to depose
hym, and then I know not who should be Regent to serve her
Majestie's tiirne.
Thus have T troubled your Lordship over longe with these
matters. And so referring your Lordship to thys bearer, who
can inform ye of these matters more at large, I commyt
your Lordship to the Almiglity. At Berwyk, the 24th of
August, 1575.
Your Lordship's assured to command,
HUNSDON.
STUKELEY TO MISTRESS JULIAN.*
My good Mestres Julyan, I have received your gentill
letter by thys bearer, whom I offered all curtesy for your sake.
Whereas you required me to dellyver hym three or four score
crownes for yom* use, he wold not have it, for that, as he tolde
me, he had not any occasion to use it. Trust me, whenso-
ever it shall please you to command, if it be for ten thousand
crownes, you may boldly employ me, for I wyll as wyllingly
dysburse it to pleasure you, as I wold give one poynt ; by
profe, you shall best know the desyre I have to serve you
and to give you content, whensoever it shall please you to
use me. Now I refer it to yourselfe to command me, for I am
and ever will be ready (with God's grace) to obey you, &c.
I thanke you for the two dosen of poynts which you sent
me. I receyved them as thankfullie, coming from you, as if it
had been so many dyamondes. I send you by thys bearer
halfe a dozen of pyctures wrought uppon taffy ta.
What estate 1 am in, I refer to be told you by this bearer,
which is and ever shall be to honor and to serve you. Pray
for me, as I wyll do for you. I commend me most lovingly
unto yourselfe, and us both unto God, who of hys goodnes
* Superscribed " To my very good fryiid Mestres Jully an, &.c.
1575.] IRELAND SIR NICHOLAS WHITE. 25
send us a joy full meeting. From Rome, the 24th of October,
1575.
Your's faythfully and most assuredly,
Thomas Stucley.
SIR NICHOLAS WHITE TO LORD BURGHLEY.
My singular good Lord, as the towardnes of this yong man,
my son, is muche to my comforte, so have I humbly to thank
your Honor for whose sake he hathe bene so well applied by
the Deane of Westminster and Mr. Whitegift, to whom I can
give no greater rewarde then your hoped thanks. He hathe
bestowed some tyme here with me in reading the principles
of the lawe, and is now returned to the inns of court, where I
feare he shall hardly be admytted without your Lordship's
accustomed favor, to which I commyt hym, praying God he
may be able to honor you and your house hereafter. My very
good Lord th'Erle of Essex hath taken my second son to be
brought up with the Viscount his son, chiefly for that his mo-
ther was a Deverux. My sonnes and myselfe are beholding for
good offices to this gentleman, Mr. Waterhouse, a man in
whom there are many good parts conjoyned with gTeate
sobrietie, and of me beloved chiefely for that he professeth to
love and honor you before others.
And nowe to follow my promise of advertisements to your
Honor, I will briefely touche some things of the matters of
this state, and that freely without mistrust, because I knovve to
whom I write, and have also determyned to wryte of cer-
tainties that I knowe, and in the rest to follow but myn
opinions.
And first touching th'Erle of Essex, I fynde that he hathe
brought the North of Irelande to a manifest appearance of
reformation, when the greatest there were contented to ac-
cept small portions, to yield both rent and dutie for the same,
26 THE EARL OF ESSEX. [oCT.
and 1 doubt not, with the expense of a little more tyme and
chardges, would have reduced that province to perpetuall
obedience. But what good thing can be hoped for here,
when a prince's determynation touching so great an enter-
prise in the hands of so sufficient and so honorable a subject
to perform it, shal be so suddenly revoked .? And if I might
with all humilitie say it to her Highnes, there are two things
of great moment that seme strange to us here, if they be true.
Th'one is the letting of the real me to farme, wherin so many
harts might be alienated fi-om the landlorde to the farmers ;
and the other is the casting upp of th'Erle's enterprise be-
tweene the fallowe and the sede, which will make Ulster
desperate, and all the rest doubtfull.
And truly, if she look not backe where she began, and
revive both the man and the matter, she shall puffe upp
the Irishe into incorrigible pryde, and pull downe the harts
of all good English subjects to a pei-petuall diffidence of
an}^ settled government in this realme. There cannot go
out of this lande a man with gTcater fame of honor, nor
can come in whose bountie hath deserved more. And if
that noble mynde of his, so desyrous of honor, and so care-
less of payn, were employed with the association of grave
counsell, I believe God hath ordeyned him to do greate
things. But here I leave him and the successe of all his
causes to God's holy will.
The Deputie is returaed out of the Northe, and hathe
apoynted th'Earle of Ormond to mete him at the fort in Lex,
the 7th of the next monethe, and thence dothe repayre to Corke
to kepe his Christmas. As I heare of no great thing he hath
done in the north, more then that the Irishry have heard of his
being at Cnockfargus, and might have judged th'Erle's revoca-
tion by making of his first voiadge thither, so I know not
what he hathe to do in Minister, if they contynue that quiet-
nes wherin Sir William Fitzwilliams left them. And yet I
understande the commissioners there differ in report thereof,
the Justice Dowdall affirming Desmond's conformytie, and
1575,] THE PLAGUE AT DROGHEDA. 27
the rest avowching the contrary, but for truthe how intem-
perately soever he stormes in claimmg the absolute rule of the
Geraldynes to himselfe, yet in the ende he is loathe to at-
tempt any thing contrary to lawe. And so I leave the Deputie
in his intended jomey till I fynde farther occasion to write.
Th'Erle of Essex hath bene lately bothe honorably and
lovingly entertayned by th'Erle of Ormond at Kilkenny, where
I also was, as one to whom they give good cause to honor
them, but truly I love them bothe the more for that I knowe
they love and honor you with carefull mynds for the conty-
nuance of your honorable estate. I have told Sir William
Fitz Williams myn opinion touching th'Erle of Kildare, who
deserves well to be corrected, but hardly to be cut off for any
traytorous intent against the Prince, howsoever covetousness
might move him to envy the gayn of captains here.
The towne of Drogheda is lately infected with the plague,
and the same dispersed into th'Englishe pale, which hathe
chiefly banyshed us hither to Waterford.
Thus, craving pardon for my tedious writing, I humbly
ende ; with my contynuall prayer to God for your helth and
prosperous estate. From Waterford, this 27th of October,
1575.
Your Honor's humbly and most
bounden to command during life,
N. White.
SIR FRANCIS WALSINGHAM TO LORD BURGHLEY.
It maye please your Lordship, at my returne to the courte,
I met with a messenger sent from the Erie of Essex, with
letters unto her Majestic, by the which he dyd give her Majesty
to understande, that he was arryved within this realme, and
that he greatly desyred that he might have leave to come to
see her Majesty. Wheruppon her Majesty wylled me to sig-
28 ^ ESSEX RETURNS TO ENGLAND. [nOV.
nific unto him that she was glad of his arrivall, and was
well pleased that he should repaire to the courte, with con-
dition that with over muche haste he dyd not dystemper his
bodye.
By his servaunt I learne that on Monday last he dyd
meane to set forwarde from a howse he hathe in Sowthe
Wales, not far from the place where he landed ; so that I
judge that he wyll be here within fyve or syxe days.
This daye her Majesty was given to understande that Sir
John Gylberd should advertise your Lordship of the appre-
hension of Stukeley,"^ which is not here believed, for that we
heare no confirmation thereof from your Lordship.
By Mr. Hatton I understande of your Lordship's honorable
and frendly dealing towards me, in persuading her Majesty
to have some consideration or rather compassion of my poore
estate : for the which I render unto your Lordship my most
humble thankes, thynking myselfe greatly bounde unto you
for the same.
By these inclosed occurrents out of Italye, it appeareth
that the matters of Genua are lyke to be appeased : I praye
God the forces there presently a foote, be not transported into
Fraunce, (a thing somewhat doubted by Mr. Cobham.) It
should appeare by the comfort that the Pope putteth the Car-
dynalls in, touching the troubled state of Fraunce, that there
is somewhat a brewing.
And so leaving farther to trouble your Lordship, I most
humbly take my leave. At Windesor, the 18th of November,
1575.
Youi* Lordship's to coramande,
Fra. Walsyngham.
* Probably a relative of Thomas Stukeley.
1575.] HIGHWAYMEN. 29
SIR THOMAS SMITH TO LORD BURGHLEY.
My very good Lord, this day there came an ordynary
post out of Fraunce, who brought a packet in the which these
letters to your Lordship.
I perceive the truce holdeth yet after a sorte, and I think
those that refuse to deliver the townes, do rather it pour fair e
le hon variety as the Frenche dothe terme it, and to shew
themselves not affectionate to Monsieur, but to the King,
than for any other respect.
I send also herewith to your Lordship and to my Lord
Keeper, a letter which the Queue's Majestic willed this day
my Lords to write unto you, for the redres of this common
riding with pistoles, wlierby theves now do more boldly rob
true men ; and of the common rowtes nowadays of roging
beggars by the highway side, naming themselves souldiers of
Ireland lately discharged. Her Maiestie shewed me, that some
of them hath said, they be of the company of fiftene hun-
dred which are fayne so now to go on begging.
It is honorable and almost necessary, that some good order
were taken for these two disorders. Thus I commit your
Lordship to Almighty God. From Wyndesor, the 4th of
December, at night, 1575.
Your Lordship's allwais at commandement,
T. Smith.
SIR THOMAS SMITH TO LORD BURGHLEY.
My very good Lord, yesternight upon occasion the Queue's
Majesty spake unto me of Ireland, as misliking th' enterprise
of Ulster, for default of them who should execute it, axing
what men of counsell or wisedom there were, into whose
hands there should be committed so great a masse of money,
and so great a charge.
I answered her Highnes, the counsell what and how to do
30 ESSEX AGAIN IN IRELAND. [MARCH,
was allready taken, a plat laid downc by my Lord of Essex,
allowed of the Deputie and counsell there, and well liked of
my Lords here, as her Highnes hath at large heard of my
Lords and all their reasons.
So that where it is said, prinsqiiam incipias consulto, that
hath bene maturely and deliberately done, to the which her
Highnes, by letter to my Lord Deputy and my Lord of Essex,
hath given her consent. Now resteth there nothing, but
nhi consulueris mature, opus est facto. To the which her
Majesty hath set a good begpming, giving a warrant for the
half yere's charges. " Now," quoth I, " cownsells be com-
monly of old men, grave men, and full of experience, and at
home ; the execution is to be done by yong men, captaynes,
and souldiers abrode, as my Lord of Essex, who hath
shewed great wisdom, courage, and boldness hitherto, and
brought it to a very good pass for a begynning ; and now
having more experience, and Malby and other captains with
hym of courage, it is to be hoped that he shall bring it to a
good end." " Yea," saith her Majesty, " but whom hath he
with hym , but Malby ?^ and suche a masse of money } who
shall have the charge of it, and the laying of it forth .?" '' Ma-
dame," quoth I, " the money is to be committed to your
treasurer there, and upon his accompts to be employed upon
the captains and souldiers for their wages and victailles, and
upon fortifications. Indede the warrants must come in those
quarters from my Lord of Essex, as reason is ;t the nomber of
men for souldiers or laborers is appoynted to hym, their
wages and their vitailles likewise, what is this yere to be ex-
pended upon them, their vitailles, and fortifications. If he
do kepe his plats, then he followeth that which the wisest
heades of the counsellers in England thynketh fit and best to
be done; otherwise he deceiveth them and your Highnes,
and most of all hymself, which it is not likely that he
* The Governor of Lecale.
+ Being Governor of Ulster.
1576.] AFFAIRS OF THE NETHERLANDS. 31
should, nor, I trust, he will not do." Still her Majesty
hai-ped upon that strmg, as though she lacked there fit
ministers ; and shewed herself desirous to speake with your
Lordship, with whom, I dowte not, but when her Highnes
shall speake, I trust she will be satisfied.
This irresolution and revocation of resolutions will be the
undoing of any good actions. I pray your Lordship persuade
her Majesty no more to thynk of it, untill Michaelmas; by
which tyme I trust she shall see such success, as her Majesty
shall be giadd, and sory that it was not set upon before.
Thus I commit your Lordship to Almighty God, glad to
communicate this to your Lordship by wryting, which I wold
rather have done by speeche, if I had had good occasion.
From Chanon-Row, this Sonday, 27th Mar. 1575.
Your Lordship's allwais at commandement,
T. Smith.
SIR FRANCIS WALSINGHAM TO LORD BURGHLEY.
My very good Lord, by my man's negligence, that made up
the packet, the abstract was forgotten, which I now sonde you.
I am sorry your Lordship fyndeth yourselfe in no better
state of healthe, whereof I wyll not fayle to advertise her
Majestic.
By the inclosed your Lordship may see howe the Prince
of Orange's state groweth to declynation, whereby of neces-
sitie he shall become a preye eyther to Spaine or Fraunce.
I do not looke that Mr. Davyson* shall have any good
answer ; in his case wordes wyll not helpe. It is too pub-
lykely knowen that her Majesty meaneth not to be a dealer.
If that might have bene held in suspense, it might have
brought forthe some good effect. This daye I looke to heare
* Who had been sent ambassador to the Netherlands, to persuade
the States to peace.
32 LAST ILLNKSS OF SIR THOMAS SMITH. [MAY,
out of Flaiindcrs. And so leaving farther to trouble your
Lordship, I most humbly take my leave.
At White-Haule, the 12th of April, 1576.
Your Lordship to command.
Era. Walsyngham.
SIR THOMAS SMITH* TO LORD BURGHLEY.
My very good Lord, Mr. Williams, secretary to Sir William
Fitzwilliams, Deputie of Ireland, is very desirous, after his
service in Ireland, to have an office in England, who hathe
also bene commended to me • for the furtherance of his sute
by these two letters which I send to your Lordship.
Because I do perceive well that my sicknes is so obstinate
and so little caring for any physic, which hath hitherto bene
mynistered unto me, I can have no hope of any speedie re-
coverie, and but weake hope that I shall overcome it. The
best is, that at this tyme I do feele myselfe so weakened,
and so dried with physic all my good humors, that I trust
shortly I shall recover or see the end of it.
All the physicians which hath bene with me now with one
accord do agree, that I must leave all other and take me onely
to kitchen physic, wherin they give me leave to eate what
meate I can, and what meate soever my appetite doth desire,
and lykewise drynk, not having care to the wholesomenes or
unwholesomenes, onely to eate and drynke somewhat and what
I can. Your Lordship do perceive by this libertie in what
* We must now bid farewell to this accomplished scholar and
minister. In the earlier part of the present year he was attacked by
a disease which fixed upon his throat and tongue, and gradually gain-
ing upon him, " stopt," as Strype has it, '' that eloquent tongue of his
and that sweet and streaming rhetoric, which Avas wont to flow to
the delight and admiration of all." Soon after the writing of this
letter, he put in execution his promise of retiring to his favourite seat
in Essex, where he lingered till the 12th of August, 1577.
1576.] THE EARL OF MORTON. 33
good case I am, wherefore following their decree, I mynd
now to go straight home into Essex, where I trust eyther
to leave my sicknes, or my life ; whether pleaseth God,
that is best. But if it were in my choyce, I wold leave
both at once ; yet must I keepe life so long as I can, and not
leave the station, wherin God hath sent me, by my defaulte
and without his calling, and so mynd I to do, trusting very
shortly to have some playne signification from his Majestic
to whether haven I shall applie my ship, of death or of
health.
Blessed be his holy will, to whom I commyt your Lord-
ship, wishing your Lordship speedy and long health.
From Chanon-row, the second of May, 1576.
Your Lordship's allwais at commandement,
T. Smith.
THE REGENT OF SCOTLAND* TO LORD BURGHLEY.
I am to crave your Lordship's favor in a matter wherewith
I wold be loth to inquiet you, if otherwise I might have any
reasonable order in it. The redress of the gudes taken on
eyther side at the unhappie accident of the Reidswyre was
appointed by the order of certaine commissioners on eyther
syde that met at Fowldon in November last.
How sone the troubles in France and Flanders shall drawe
to any point, I will looke by your Lordship's good meanes
not onely to be advertised, but advised thereanent, sithence
both our states are subject to the self same enemies and
malice, &c.
Lastly, I may not omitt to give your Lordship warning
howe I smell an intention of some newe trouble by a giving
up, or defiance (as they terme it), sent be Mr. Phenick in
* James, Earl of Morton.
VOL. II. D
34 DEATH OF THE EARL OF ESSE.X. [SEPT.
Northumberland to the Rutherfurds, Scottshemen ;* a dealing
that semes to me over presumptuous for any subject, where
so good affection to continue amitie remaynes betwixt our
Soveraignes and both the states, whereanent I pray your
Lordship's further such tymous ^ order to be put, as it may
appeare ho we farre that dealing mislikes her Majestye and
your Lordship, and that the attempter may finde himself
both admonished and corrected.
(8th May, 1576 )
SIR NICHOLAS WHITE TO LORD BURGHLEY.
My deare good Lord, 1 received by my nephew your
loving letters, all written with your owne hande, which were
more comfortable to me than I can expresse.
I finde in them a rule to direct me, and a pillar whereon
to stay me, whom yourself hathe lifted up from stumbling
downe, wherof I and my posteritie shall always carry a loving
memory. I will not presume to prohibit your Honour to
write anything to the governor which you shall think good
for me ; but I suppose he hathe made choice of suche as he
thinks fittest to be acquaynted with his plott, and therefore
using me but as tanquam vocatus, am to require no more, but
his indifference, and favorable acceptation of my best advise
in the service of my Prince and countrey.
Oh ! my good Lord, here I must, among others, advertise
your Lordship of the dolefull departure of the Erie of Essex,
who ended this life to begin a better the 22d of September,
* The Fenwicks were a powerful and numerous clan, whose last
representative in the direct line was Sir John Fenwick_, executed for
high treason in the reign of William IIL The Rutherforths were a
neighbouring clan on the Scottish side of the border.
' Timely.
I
1576.] DEATH OF THE EARL OF ESSEX. 35
in the castell of Dublin.* He felt his sicknes first at Ta-
laghe, the Archbishop of Dublin's house, in his journey to-
wards Baltingias to mete th'Erle of Ormond, accompanied
with the Chancellor, the last of August.
I was muche about him in the later end of his sycknes, and
beheld suche true tokyns of nobilitie, conjoyned with a moste
Godly and virtuous mynde, to the yielding up his breathe, as
is rare to be sene. Two daies before he died he had speche
with me of your Lordship, and sayd he thought he was borne
to do you and yom's good. '' But now," sayd he, " I must
commytt the oversight of my son and all to him." He like-
wise spoke lovingly of my Lord of Sussex, with many other
things, which for perplexitie and otherwyse I omytt to write.
He doubted that he had been poisoned, by reason of the
violent evacuation which he had, and of that suspicion ac-
quitted this landjt saying, " No, not Tirrelaghe Lennaghe
himself would do no villany to his person." But upon the
opening of him, which I coulde not abyde, the Chancellor
tolde me that all his inwarde parts were sounde, saving that
his hart was somewhat consumed, and the bladder of his gall
empty.
* There seems to be little doubt that this unfortunate nobleman
died of a broken heart, caused by the delays and difficulties which
were thrown in his way, in the prosecution of his enterprise. " A very
excellent man certainly he was," says Camden, '' in whom honesty
of manners strove with nobility of birth, both which notwithstanding-
could not prevaile against envie. For after he was constrained to give
up his laudable enterprise in Ireland, he returned into England, having
much wasted his patrimonie, where, openly threatening Leicester,
whom he suspected to have done him injuries, he was by his cunning
court-trickes, who stood in fear of him, and by a peculiar mystery of
the court, to strike and overthrow men by honours, sent back again
into Ireland with the vaine title of Earle Marshall of Ireland, where,
pining away with grief and sorrow, he piously rendered his soule to
Christ, dying ofatluxe with most grievous torments."
t It was suspected by some that he had been poisoned by means of
his enemy the Earl of Leicester, who was publicly charged with this
crime in the famous libel called " Leicester's Commonwealth."
d2
36 DEATH OF THE EARL OF ESSEX. [SEPT.
Suche as toke upon them to be his phisitians, as Chaloner,
Knell, a preacher, and the deputie's phisitian, called Doctor
Trever, applied him with many glisters, and therby filled his
body full of winde, which was perceived, so as either their
ignorance, or some violent cause beyond their skill, ended
his life.
His fleshe and complexion did not decay, his memorye and
speche was so perfect, that at the last yielding up of his
breathe, he cryed, " couradge, couradge ! I am a soldier that
must fight under the banner of my Saviour Christ." And as
he prayd alwaies to be dissolved, so was he loathe to dye in his
bed, which made me to remember yom' Lordship's tale of your
father. Among others he had care of my seconde son, which
is all this while brought up with the yong nobleman his son,
without any charge to me, because his mother was a Deverox;
and required Mr. Waterhouse to move your Honoiu* that
he might still attende on his son, and be brought up with him,
wherin T refer his case to your accustomed goodnes. His
Lordship commytted to my keping the patents of his creation
and contreyes here, and made me one of his feoffees of trust.
I hope with the Deputie's favour to turne those landes to a
reasonable yere's commoditie to his son. I do sende your
Lordship here inclosed the names of suche of th'Erle's ser-
vants as were abowte him in the tyme of his sicknes, and
served him most painfully and diligently, for which respect I
think them worthy the favour of all men.
It is doubted what end the Deputie will make of this great
stun* in Conaght.* I humbly thank your Honor for your
* The sons of the Earl of Clanricarde, scarce two months after they
had been pardoned for past offences, broke suddenly out into a new
rebellion in Connaught, slew the workmen employed in rebuilding the
town of Athenry, burnt again the town, and committed other cruel de-
predations. The Lord Deputy went against them, put their father
into safe custody, and drove the rebels to their lurking holes, whence
from time to time they issued forth to repeat their depredations.
1576.] FLETEWOOD AND THE TORTUGUESE AMBASSADOR. 37
favor to Cusake of Dublin against his creditors in London.
And so having ti^oubled your Honor with my tedious letters,
I humbly ende, with my contynuall prayer to God for your
prosperitie. From St. Kathrins, besydes Dublin, this last of
September, 1576.
Your Honor's most bounden during life,
N. White.
WILLIAM FLETEWOOD TO LORD BURGHLEY.
Upon Sonday last, at sixe of the clock in the afternoone,
Mr. Sherriff Kympton and Mr. SherrifF Barnes and I, the
Recorder, did repaire unto the Charterhowse, and knocking
at the gates, no man aunswered. Mr. Sherriff Barnes by
agreement went upon the backsyde to see that no masse-
hearers shold escape, and after dyvers knockings at the gate
the porter canje, being a Portingale who did speake Englishe,
and said my Lord was not at home. " Then," quoth I, " let
us speake with you, Mr. Porter, for we have brought letters."
And the porter aunswered us very stubbornly, and at the
length he opened the gate, and I, the Recorder, put in my
left legg, meaning to enter in at the gate, and being half in
and half out, the porter knowing me very well, saide,
"backe, vilane !" and thrust the gate so sore upon my
legg, that I shall carry the grief thereof to my grave. Sithens
that time my paine hath been so great that T can take
no rest, and if Mr. Sherrif Kympton had not thruste the gate
from me, my legg had been utterlie bruised into shyvers; and
besydes the Porter began to bussell himself to his dagger,
and tooke me by the throte ; and then I thruste him from me,
for indeed he was but a testy little wretche. And so I willed
Mr. SherrifF and his officers to stay the fellow from doing any
hurte to any other in his furye. After this we passed quietlie,
all doors being open, out of the hall up the stayrs, and at the
staire-head there was a great long gallerie, that in length stode
easte and weste. In the same gallerie all the masse-hearers,
38 FLETEWOOD AND THE PORTUGUESE AMBASSADOR. [NOV.
both men and women, were standing ; for the priest was at the
gospell, and the altar candells were lighted, as the old mode
was. After this we knocked at the utter door of the gallery,
and all they looked back, and then Mr. Sheriff Kympton and
I charged all suche as were Englishemen borne and the
Queene's subjects to come forth of that place, and then came
all the straungers coming towards us, some of them beginning
to drawe first their daggers, and then after they buckled them-
selfs to drawe their rapiers, and by that time two bayliff errants
of Middlesex, whose names I remember not, being at the door,
did draw their swordes. And immediately Mr. Kympton caused
the straungers to be quiett, and I caused the bayliffs to putt
up their swordes. And then Mr. Kympton, with all the masse-
hearers, with Mr. Gerraldie's wife, and her maydes, were all in
a heape forty persons at once speaking in several languages.
And then I sayd to Mr. SherrifF, " I praye you, let you and
me make a way for my Ladye ;" and so he, making a way
before, I kyssed my hand, and tooke my ladye Gerraldie
by the hands, and let her owt of the prease to her chamber-
doore, and then made a most humbly cursey unto her ; and
after I put owt my hands to the reste of the gentlewomen,
and first kist it, and delyvered them into their chamber also.
And then Mr. Sherriff Barnes came into the gallerie, and so
we three examined every man what he was, and first suche
as were Sign or Gerraldie's men we required them to depart,
and after many lewde and contumelious words used by them
against us, we by faire meanes got them owt of the gallerie
into their ladies' lodgyng, and then proceeded to the exa-
mination of the straungers that were not of Sig. Gerraldie's
howse, nor of his retinewe ; and trulie they most dispitefullie,
against all civilitie, used such lewde wordes in theire lan-
guage against us, that if our company had understande them,
there might have chanced great harme. But in plain termes
I said unto them, " Sirs, I see no remedie but you must go to
prison, for most of you be free denizens." And then I willed
the officers to lay hand on them, and immediately every man,
suddenlie, most humbly putt off his capp, and began to be
1
3576.] FLETEWOOD AND THE PORTUGUESE AMBASSADOR. 39
sutors, and sought favor ; and so upon their submission we
suffered them to depart, all saving Anthony Gwarras, who was
not willing to go from us, but kept us company.
And all this done, we examined the English subjects, and
sent them to pryson, who, to say the truth, provoked the
straungers into fury and disorder against us ; for if the
Englishmen had according to our direction departed from
the straungers aud come forth unto us, the straungers had
been quiett, and we without trouble. But trewlie the greatest
faulte was, that as well the Englishe masse-mongers, as
also the free denizens, for the covering of their owne offenses,
practised rather to have murther committed then to be taken
as they were.
All this while the masse-sayer stode at the northe end of
the altar, and no man lyving saide a worde to him, nor
touched him, saving that he did give to dyvers of om' servants
singing cakes, wherewith I was offended with them for
receiving that ydolatrous bread. And all being done, and we
readie to depart, it was said by a stander by, " If you look
in at that door nere the altar," said he, " you shall find a
number of masse-mongers." And then did the priest take a
keye out of his pockett, and smiling opened the door, and
Sheriff Kympton and the priest loked in, and there was
nobody. And then Anthony Gwarras tooke me by the hand
to see the altar howe trime it was, for Mr. Barnes and I stode
afarr off in the gallerie. And I said to Gwarras, " Sir, if I had
done my dutie to you and to the Queen, I had taken two
hundreth here upon All Hallowe day last, and as many more
upon All Sowles day also." " Ho ! sir," said Gwarras unto
me, " become of this religion, and surelie you will like it well,
and I will be a redie means to make you a good Christian."
And so we went nere the altar, where neither he nor I touched
any manner of thing, and so we bad the priest farewell, who
gently saluted us, and I suddenlie loking back, saw the priest
shake his head, and mumbled out words which sounded
Diable ! and male crolx ! or to that effect. And then said I
40 FLETEWOOD AND THE PORTUGUESE AMBASSADOR. [nOV.
to Mr. ShciTiff, " Sir, let us depart, for the priest doth curse."
And so we departed, and Anthony Gwarras brought us to the
utter gate, where Mr. Sherriff and I invited him to dynner
with us, but he departed back to heare out the profaned
masse.
The foresaid Gwarras, at this business, said that he him-
self was an embassador to a greater person then — , and so did
shake his head. *'What ?" quoth I, " do you meane a greater
personage then the Queue our mistris." " Na, na," said he,
" I meane not so." "No," quoth I, " it were not best for you
to make comparisons with the Queen our mistres. Whose
embassador are you then ?" quoth I, " the Pope's ?" and then
he departed further off, in an anger. This Gwarras was a
very busye fellow in this action.
Amongest all these straungers I marked one, who is a free
denizen, and mari'ied to an Englishwoman ; he is a broker,
and hath his chief lyving by our merchants. This fellow e
made himself more busie then it became him.
There was a tall young fellowe, an Italian, that was very
wanton with us. And it hath been told me sithens that he
and other are kept here for two causes, the one for uttering
the Pope's almes and th'other to serve for intelligensers,
which I think are very spyes. This youth was very busye,
and bare him as though he had bene treading of a galliard.
There was one John Chevers, an Irishman, a student of
the Inns of the Chauncery, who, as it appeared unto me, I
having a vigilant eye of all sydes, was a great stm'rer of the
straungers against us. This yong man, when he could not
prevayle, then he gate up to the southe end of the altar, and
there he confronted the masse-sayer with his cap on his head,
who was at th'other end, and stode there as thoughe he had
been an Italian. His garments were a cloke and a rapier,
after the Italian fashion ; and when I demaunded what he
was, he bowed on th'one side and th'other, as thoughe he had
not understoode me muche, like the fashion of Sig. Gerraldie,
by which I did note that he had bene often there.
1576.] FLETEWOOD AND THE PORTUGUESE AMBASSADOR. 41
This is all that I do remember, and in my conscience, as I
shall answere before God at the latter day, we used ourselves
with suche humble reverence unto the Lady and her familie,
as more we could not do unto the Queen om' Mistris, save in
kneeling. I sent Sig. Gerraldie word, as I remember, at
Easter last, by Mr. Benedick Spinello, that he shold not
suffer the Queue's subjects to repaire to his masse ; and other
things shold also be amended, wherewith the people did
wonderfullie grudge at him. And X am sure Mr. Spinello
did my message unto him in a decent order. This is not the
first time that his howse hath bene delt withall by the sheriffs.
Strompetts have been gotten with child in his howse, and we
of the hospital dryven to take order for their keeping. The
Masters shall justifie this. I never sawe any embassador sent
out of England but that was both wise and virtuous, and was
not indebted to any.
And whether Sig. Gerraldie were an ambassador or not,
surelie, my Lord, I knewe it not untill my Lords of the coun-
sell had told me thereof, upon Monday last at the counsell
borde.*
WILLIAM FLETEWOOD TO LORD BURGHLEY.
My singular good Lord, we departed from your Honor to
the court, where we had bene called for ere we came. We
were heard as muche as we could saye for ourselffs. My Lords
made a true report to her Majestic. At theire returne, they
sayd we had done but according to the lawe, yet, notwith-
standing, for honour's sake, insomuche as Sig.,Geraldo was
upon his dispatche, and for that by his good meanes there
was an honorable conclusion of trafique brought to passe,
* Signer Geraldi was the Portuguese ambassador, who made great
complaint of this infraction of his domestic arrangements, and to pa-
cify him, the Lords of the council called up the recorder, and committed
him for a time to the Fleet.
42 FLETEWOOD AND THE PORTUGUESE AMBASSADOR. [nOV.
therefore it was thought mete by her Majestie that we shold
go to the Flete, and thercuppon at the board we received our
warrant to Mr. Warden of the Flete to receyve us. But after
that Mr. Sheriff had out of order tumbled out a number of
fonde wordes, and sayd that I and others had commanded him
to go thither, I was contented to take the matter upon me
alone, where in very deed, my Lord, my going was by earnest
request of the Sheriff, and especially for that Mr. Sheriffs man,
being light fyngered, might take things away. Trewlie, my
Lord, that was the cause why I went. And I am not sorye
for anything, but that her Majestie shall be offended. If
your Lordship had sene the idolatrous dealing, it wold, I am
sure, have stirred your Lordship's heart agaynst them more
than I can expresse. My very good Lord, I do most humbly
beseche your Honor to give all my Lords of the counsell
thankes for theyr honorable and most curteis using of me, for
trewelie they dyd for me as muche as at that present they
possibly might do.
Thus most humbly I committ your Lordship to the tuition
of Almightie God, with most humble thanks for your good
Lordship's great care of our wel-doings at the court. Ex Fleta^
7th Nov. 1576.
Your good Lordship's most humbly bounden,
W. Fletewoode.
WILLIAM FLETEWOOD TO LORD BURGHLEY.
My very good Lord, I have, according to the postcript
written with your Lordship's own hand, sett downe, I am
sme, the very truthe, without adding or informing anything
more or less then the simplicitie of the matter now in action.
My Lord, I have required Mr. Spinola in times past to give
Sig. Gerraldie counsell to amende dyvers things that have
been awrye, and especially touching the repaire of those lewde
people, the Queue's subjects, that came to his masse. Sig.
1576.] THE YOUNG EARL OF ESSEX. 43
Gerraldie saith to his frendes, that I beare him malice, and did
this for malice. My Lord, I refer that to God and to your
Lordship's own conscience ; and I thank God even from my
harte that I never used any man lyving with any malicious
dealing. Sig. Gerraldie his faults are suche as that I do not
onlie malice but do abhor. Our Lord make him a virtuous man !
I do beseech you, thanke Mr. Warden of the Fleete for his most
frendly and courteous using of me, for surelie, I thank God
for it, I am quiet, and lack nothing that he or his bedfellow
are able to do for me. This is a place wherin a man may
quietly be acquainted with God. O Lord God ! bless your
good Lordship, my good Lady, and Sir Walter Myldmay.
The 9th of November, 1576. Ex Fleta.
Your good Lordship's most bounden,
W. Fletewoode.
SIR EDWARD WATERHOUSE TO LORD BURGHLEY.
It maie please your Lordship, I came to this house of pur-
pose to have attended on my Lord of Essex to the burial of
his father,* but when I had conferred with such as are about
the Earle, and understood by them the tendernes of his body,
I durst not consent to take him from hence in this extreme
cold weather to so long a journey, but to leave hym here,
meaning that his uncle George Devereux shall supply the
place of chief mourner. I delyvered your Lordship's letters
unto the Earle, which he redde three or four tymes. In the end
he said, " I am muche bounde to my Lorde Treasurer ; I will
write an answer." And because I wold have triall of his witt,
I assure your Lordship I left hym to his own advice, saving
I said that her Majestic had licenced him to go to the
buriall, and that your Lordship and my Lord Chamberlaine
were the persons upon whose advices my Lord his father had
* The Earl of Essex was buried at Carmarthen. Sir Edward
Waterhouse was the bosom friend both of the Earl of Essex and of Sir
H. Sydney.
44 THE YOUNG EARL OF ESSEX. [nOV.
commanded liym to repose hymself. Upon tins he wrote the
letter which your Lordship shall receive herewith, without
helpe or correcting of one word or sillable.
He desired furder of me to knowe the names of his father's
principall fiiends in Wales, which I gave hym. Immediately
he wrote two letters of like effect, but in contrary words, to
these gentelmen, excusing his absence, and taking knowledge
of their good wills to his father, and promising with your
Lordship's licence to visit them within a yere or two. He
can expresse his mind in Latin and French, as well as in
English, verie curteous and modest, rather disposed to heare
then to answere, given greatly to learning, weake and tender,
but very comely and beautifull. I think your Lordship will
as well like of him, as of any that ever came within your
charge. His scholemaster, this bearer, was carefully chosen
by my Lord his father, out of Cambridge ; the chief of the
colledge, wherein he is a fellowe,have borne with his absence
for the Earle's sake, and now I suppose he is not like to have
anie longer tolleration, unlesse it proceed from your favor, or
from your auctority as Chancellor of the University. And
forasmuch as changing of teachers do many tymes make
confusion among their schoUers, and that this is every waie
to be liked bothe for his learning, judgment, and acquaintance
with the yong Erie's disposition, I am humbly to pray your
Lordship's goodnes towards hym.
Divers here have entreated me to be a sutor to your Lord-
ship, that the Erie might remayne here till the end of
February, but if your Lordship do not signify your opinion
to be so before my returne from Carmarthen, I will then bring
hym up according to the former order. And in the meane
season T humbly beseech you that my Lord Chamberlain may
understand that the Erie goeth not into Wales. So I leave
to trouble your Lordship. At Chartley, the 15th of Novem-
ber, 1576.
Your Lordship's bounden and humbly at commandement,
Ed. Waterhous.
157G.] THE NETHERLANDS. 45
DR. WILSON TO LORD BURGHLEY.
(Brussels, Dec. 3, 1576.— Extracts.)
The state here is very imcertayne, the people everywhere
suspicious and murmuring, the magistrates and nobilitie little
esteemed, greate wante of money at this present, and yet the
campe of the states encreased every daie more and more, and
is appoynted to be at Duffeyle, a place by a ryver, halfe
waye betwixt Macline, which the states have, and Lyra . . .,
where Julian Romero and his companie lyeth. The number
of footmen is thought to be 30,000, and the horsemen 4,000.
Every landlorde payeth the 20 parte of the lande, and the
tenante the 40 parte, for the mayntenance of these warres ;
the 100 pennie is to be levied throughout the provinces,
being 17 in all, wherof 16 are agreed and united together,
onlie Luxembourge is not within the accorde of the treatie
betwixte the prynce and the states. Meanes have been made
to me by the chiefest for monie to be had out .... at this
present, but I answer, that I dare not presume to deale with-
out comission, onlie promising to declare that suche motion
hath been, and I would take upon me to be any furtherer. Four
Comissioners are especiallie sent to Don John with warrants to
deale stoutlie, and to demande thinges with greate vehemence,
as by a copie of their instructions maye appear. The Com-
missioners are those who went after Monsieur de Resinghen,
then come newlie from Brysels to Luxembourge, the Mar-
quesse of Haver, the Abbot of Saynt Gheselins, clerke, the
Bysshoppeof Arras, Monsieur Lik ...., Monsieur Mekerke,and
these require a resolute answer by the 12 of this at the fur-
thest. The chiefeste man of wysedome and stomack at this
tyme here, is Monsieur de Champeignie, who hath made a dis-
course of late upon these afFayres, which I do send herewith
translated out of Frenche into Englishe. The Frenche copies
not onlie of these two translations, but also of other ad-
46 THE NETHERLANDS. [.TAN.
vyscs made for Don John in Spaync, to deale with the states
here, I have sent to Mr. Secretary, who I trust will com-
municate all to your Honor, but if you please, this bearer
maye suffice for all, if you have leisure, as I praye you most
earnestlie so to do, for never was it more meete for the coun-
sel of Englande to be watchful, and careful to the state, than
at this tyme. Upon three persons at this tyme all Christen-
dom hath their eyes, and learne to understande their doinges,
viz. Don John, W , and the Prynce. And of these
three it is hard to say who is most to be doubted for England's
welfayre.
* * * # *
If the Prynce shal have it,*' as he hath Newporte, as in-
deede he shal, if the Comyssioners agree not, it is thought verilie
he will come in person, and then the trial wyl be betwixte
us there and the Prynce for the best game, without hope of
peace or any accorde at all. And surelie if the Prynce with
the states had readie monie, it is lyke that some greate ex-
ployte would sertainlie be done. And no doubt the Prynce
is a rare man, of great authoritie, universallie beloved, verie
wyse in resolution in all thinges, and voyd of pretences, and
that which is worthie of speciall prayse in hym, he is not
dismayed with any losse or adversitie, his state being better
now than ever it was. God grawnte that right male take
place, and justice may be done upon earth !
SIR HENRY RADCLIFFE TO THE EARL OF SUSSEX.
It may please your Honor, such newes as I have receaved
out of France, I have thought good to advertise your Honor,
altho I know you receive the true certificate, and I report but
from friends.
* Ecluse.
1577.] TROUBLES IN FRANCE. 47
Upon Thursday last there came a shipp from Deepe, which
arrived here upon Sunday, by which I do understand that
the French King publisheth and proclaimeth, that there shal
be no more preaching of the gospel in his country.* Where-
upon div ers of the religion be fled, and divers that would fly
cannot, for that all the coast of Normandy and the sea coast
adjoyning be restrained and stopped. Monsieur Melleroy,
the governor of Normandy, doth assemble force for the King.
And there hath been brought into Normandy divers bands of
soldiers by small companies, which now be discovered. And
Monsieur Melleroy hath taken order with Monsiem* Sigonie,
the governor of Deepe, that there shal be within Deepe four or
five ensignes of soldiers, which Sigonie hath agi'eed to receive.
There shal be ganisons also in most townes upon the sea
coast.
The Protestants, as many as could get away, be gone to the
Prince of Conde, who hath been in Rochel, and taken order
there. Monsieur de Montpensier and Monsieur de Bedon
being with the King of Navar, to know what he would do,
the King's answer was, that if the French King would not
keep his promise, he would make war.
There is great preparation made on both sides, and cruel
war is thought to follow. The Pope, the King of Spain, and
the French King, have all agreed to make the Duke of Guise
general of these wars. The Duke Cassimire hath sent word
to the French King, that he will prepare a great number of
with its adherents, sought by all means to break the peace in France,
and by grievous oppression and wrongs, to force those of the reformed
religion to put themselves in armes. The King began also to inter-
pret his edict after a strange manner, and far otherwise than was ex-
pected by his confederates. Infamous libels were printed, containing
villanous matters against the Protestants, and at last it was concluded
by the King in the assembly of the States, that there should be none
other but the Roman religion within all his territories. Then began
the sixth civil war.
* This was the effect of a secret council at Rome not long before,
for the rooting out of the blood royal of France, to make way for the
House of Guise to take the sceptre. For that purpose, that House,
48 THE EARL OF NORTHUMBERLAND. [MARCH,
men of war against liim. The merchants and common people
ofFrance, upon the sea coast, are at then- wits' end for feare of
this sudden war towards. There is a prohibition made that
no Frenchman be suffered to fly into England. Thus have
I certified your Honor of such newesas 1 have received, altho
not confirmed. I humbly commit your Honor to God. From
Portsmouth, the 15th of Jan. 1576.
Your Honor's brother, most humbly to command,
Henry Radcclyff.
THE EARL OF NORTHUMBERLAND* TO LORD BURGHLEY.
Right Honorable and my very good Lorde, I have hearde'of
late that your Lordship hath not been well, and that you
have kepte your chamber, which I am hartyly sory for ; and
being desirous to knowe in what case your Lordship is, I
have sent to understand the same, wishing to your Lordship
not only helthe,but also comforte and harte's desire to you and
all yours. 1 live here lyke a rusty ke, and yet I assure your Lord-
ship very well contente therewith, for altho' it be solitary,
yet is it quiett. I do nowe finde what delyte and pleasure
your Lordship hath had in buylding ; for in reforming but a
fewe windows and making a seller \ and some other iyttell
necessaries, I finde contentation. But if I were able and had
suche workes as your Lordship hathe, I shoulde take too
muche delyte therein. Of all humours it is the moste plea-
sante, I must confesse. And thus, being desirous to heare
howe your Lordship dothe, I wishe unto you as to myself,
with my wyfe's harty commendations, and myne to my Lady
of Oxforthe and my Lady your wyfe, and God's blessing to
the Iyttell Lady.f From my house at Pettworth, this 22nd of
March, 1576.
Your Lordship's cossen ever assured,
H. Northumberland.
* Sir Henry Peicy^, brother of the rebel Earl.
' Cellar.
f- The Countess of Oxford's daughter.
\
1577.] STUKELEY IN ITALY. 49
MR. HENRY CHEEK TO LORD BURGHLEY.
Right Honorable and my singular good Lord, I am en-
forced through the malice of some of my countrymen on this
side, no less traitors to her Majestic (as I suppose) then
enemyes to me, to chaunge the place of my abode, as one
looked into here with many eyes, and my use noted of such
as mean to entrapp me for the hatred conceived against my
name. I have bene advertised of this by a certain English
gentilman, v^^ho coming in the company of Mr. Stuckley* from
Genua to Siena, where they arrived on the 20th of this
present, gave me warning to seek some other place, and to
look carefully to myself, as one greatly noted of some of
my countrymen, who were such persons, and had spoken
such words in his hearing as he might not declare unto
me in particular. This circumstance gave me great cause to
distrust Mr. Stuckley's disposition towards me, and the rather
because he has discovered himself here to be a hateful enemy
unto your Lordship, whom he knoweth I do, not without
just cause, honor as my highest friend.
To avoyd this daunger with greatest security, I thought
good to use the counsell of Sr. Lorenzo Guicciardini, brother
unto M. Vincenzo Guicciardini, of London, a grave, wise
gentilman, very friendly unto me, and of great credit with the
Grand Duke of Toscane, by whom I am advised to repayre
to Padua as soon as I may, a state of security, and in the
mean season to remayn at Ferrara, where I may also for a
time live safely. Wherfore, my very good Lord, I am deter-
* Stukeley went from Spain to Rome, where " it is incredible," as
Fuller says, " how quickly he wrought himself through the notice
into the favour, through the court into the chamber, yea closet, yea
bosome, of Pope Pius Quintus." The Pope entered eagerly into all his
plans, gave him a high title, creating him Baron of Ro3S, Viscount
Murrough, Earl of Wexford, and Marques of Leinster, and furnished
him with eight hundred men, to be paid bj the King of Spain for his
Irish expedition.
VOL. II. E
00 STUKELRY IN ITALY. [MARCH,
mined not to hazard myself any longer in those states where
1 can have no surety, but depart to-morrow (God willing)
towards Ferrara, following the counsell of that gentilman
w^hose care over me in this case I have found fatherlie ; and
I am most humbly to beseech your Lordship, when it shall
seem good unto you, to give thanks imto his brother for me,
for whose sake I have received this great friendship at Sr.
Lorenzo his hands.
I wrote unto your Lordship in my letter of the 23rd of
February, that it was thought the Tmke would invade Malta
this sommer, but it is now sayd, that he is sO occupied in
wars abroad with the Sophi, and visited so at home with the
plague, as there is no fear of his coming this year into
Christendome.
At this present, as the advertisements were given here this
day, Venice and Padua are clear, howbeit it is thought the
passages wdll not be open till the spring be past.
The 21st of this month Mr. Stuckley departed from Siena
towards Rome, where he is in great favour with the Pope,
who hath employed him all this while, as it is sayd, in Flaun-
ders. As he passed by Florence, he had great conference
with the Duke, who did him gieat honor, as do th'other
Dukes of Italy, esteeming him as their compagnion. He is
full of money, and mayntayneth his old manner of spending.
The night before his going from Siena, he invited all English
gentlemen of the towne, saving myself, to supper, but they
refused to go unto him.
The 26th of this present, there came an English w oman to
Siena to pass to Rome, calling herself Mrs. Johnson, a wo-
man about fifty years of age, accompanied with two other
Englishmen, w^hose years between them both scarcely anive
to fifty.
The 21st of this present, also, was brought prisoner to
Florence, Piero Ridolphi, one which with a great number of
other gentilmen of the greatest howses in this city, conspired
to have slayn the Duke and his two brothers about two years
1577.] SIR WALTER WALLER. 51
since, but the matter being discovered in time, the most part
of them were apprehended and executed. Certayn of them
fled, wherof one went into Turky, and was sent back again
by the great Turke, at the request of the Duke. This other,
PieroRidolphi, fled into Polonia, and afterwards coming with
the King's ambassador to th'Emperor his court, was there
espied by the Duke's liger, wherof the Duke being advertised,
wrote unto th'Emperor for him, who was contented to suffer
him to be apprehended within his dominions, and so car-
ried to the Duke, who hath spent above 40,000 crowns
in getting him, hoping to have some greater matter revealed
by his meanes. He was a gentilman whom the Duke fa-
voured greatly, and always as his compagnion, and of such
welthe, as it is sayd his revenues amount to 200,000
crowns.
There is nothing els, wherof I can advertise your Lord-
ship at this time. Wherfore, praying contynually for the great
honor and prosperity of your Lordship and yours, and most
humbly beseeching you to continue your Lordship's good
favour towards me, as my greatest comfort in my absence,
I most humbly take my leave. From Florence, the 29th of
March, 1577.
Your Lordship's most ready at commandment,
H. Cheek.
LORD ABERGAVENNY * TO LORD BURGHLEY.
May it lyke your Lordship to understand that there be
certaine of Sir Walter Waller's f men, and other their com-
panions, who have of late fought and resisted the constable,
* Henry Nevil, Baron Abergavenny. His only daughter married
Sir Thomas Fane.*
t Sir Walter Waller, of Groombridge, Kent.
e2
5*2 SIR WALTER WALLER. [aPRIL,
and his companie, and hurte one of them, having warrante
from me and my sonne Fane and other justices, for the ap-
prehension of them, for that they had disobeyed the Quene's
Majestie's lawes ; and if they be suffered, that they neyther
will obey the warrants of justices of the peace, nor the officers
themselves, I refeiTe it unto your Lordship's consyderation
what wyll followe.
1 dely vered to your Lordship a byll of such disorders, both
by him and his men, which, if the pardon had not remytted,
wold have proved felonie, as it is supposed by learned men ;
but because he was a justice of peace, these matters were
slipt over. And thus by the meanes that he is a justice
of peace, he overbeareth the poor men with such disordinate
dealings, both against lawe and conscience. My Lord, evill
orders growe apace in this countrye, which, if they be suf-
fered, to what ende they will come, I know not. For we had
a murther remitted, and that a wilful! murther, as I am well
able to approve ; and the matter being examined by a justice
of peace, and the partie bound with good sureties to appeare
at the next assizes, another justice of peace discharged
him cleane, without any knowledge to the bench, or any
other, as it was informed to me by the justice of peace him-
self, who tooke the bands of the parties ; and other murthers
committed, which, for brevitie, I overpasse, untill such tyme
as I wayte upon your Lordship myself.
But when the justices of assize be nothing regarded, but
that other justices of the peace shall undo that which they
do, my doings and other justices' must nedes be little sett by,
as they have bene ; for I assure your Lordship, my sonne
Fane, Mr. Serjeant Barham, and I,with others, have directed
above ten or twelve warrants for the apprehension of these
malefactors, as my servant the bearer hereof can declare unto
your Lordship, who hath written the warrants, and knoweth
the matter, and ever they have bene disobeyed by Sir Walter
Waller's men, and by his commandement, as I can well
prove.
1577.] SIR WALTER WALLER. 53
And when tliey heare of any warrants out for them, they go
straight to Sir Walter Waller's house, and are there har-
boured, that the constables dare not come thither without
danger of their lives, so threatened by Sir Walter and his
men, which was not wonte to be used by his predecessors,
which dwelte in the house before, for they lyved like sub-
jectes and under lawes.
My Lord, here be many robberies done, many murders,
and none taken. The cause why is, that the justices of
peace are so lightly sett by, for when one justice of peace
shall commytt one to pryson upon disorders, other justices
will bail him straight, not knowing the matter.
My Lord, I have bene a justice of peace in Kent these
thirty yeares, and my warrants have ever bene estemed and
obeyed untill nowe, within this twelvemoneth, which war-
rants, if they have not bene made according to lawe and jus-
tice, let me take the reproach therin.
I beseech your Lordship directe your letters downe to
some justices of peace within the shire, who, uppon your let-
ters, may cause Mr. Waller to send his men to be examined,
and if there be not found good matters against them, both for
transgressing the lawes of the realme, and also of other diso-
bedience not meete to be suffered, then your Lordship may
blame me, when I waite upon your Lordship, if I have not
dealte justly in the matter.
I do trust yovo: Lordship shall heare of such disorders done
by Sir Walter Waller and his men, that your Lordship will
thinke him not meete to be a justice of peace.
Thus, being bold to trouble your Lordship, I bequeath you
to God.
From myhowse at Comforte, the 8th of Aprill, 1577.
Your Lordship's to commande,
Henry Abergavenny.
54 THE EARL OF SHREWSBURY. [MAY,
LORD BURGHLEY TO THE EARL OF SHREWSBURY.
My verie good Lord, I have received your letter of the lif'te
of this presente, in answere whereof you may please to under-
stand that her Majestie alloweth well of your purjjose to re-
move for three wekes to your house of Chattesworth, for the
ayring of your house of Sheffield in the mean tyme. How-
beit, her pleasure is, that your Lordship forbeare to remove,
as is aforesaid, untill Mounsieur Vergier be gone away from
your chardge, and returned hither, of whose abode there with
youher Majestie much marvayleth, thinking that he would have
stayed with you not above fower or five days. And so hum-
bly commending your Lordship to God, I take my leave.
(May 9, 1577.)
THE EARL OF SHREWSBURY TO HIS COUNTESS.*
My swetehart, your true and faithefull zeale you beare me
is more comfortable to me than anything I can thynke upon,
and I gyve God thanks dayly for his benefits he hath be-
stowed of me, and greatest cause I have to gyve him thanks
that he hathe sent me you in my old yeares to comfort me
withall. Your coming I shall thynke long for, and shall send
a Fry day your lyttar horses and a Saterday mornyng I wyll
send my folkes, because Fryday they wyl be desyrous to be
at Rotheram faire.
It appeares by my syster Wingfeld's letter there is brute of
this Queue's going from me. I thank you for sending it me,
* This letter is of uncertain date, and is placed here, because Lodge
has printed about the same period a similar letter from the Countess to
her husband. At the same time it is possible the " brute of this
Queue's going, " may be the same alluded to by Burghley in a letter
to the Earl of Shrewsbury, Sept. 7, 1577, in Lodge.
1577.] THE YOUNG EAKL OF ESSEX. 55
which I returne again, and wyll not shew it tyll you may
speke it yourself what you heare ; and I have sent you J ohn
Knyfton's letter, that Lord brought me, that your may per-
ceive what is bruted of the yonge King. I thank you for
your fatt capon, and it shal be baken, and kept cold and un-
touched tyll my sweteharte come ; gesse you who it is. I
have sent you a cocke that was gyven me, which is all the
dainties I have here.
I have wrytten to Cellars to send every weke a quarter of
rye for tliis tenne wekes, which wyl be as much as 1 know
wyl be had there, and ten quarters of barley, which wyl be
all that I can spare you. Farewell my swete true none' and
faithefull wyfe.
All your's,
G Shrewsbury.
THE EARL OF ESSEX TO LORD BURGHLEY.
My very good Lord, I am not only to give your Lordship
thankes for your goodnes towardes me in your Lordship's
house, whereby I am bounde in duty to your Lordship, but
also for your Lordship's great care of j)lacing me here in the
University, where, for your Lordship's sake, I have bene very
well entertained both of the University and of the towne.
And thus desiring your Lordship's goodnes towardes me to
continue, I wishe your Lordship healthe, with the continu-
ance of all honour.
From Trinity College, in Cambridge, the 13th of May,
1577.
Your Lordship's at comman dement,
R. Essex.
Own.
56 EMBASSY TO MAROCCO. [jUNE,
EDMOND HOGAN TO QUEEN ELIZABETH.
Maye it please your Majestic to be advertised, that after
your Higlmes sent me, being directed unto the King of Bar-
baric, with your Majestie's commission signed, delyvered
unto me, I prepared myselfc for these partes, imbarking at
Portesmouth the 6th daye of Maye, and the . . . of the same
month arryved on this coaste of Barberie at a porte of the
King's called Caphia. I remained aborde shipp in the
roade, and wrote letters to Marocus, where the King keepes
his courte. And at the ende of five dayes, the King being
informed of my arryvall, sente certayne captaynes, with sol-
diers and Englishe merchauntes, to me, for to bring me up
to his courte, declaring that he greatly rejoyced to hear from
your Majestic. So as the first of June I came to his city of
Marocus, and uppon the way, by his order, mett me all the
christian marchauntes, and neare to the citty some of his
court, who declared it was the King's pleasure to honnor
your Majestic all he could devise, and therefore thought it
good I should come to his presence. So to his pallace I was
brought, and to the presence of the Kinge, sitting in his
chaire of estate, and his cownsallors being as well Moores
as Turkes, standing abowte hym. I dutifully delyvered your
Majestie's letters, and declared my message in Spaynish, which
albeit he well understoode, he cawsed me to make relation
w^hat I said in their language, as the Moores mighte under-
stand the same. And after the Kinge, giving great thankes
to your Majesty, declared that he with his countrie and all
thinges therin should be at your Majestie's commandement
as with his honnor and law. I aunswered, your Majesty re-
served the same, as by your Highnes' letters he shoulde per-
ceive.
Theareupon, I being conducted to my lodging, being ap-
poynted of . . . with necessaries, accordingly the same
nighte he sente for me to the courte, whereas he had long
conferance with me, declaring that the Kinge of Spayne had
1577.] EMBASSY TO MAROCCO. 57
sente to hym for lycence that he mighte send an embassador
hither, which request that his honnor wolde not gyve any-
wise to anie that did not come from your Majestic, which li-
cence he had graunted. *' But," sayd the Kinge, '' when he
cometh he shall see that I make more accompte of you com-
ing from the Queen's Majestic of England, then of anie
King of Spayne ; for I wyll use hym after the use of some
places in Christendome, to tarrie twenty dayes before I speake
with hym ; for that the King cannot governe his own
countrie, but is governed by the pope and inquisition," which
religion he doth wholly mislike of. Fyndinghym to be a very
earnest protestante, of good religion and lyving, and well ex-
perimented as well in the Old Testament as New, with great
affection to God's trew religion used in your Hyghncs'
realme, T fynde hym willing to do good to youi* marchauntes
more then to anie other nation, and not to urge any demaunds
to your Majestic that mayetende to your dishonnor or breache
of league with other christian princes. Wherin, as apper-
tayneth to my duty, I specially regarde. He is nott yet all
in quiett within his countrie, for the blacke Kinge kepeth in
the mowntaynes, being of small force.* Thus praying to the
Lordefor the preservation of your Majestie'sroy all estate and
honnor, longe to governe.
From Marocus, in Barberia, the 11th of June, anno
Domini 1577.
Your Majestie's moste humble servaunte,
Edmond Hogan.
DANIEL ROGERS TO THE EARL OF LEICESTER.
Right honourable, I have written at large unto your Lord-
* There were at this time divisions in the kingdom of Marocco,
of which the King of Portugal in the year following thinking to take
advantage to his own aggrandisement, went with an army, and
perished there.
58 TREACHERY OF DON JOHN. [jULY,
shipp in my former letters, touching my negotiation with the
Prince. As I was even readie to depart from Enchusen, he sent
for me againe, to imparte unto me suche letters as presently
he had received fr'om Bruxelles, subsigned by the Comte of
Egmont, Monsieur D'Aussy, brother unto the Counte Bossu,
Counte of Lantkercke, Monsieur de Heze, Baron Merude and
Berelle, as also to shewe me suche letters as Aldegonda wrote
unto him from Bruxelles. The contents are worthie of your
Lordshipp's knowledge, and therefore, although I was redy
to depart, I thought it my dewtie to write them to your Lord-
shipp. First they thank the Prynce for imparting unto them
the letters intercepted and decyphered : since which tyme
Don Juan should have taken the towne of Namure, and
placed Monsiem- de Floyon his regiment as well in the
towne as in the castell. That by the meanes of Monsieur de
Leieges he had lykewise obtayned Carlemont and Philippe-
ville, townes heretofore builded by the Prince, and by him
named, at the Emperor's commandement. That Don Juan
had written unto the estate, howe that he understoode that
the estate went abowte to imprison him, wherfore for his safety
he had taken the above-mentioned townes. That the state
had answered he had no just cause to suspect any such mat-
ter, and because they had great occasion given them to sus-
pect his doings, they willed him to returne incontinently to
Bruxells. In the meanwhile the abovenamed Lords counsell
the Prince to assure himself of Amsterdam, and to surprendre
(if it were possible) the townes of Boldur and Breda, where
the Allmaines are in garrison to prevent such mischiefs as
were at hande, that they meane with the firste to sende one
unto him to communicate the affayres farther unto him, and
to knowe his wise advise. In Aldegonda's letter was com-
prehended all that he had negotiated with the above-men-
tioned : as also howe he had with him Champigny untill
thre of the clocke in the morning : that it were not yet con-
cluded amongvSt them with whom he had dealt, whether he
should make the Duke of Arskot acquainted with the letters
1577.] LOW-COUNTRY NEWS. 50
intercepted. That the gates were well garded at Bruxelles, that
none went forth without passport. That he had conferred
with Count Lalaing, Monsieur de Montigny, the Counte's
brother, Monsieur de Capers, and Monsieur de Frazin : he
advertised the Prince, how Don Juan had failed in intercept-
ing Maestricht, which he thought to have obtayned by the
helpe of the Duke of Arskot, who, with his brother, the
Marquis of Havrech, followeth Don Juan. That the prince
of Chimay is going towards iVndwarpe to assure himself of
the castell and towne: that some of the estate had sent thither
to Wynne the captaines.
Item, that they have sent to Machlin, Monsieur de Mon-
tigny to be assured of Gonney and La Mote. Furthermore that
the Count of Lalaing came to conduct the Queen of Na^ arre
through his government, that the said Queen councelled the
Count to go to his force, for that Don Juan mynded to sui-
prise him : that she should be sorrie if any thing came
amysse unto him whilest he was awaiting upon her.
Item, he wrote unto the Prince howe that the estate coun-
celled him to surprise Barronne : that Billy alias Robeloz and
Mondragen were at Namure.
Item, that the Counte Mansfeld was a returning to Don
Juan.
Item, that the estate had written to Monsiem- de Ville, the
Count of Hockstrat's brother, who was as yet at Machlin,
that he went not to Don Juan, but should thinke to return
to his government in Frislande : that Barlemont were not at
Bruxelles, but at the bathes. Allagond, beside these, coun-
celled the Prince to come to Gertrundenberg to th'intent he
might the better provyde for allthinges, as he mynded to *do.
In summe, I perceive the waiTe is begunne. The Burgmaisters
there understanding these newes, desired the prince he wolde
give them leave to molest them of Amsterdam ; if they
tooke it not in a moneth, they would loose their lifes. The
Prince, to save time, meaneth not to stay for him whom the
estate promised to send, but this daie dispatcheth Taffin to
60 TREACHERY OF DON JOHN. [jULY,
the estate and coimcill there from him to look well to Maes-
tricht, and to see how they may assure themselves of the
castell and towne of Andwarpe: if they see difficulty in
taking the castell, that they forthwith divide the castell from
the towne by making of a trenche ; and because they ought
as good as six millions of gold unto the Allmaines, he
councelleth them to employ the said summe to the driving
them out of the countrey. Thus he thinketh good the estate
and him to levy 3000 reisters, for which purpose he meaneth
to send the Count of Holleck into Germany : if they shall
understande that Don Juan makes a levy of reisters, forthwith
to send for 5000 reisters more : and these thinges he meaneth
not to write, because he knoweth not fully their determina-
tions. One thing I will add, and trouble your Lordship no
longer, which is, that the Emperor's ambassador remaining at
Constantinople hath advertised the Prince that the King of
Spaine hath made a league with the Turck for five years ;
that before this the Emperor had attained a league of eight
yeares : wherefore the King of Spaine wil be busy in other
places as your Lordship shall understand by the letters inter-
cepted. Thus I leave to trouble your Lordship with ray
scribled letters, beseeching the Almighty God, that it may
please him to strengthen your Lordshipp, and to prosper all
your good endeavours.
From Enchusen, this 26th of Julie, 1577.
Yom' Lordshipp's most humble at commandement,
Daniel Rogers.
The Prince is marvelous gladde of the newes herein con-
tayned, and especially because he having followed and ob-
served the peace, Don Juan shal be knowen to have broken
it, which wil serve to declare his innocency and bring Don
Juan into the greater hatred with al men.
Right honourable, I have upon occasion of such newes
as are come out of the Low Countries commended Colonell
1577.] THE INFECTION AT OXFORD. 61
Chester unto the Prince and the estats to th'intent, if the
Prince commends any Colonel! unto the estates general, his
excellency would have a regard to avance of him that way,
which I thought good to lettyour Lordshipp understande.
THE EARL OF LEICESTER TO THE EARL OF SUSSEX,
My good Lord, I have shewed your letter to her Majesty
who did take your great care to have her welcome to your
house in most kind and gracious part, thanking your Lord-
ship many times : albeit, she saith very earnestly, that she
wil by no meanes come this time to Newhal, saying it were
no reason, and less good manners, having so short warning
this year to trouble you ; and was very loth to have come
into these parts at al, but to fly the further from the infected
places, and charged me so to let your Lordship know • that
by no means she would have you prepare for her this time.
Nevertheles, my Lord, for mine own opinion, I believe she
will hunt and visit your house, coming so neer. Herein you
may use the matter accordingly, since she would have you
not look for her.
And now my Lord, we all do what we can to persuade
from any progress at all, only to remain at Winsor, and
therabouts. But it much misliketh her not to go somewhere
to have change of air. So what wil fall, yet I know not but
must like to go forward, since she fancieth it so greatly her-
self. The infection at Oxford and the countrey falleth out
to be onely at the assizes gotten ;* for none others either
* This strange infection happened upon the hearing of the cause of
one Jenks, a seditious bookseller, when on a sudden, almost every one
that were present in the court fell sick and died within forty days ;
as namely Bell, the Lord Chief Baron, Sir Robert Doyley, Sir William
Babington, Doyley, the High SherifF, and many others of the best
(i'2 THE INFECTION AT OXFORD. [jULY,
of the towiie or countrcy arc touched, but those present there
at the gaol delivery. And of all that fel sick, few recovered,
nor any that keepeth them or cometh to them take any infec-
tion at all. And so God keep your Lordship as I wish my-
self.
In hast, this 30th of July.
Your Lordship's assured,
R. Leycester.
W. FLETEWOOD TO LORD BURGHLEY.
Right honorable and my very good Lord, yesterday being
Monday was the Mercer's feast, where were the Master of
the Rolls, Sir Thomas Gresham, Sir William Damsell, and
Mr. Sackford of the privy-chamber. And there were we all
very merry, and then (as the manner is) we fell a talking from
one matter to another, untill we came to your Lordship being
at Buckstons.' And I tolde them then that I was to wTite
privately to your Lordship ; and they requyred me all to com-
mend them unto your good Lordship ; at which time the
Master of the Rolls (who is no wyne chinker) did drink to
yom- Lordship a bowle of Reynishe wyne, and then Sir
Thomas Gresham drank another, and Sir William Damsell
the third, and I pledged them all. At the same feast, Sir
Leonell Duckett was chosen master, and dynner being done
(as the order is) we brought the master home to his howse,
where we had a great and a royall bankett.'' And that done,
I walked to Powle's to learne some newes, where came sodenly
into the church* Edmond Downyng; and he told me that he
quality in the county, as Wenman, Harcourt, Fittiplace, etc. There
was this also peculiar in this infection, that no women nor children
were seized by it. The papists represented it as a miraculous visi'
tation of God upon their persecutors.
' Buxton. ^ Banquet.
* St. Paul's was the great resort of idlers, news-spreaders, and news-
gatherers. See vol. i. p. 347, note.
1577.] THE INFECTION AT OXFORD. 63
was even then come out of Worceslershire, and that my Lord
Chief Baron died at Sir John Hubard's howse, and that he
is buryed at Leicester. And he said that the common speache
of that contrey is, that Mr. Seijaunt Barham shold be dead
at Worcester ; but that is not certen. The like report goeth
of Mr. Fowler, the clerk of the same circuit. He told me that
Mr. Davers, Mr. Doyly the uncle, and Sir Roberto his
nephew, Mr. Thomas Wayneman, Mr. Symon Harcourt, Mr.
Babington, Mr. MychaellNasshe,and a number of other gent
that were at the gaole- delivery at Oxon, are all dead.
The inquest of lyfe and death are almost all gone. Such
clerks, servants, and yong gent, being schollers, as were at
the same gaole delivery, are either dead or in great danger.
Mr. Solicitor's sonne and heire, being brought home to his
father's howse at Woodstocke, lyeth at the mercy of God.
Mr. Attorney's sonne and heire was brought very sick from
Oxon to his father's house at Harrow, where he hath bene in
as great danger of death as might be, but now there is some
hope of amendment. The gaole-delivery of Oxon (as I am
told) was kept in the town-hall, a close place, and by the in-
fection of the gaole (as all men take it) this mortalitie grewe.
This muche for yesterday's newes, being Monday.
Upon Sonday last I rode over to Harrow to see Mr. At-
torney's sonne, where I found Mr. Attorney and Mrs. Ger-
rard and all theire household in helth, saving the yong gent,
who I trust is on the mending hande.
Upon Saturday last, in the afternoone, we had an oyer and
determiner in the Guyldhall, the which we use to hold in the
vacation tyme to kepe the people in obedience. There was,
besides us of the city, Mr. Southcott and Mr. Leiftenant.
Upon the forenoone I sate in the Duchie, where I did arraine
a cutler, a neighbor of your good Lordship, for bawdery.
Thus much shall serve for the occuiTents of Saturday.
Upon Fryday last we had muche busines. The subsidy
for the borough of Southwark was sytt upon, and the subsidy
for Middlesex, and the musters, were sitt upon at the Justice-
64 POLICE INTELLIGENCE. " [jULY,
hall. There were two letters considered of that came from
the Lords of the Councell : the one touching the number of
ale-houses in Middlesex and Dover haven, &c. ; and the
other for the avauncing of archery, &c. The same day we
examined certain roogs and masteries men. This shall suffise
for Fry day.
Upon Thursday there was nothing ado, but preaching of
sermons, and at my parishe churche the Deane of Chester
did preach. And thus much for Thursdaye.
Upon Weddensday was arrayned in the Guyldhall one
Hayward, an imbrotherer, a servant of my Lord Went-
worthe's ; at which tyme the statute made in the 18th of this
Queue for the supposed father's getting of children was put
in execution, th'example wherof will do muche good here
in London. This shall suffise for Weddensdaye.
Upon Tuesday we had little or no busines, saving that the
shomakers of London having builded a faire and a newe
hall, made a royal feast for theire frends, which they call
theire howse-warming.
Upon Monday here fell a mischance betwene two of my
Lord Chamberleyn's men, and the one of them was killed in
Powle's churche-yarde. Thus much for Mondaye.
Peradventure your Lordship wold knowe how myself is
occupied. I am in very deed, my Lord, at the presente, at the
request of dyvers of my frends, setting downe an order how
justices of peace shall use themselfs in theire offices.* I am,
thanke God, in the middest of my travell, and I hope within
this month to make an end, for I have collected all my matter,
and it wanteth nothing but good disposition. Thus most
humblie I take my leave of your Lordship. At Bacon Howse,
in Foster-lane in London, this 30th of July, 1577.
Your Lordship's most humble,
W. Fletewood.
* This book was printed in 1657;, under the title of " The Office of a
Justice of the Peace." 8vo.
1577.] STATE OF SCOTLAND. 05
SIR ROBERT BOWES* TO SIR FRANCIS WALSINGHAM.
It maye please your Honor, your packett to the Regent,
with a letter to myselfe for convoy of hawks, sent by his
Grace to my Lord of Leicester and yourselfe, I received yes-
terday ; and this day I have sent that packett to his Grace.
The Regent hath sent hither four casts of Scottish fawcons,
whereof two casts are to come to my Lord of Leicester, one
to my Lord of Hunsdon, and another to yourselfe, all which
I have sent forwards by myne owne servant, that shall bryng
them, I trust, safely as they be directed.
By former advertisements I have signified by intelligence
gyven me, that the colonell and captains of the Scottish
bands in Holland, upon the casshing of the same, were enter-
tayned with pension by Don John.
I might, therefore, by the generalitie, suspect both Captain
Bawfowre (whom you call Baford) late colonell of those
bands, and also Molyns, whose name I suppose is Harratt.
But fyn ding the grace gyven to Bawfowre by her Majestic, with
your owne good opinion towardes hym in your last letter, I
condempne my judgement towards hym, and still contynue
in suspicion of Molyns.
Their doyngs herein may most readily be discovered where
they served, and here I will do myne endeavor to sound and
fynde out the same, the best I can.
The Regent kepeth good helthe, declaring hymselfe well
affected to followe her Majestie's course in all fortunes ; he is
greatly disquiet by the incessant spoyles on the seas, which
might seeme to be practised to breake the amytie of the
realmes. He hathe much to do, to pacific the mynds of that
people, being greatly alienated, and almost desperate of re-
dresse.
There is no further mention of matters of religion sithens
my coming from thence, but matters lying over in myslyking,
and that nation not destitute of malecontents. There be some
* Sir Robert Bowes was now ambassador in Scotland.
VOL. II. F
66 THE PLAGUE IN LONDON. [SEPT.
that wislie change of government, which in the scarcity of
fitt heads to enterprise the same, is still lyke to be yet de-
ferred.
The Lord Seaton with unaccustomed bravery is departed
towards the Spawe for his helthe. The favom'ers of their
Queue do say that oportunity well serveth in these dayes to
worke her good ; but they groane to fynd that procede and
prosper no better.
The Cannes* have bene at Edenburghe at a lawe-day to
pursue the slaughter of a Carre, slayne by the Rotherforthes,
and the Turnbulles, (whom the Lord Angus semeth to favor,)
but the matter is adjourned to a newe day.
The Lord Maxwell contynueth in warde, upon suspicion
of intent to arise troubles on the borders. Thus ceasing
further to trouble you untill newe occasion, and wishing shortly
to heare from you in the cause commended unto you by her
Majestic to be delyvered to me, I pray God preserve you
in honor and contynuall wellfare. Barwicke, the second of
August, 1577.
Your Honor's wholly at commandement,
Robert Bowes.
W. FLETEWOOD TO LORD BURGHLEY.
My very good Lord, upon Michaelmas-day at night, Mr.
Thomas Dudley shewed me the end of my Lord his master's
letters, what fault he found with the Duchie touching the
plague. His Lordship offred very honorablie to give as
muche as any shold give for the relief of the sick. He
threatened Ledsham the bailiff, who is his man, to pluck his
coat from his back, and to j)unish him otherwise for his
negligence. And yesterday, at my Lord Maior's, at dyner,
the Master of the Rolls privatelie shewed unto me the end of
your Lordship's letters, much to the same effect that my said
* The Cars were a border clan.
1577.] LONDON NEWS. 67
Lord's were of, but there, instead of Ledsham, your Lordship
touched me. My very good Lord, I have weekly myself sur-
veyed the Duchie, and have taken that order there, that if the
like had been executed elsewhere, I thynk the plague had not
so greatly increased as this last week it did- And trulie, my
Lord, I did twise passe with all the constables betwene the
barres and the tilt-yard, in both the liberties, to see the
howses shutt in. The Master of the Rolls is very wise and
circumspect, and I a very foole, for I am sure T did go my-
self to see things effectually done into such places as (be it
spoken without offence) neither he nor my cousin Holcroft
the bailiff wold or durst do.
Upon Thursday last, Mr. Garter and Northway,' not as
kinges but as frendes, with Mr. Thomas Pole, and myself,
were at Romford at the burying of Mr. Cade of the Duchie,
which did weare blacks. At dyner, Mr. Pole taryed not, for
he had taken a great surfett with eating of fresh pork the day
before at the Musters. The Deane of Powles preached. At
the sermon was my worshipfull friende Mrs. Cook of Gwydy-
hall, and her gentelwomen and trayne, but she wold not tary
dyner. Katheryn Carus, the late justice's wiffe, my contry-
woman, with all her pryde and popery, is this week gone (as
I trust) to God. She died in Bishop Thirlby's chamber in
Mr. Blackwell's howse in the Black-fryers.
Your Lordship may think it strange that yesterday morning
at four of the clock I was at London, and at seven with
Mr. Secretary, and then againe at London with the Master of
the Rolls at my Lord Maior's at dyner, where I sawe your
Lordship's postscript touching the Duchie.
The citie do use to allow me horses to the court ; they
provyded for me posters betwene London and Waltham, and
according to their posting pace, I used them betwene Lon-
don and Wyndsor.
At my Lord Maior's there dyned the Master of the Rolls,
Justice Southcot, Sir William Damsell, Mr. Levetenant, Sir
' Norroy.
p2
68 STEWARDSHIP OF FARNHAM. [SEPT.
Rowland Hay ward, Mr. Justice Randoll, Alderman Pallison,
and myself.
After dyner, we heard a brable betwene John Wotton and
the Levetenant's sonnc of the one parte, and certain freholders
of Shordyche, for a matter at the theater. I mistrust that
Wotton wil be found in the fault, although he complained.
My Lord Treasurer, that dead is, gave me the Stuardship
of Farnham Ryall besides Wyndesor, after the death of Mr.
John Nudigate. The fee is 20s. per annum. Mr. Receyver
of the Duchie wold nedes have it from me. My Lord gave
me faire wordes and promises that I shold have a better in
Buckinghamshire. I yielded up my patent to my Lord, and
after w^as faync to kepe the court myself untill Mr. Receiver
had gotten a sufficient Deputy. My Lord, it is now void,
and if it may stand with your Lordship's favor to let me have
it againe, I will assure your Honor I will deale trulie between
her Majestic and her tenants, and accompt myself most boun-
den (as I am indeed) to your Lordship. My Lord, I w^as
once Stuard of Set, Helen's tenure in Dochett, hard by Wynd-
sor. John Thomworth wold never cease untill he had wTong
it out of my handes, and that was done by the counsell of
Ockam, who was the chief director in those things.
My fellow Lloyd told me that your Honor's pleasure was
that I shold wTite of such things as fell out here, and there-
fore I am the bolder to let your Lordship to understand of
things that are but mere imaginations. My said fellow Lloyd
is wonderlull well liked of here amongst us.
Upon Tuesdie last my Lord Keper cessed us the Com-
missioners, even as we were cessed before, and gave us the
same allowance for complaints that we had the last tyme.
There is a broile of excommunication betwene the Archb.
of York and the Mynster of Duresme about the visitation.
I think my Lord Archb. is in the wrong. My Lord Keeper
gramiteth forth a commission for the same cause. The ru-
mor is here that Mr. Justice Sowthcotor Mr. Jeffcries shal be
Chief Baron. The talk gocth here also, that Mr. Captain of the
1577.] LONDON NEWS. 69
Gard* and Mr. Doctor Wylson, shal be of the counsell, the one
Vice-Chamberlayn, and the other Secretary. It is also said
that the Master of the Rolles, Mr. Horsey, Captain ofWyght,
Mr. Dyer, and Mr. Doctor Lewys, shall be of the privy coan-
cell. These matters have occupied Powles all the last week.
Every honest man here is desirous that her Majestie shold
aide the Prince of Orange. Sir John Clyfton's wife, my
contriewoman, is dead in child-bed. He is a sorrowful man.
She was the virtuousest lady that ever I knew to come either
out of Hornby or Lathom. I wold to God her sisters had ben
like her. Sir John Clyfton is presently at Elyng Parsonage,
near Braynford, which was once your Lordship's, with my
cosen William Fletewood, who maried wydow Copston, being
Sir John's syster.
The session is at Newgate to-morrow ; the gaole is full.
At the last sessions there were executed eightene at Tybome,
and one Barlow, borne in Norfolk, but of the house of the Bar-
loos, neare Manchester, in Com. Lane, was pressed. They
were all notable cut-purses and horsstealers. It was the
quietest sessions that ever I was at. There were no more
justices but my Lord Maior, Sir William Damsell, and my-
self There was playne dealing, and neither favor nor parti-
alitie. They were the most notable theefs in this land. The
court was at Wyndsor. There was not any reprieved.
My Lady Alyngton is here in London, sick. Here be no
noblemen, but my Lord Wentworth. Thus most humbly I
take my leave of your good Lordship. This first Sonday
after Michaelmas, at Bacon House in London, 1577,
Your Lordship's most humble,
W. Fletewoode, Recorder
* Sir Christopher Hatton.
70 THE MARQUIS OF HAVERC. [NOV.
W. FLETEWOOD TO LORD BURGIILEY.
My very good Lord, yesternight being Saterday, Mr. Doc-
tor Masters supped with me, and did a message from your
Honor unto me touching a robbery, by the same token that I
had not writen to your Lordship of a long tyme. The thieves
that committed this robbery are vrell known to the justices
of Newgate ; they have enjoyed the benefitt both of the
Queue's general pardon and speciall. If they come near
this citie, I am sure to have them.
My good Lord, this last week the Marquis of Haver* was
right honorably feasted upon three severall dayes by the
Lord Maior and the two Sheriffs. Although Mr. Sheriffs
made unto him two notable feasts, yet my Lord Maior did
farr surmount them. At my Lord Maior's and Mr. Sheriff"
Bacchus', the Marques and his company were very mery, and
told us many stories, how convenient it was that there shold
be amitie and alliances betweene England and Flaunders.
But at Mr. Sheriff* Bowyer's the Marquis and his companie
were very sadd, and used nothing the like mirthe as they did
before. In his retinue there is a talle yong fellow that is a
fiyer, and, as it is said, confessor to the Prince of Orange his
Sonne in Spayne. This fryer is a very busie inquisitor of
every thing ; he useth to go to the lectures, and hath his
trenchman with him. He frequenteth the Royall Exchange
and Powle's, fense scholes, daunsing scholes, bowling allyes,
and the shoting pricks, and also the beare-bayting at Parrys
Garden, and all other places where he male learne or see any
noveltie.
Anthony GwaiTas required me very eniestlie that your
Lordship wold vouchsafe to remember him ; his onlie hoj^e
and trust is in your Honor, (as he said). I answered him I
knew not his case, and therefore I wold advise myself very
well ere I dealt in a matter that I knew not. By a late ex-
* The Marquis of Havrec and Adolph Metherk were sent over by
the States to borrow money of Elizabeth, and to obtain all other aid
they could. See in Camden an account of the confederacy which was
formed with them.
1577.] ANTHONY GWARRAS. 71
animation, taken by me, of a man of his called Damian Dela,
(which I did by Mr. Secretarie's commandement,) I finde
that he hath not a groate to bless him withall. His yerelie
pension from King Phillip is 500 ducketts, the moitie where-
of hath bene stayed by the Treasurer of Arragon these three
yeres, and th'other moitie this twelve monthes. His house-
hold stuff is not worth 40,9. He is in mine opinion Iro pau-
2)erior, and were it not that libertie is swete, I know not where
in his owne country he shold have the like entertainment. I
beseech your Honor, pardon my boldnes for dealing in this
matter, wherin it doth not become me to medelL
I had forgotten Sir Thomas Gresham, Sir William Damsell,
Mr. Lievetenant and others of like calling, were invited to
accompany the Marquis of Haver, but they came not. The
Marquis was very desirous to have seen the ladies of our
citie, but they had no great devotion to see him.
Ever sithens the week before Michaelmas, I have been
toiling almost both day and night in compounding a generall
table for the whole body of the common lawe, that I male
turne to anything at the first that is sett downe in our books
of the common lawe, the which work I have almost over-
come. This travell hath so withdrawn me from all things,
that surelie it was the onlie cause that hath hindered me from
writing any drearie matters of all this time unto your Honor,
but surelie, my Lord, in my foresaid travell I have found out
such strange and rare things in the lawe, that I never either
marked in reading, or heard any other tell of. If God had
blessed me with that leysure that others have that serve the
Queue, I could (with God's help) bring forth very straunge
matters. And now do I learne, after thirty yeres' study,
that our forefathers were marvelous depe and profound
learned men.
After that I had written, my very good Lord, the first page
of this letter, there came in one unto me, being the eldest
Sonne of Sir Thomas Lee, late Alderman, whom his father
hath disinherited. He told me he had a brother that is com-
72 ANTHONY GWARRAS. [jAN.
mitted unto perpctuall prison in Spayne, he suspcctcth the
colour to be religion, and yet he is a notable papist ; but the
cause is for that Anthony Gwarras, having bought a shipp
called the Clock, delyvered his brother eight score pounds to
cntertajTie manyners to serve in the same shipp against
Flushingers, the which thing his brother did not so well per-
forme as Gwarras looked for. He tells me for a certaintye,
that Gwarras every night after the day was past, had repair-
ing unto him at least twenty, thirty, or forty, that brought him
intelligence of all things that were eyther done, spoken, or
intended. His manner was to let them sytt or walke in his
hall by dark, without candel-light, for he never useth candell
beneath, but all above. And Damian his man was his cur-
rier, to call up every man. I will do the best I can to leame
who are Gwarras' spyalls, for I perceive now that Damian
told me not half that I examined upon. There was one
Frenche, that dyed of the plage within these three dayes,
that was his chief spyall, and also his bawde. This Frenche
had a very faire wife, quam exposuit to the styllyard men,
and sometyme to Acerbo and to others. She was daughter
unto one Ellys Halle, the which, about twelve yeres past,
came from Manchester to London as a prophet, and for that
cause was commytted to Brydewell, and there ended his lyfe.
This daughter of his is as notable a curtesan as ever was
Lais.
And thus, being over bold with your Lordship, I most
humblie take my leave. This Sonday at night, the 10th of
November, 1577. At Bacon Howse.
Your Lordship's most humble,
W. Fletewoode.
W. FLETEWOOD TO LORD BURGHLEY.
Right Honourable and my very good Lord, the cause why
I have not written unto your Honor a long tyme touching
1578.] ROBBERY AT THE LORD TREASURER'S. 73
the confederates that intended the robbery at your Lord-
ship's howse, was, for that I could by no means get any
thing from them by examination, although Croker very con-
stantly alwaies affirmed the same. The said Croker was a
condemned man, and of no creditt. But nowe, my Lord,
you shall see what is fallen out. Two nights past it came
into my head, as I satt in my study, to know what common
fasliion was kept in Smythfield and St. John's Street this
Christmas. And hereupon I sent my warrant to make a
pryvy searche ; in which searche were found a nomber of
masteries men, who were brought before me the nexte daye
to be examined, amonges which nomber there was one Yea-
mans, whom I knew not. All the residue wery well knowTie
unto me, with whom I toke order, but as touching Yeamans,
who had many frends to speak for him, my stomack grudged
agaynst him, and therefore I sent him to Newgate. There
were of the Queue's men with me treating for him, and in
the end waxed very warm with me, because I wold not dis-
charge him. This Yeamans, as sone as he came to Newgate,
and his name entred in the book, Croker standing by, affirmed
that Yeaman's name was called Bullays ; and it was he that
w^as sought for by Mr. Recorder, for that the same Bullays
could make declaration of the confederacy touching the rob-
bing'of my Lord Treasurer. Whereupon the keper of Newgate
brought him and Croker unto me, and in the presence of the
Queue's men and others, I examined him, and he hath con-
fessed, as by his examination herein inclosed, wrytten with
myne owne hand, may appere.
This Bullays, Croker, and Sweeting, that I kepe in Bride-
well at work, know nothing of any parte of your Lordship's
howse, nor are not acquainted with any of your family, but
as I can perceave, Pendred, the two Smythes, and Carles,
are acquainted with sundry parts of your Lordship's howse.
I beseech you, my Lord, let me know your opinion what is
now best to be done, for I meane once againe to examyne
them over, and then by th' advise of the justices to precede
74 POLICE INTELLIGENCE. [jAN.
against them at the next sessions, tanqumn coiifederatores
et insidiatores populi domince ReyiiKe. T beseech your Lord-
ship send me back this examination, if your Lordship mynde
that I shall procede any farther against them, because it
is subscribed with testimony. Thus most humblie I take
my leave of your good Lordship, this 7th of Januarie,
1577.
Your Lordship's most humble,
W. Fletewoode.
This twelfth day, my Lord, I kept my auditt for the
coseners. To-morrow I intend to do the lyke for the cut-
purses, that I may know what new be sprung up this last
yere, and where to finde them if nede be. And after them I
am to deale with the receivors, and gage takers, and melters
down of stolen plate, and such lyke. Here have 1 sent your
Lordship inclosed a mynute of the state and commonwealth
of the coseners.
SIR FRANCIS KNOLLYS TO SECRETARY WILSON.
I am here welcoming my frendes, which I do as Mr.
Tresorer, and not as Francis Knollys, but I must retume
to Francis Knollys agayne, when Mr. Tresorer shall depart
from me ; and yet this welcoming of my frendes doth not
so possess me, that I can forgett her Majestie's safety, the
which at this present doth consist in vigilfint care, in good
foresyght, and in tymely prevention of her Majestie's dan-
ger. And Saynt Pawle speaketh of faythe, hope, and cha-
ritie ; so saye I, that there remayneth vygylance, foresyght,
and prevention, but the chiefe of these is prevention, be-
cause virtue doth consist in action, and prevention is the
tymely action of vygylancy and of good foresyght.
Her Majestic knoweth that I am loath to offend her, and
I do know that her Majestic is loath to heare me ; and
indede my speache hathe no grace worthie of her Majes-
1578.] PERILS OF THE STATE. 75
tie's ears ; God hath denied it me, and therefore I am the
more silent, altho when I may be heard, as my grosse
memorie doth serve me, rather then my silence shold be
gyltie of her danger, I do utter my unworthie speeche unto
her Majestie.
I do know that it is fyt for all men to give place to her
Majestie's wyll and pleasure, and to her affections, in all
matters that touch not the danger of her estate ; but I do
know also that if her Majestie do not suppress and subject
her own wyll and her own affections unto sounde advice of
open cownsayle, in matters touching the preventing of her
danger, that her Majestie will be utterly overthrowne. For
who wollpersiste in gyving of safe counsayle, if her Majestie
woll persiste in myslyking of safe counsayle ? Nay, who
woll not rather shrynkingly (that I may say no worse) play
the partes of King Richard the Second's men, then to enter
into the odious office of crossing of her Majestie's wylle ?
The avoyding of her Majestie's danger dothe consyst in
the preventing of the conquest of the Lowe Countries betymes;
secondly, in the preventing of the revolte of Skotland from
her Majestie's devotion unto the Frenche and the Queue of
Skottes ; and thirdly, in the tymely preventing of the con-
temptious growing of the disobedient papistes now in
England to her Majestie and to her lawes, synce refusing to
pray for her Majestie, and also open treason, dothe follow e
there uppon.
And also if her Majestie wol be safe, she must comforte the
hartes of those that be her most faythfull subjects, even for
conscyence sake. But if the Bishopp of Canterburye shall
be deprived, then up startes the pryde and practise of the
papistes, and downe declyneth the comforte and strengthe of
her Majestie's safety. And then King Richard the Second's
men woll flock into courte apace, and woll show themselves
in theyr colors. From which cumpanye the Lord blesse
her Majestie, and the thynking thereon doth so ahorre me,
that I am more fytt to dye in a pryvate lyfe, than to live a
7(y liATTLE OF GEMBLOURS. [fEB.
courtier, unless a preventing hart may enter into her Majestic
betymes.
At Greys, the 9th of Januarie, 1577.
P.S. I pray you hyde nothyng of my letter from her Ma-
jestic.
SIR FRANCIS WALSINGHAM TO RANDOLPH.
Sir, this night we have received advertisement of th'over-
throwe of the States' Campe,"^ wherefore among other things
it will be thought requisite that you use as much diligence in
your journey as may be, whereof I have thought good to give
you knowledge, to th'end you may dispose of your things
accordingly. And now you may make accompt that her
Majestic will not sticke at money, considering how muche it
standeth her uppon to assure Scotland. Thus I commit you
to God.
From Hampton Courte, the 4th of February, 1577.
Your assured frend,
Fra. Walsyngham.
SIR FRANCIS WALSINGHAM TO RANDOLPH.
Sir, what the present state of the Low Countryes is you may
see by these enclosed and last advertisements from thence.
We are here now in dailie and earnest consultation what is
* The battle of Gemblours, gained by Don John of Austria, who
had broken the pacification which he had entered hito with the
States. The latter were thrown into the greatest consternation, and
the dissensions amongst themselves, and between them and their al-
lies, produced much confusion.
1578.] SCOTTISH AFFAIRS." 77
best to be done, in which generallie I see all my Lordships
inclyned to one course for her Majesty's safetye, if it please
God to inclyne herself to embrace and folio we the same.
After you have had conference with Mr. Bowes, and by
him shall be thoroughly informed of all things, who will also
acquainte you with that I have now written to him, I feare me
you shall deale with one whom you are to hold as a wolfe by
the eare, according to the old proverbe. Therfore I pray,
after you have uppon conference with Mr. Bowes well sounded
him, at large and with as much speede and playnnesse as you
can advertise hitherto in what good or badd termes you find
him, that accordinglie deliberation may be had here, and di-
rection given from hence to you there. Whether this man
whom you are to hold hardlie and dangerouslie do stand up-
right with her Majestic and her realm, or waver, or be cleane
fallen away, you are thought the most apt and likely man
either to continue him in a good course, or to reduce him to
the right way ; and therefore, knowing as you do how neces-
sary the amyty betwene these two crownes is, and how re-
quisite a person this man (held now somewhat doubtfull) is,
for the preservation of the same, though I wish you to write
speedelie and largely how you find him disposed, yet I would
not that yourself make any haste to returne hither, but rather
tarie there untill some good and sure league of amyty may
be concluded on betwene both realmes, wherin as my desire
is great, so is my hope no lesse, but by your good and dis-
creete dealing it wil be brought to passe.
By the next I shall be able t(3 acquaynte you with our
thorough resolution for forreyn causes.
In the meane time I praye God prosper your doings there
as may be to God's pleasure, her Majestie's satisfaction,
and the benefit of the two crownes.
At Hampton Courte, the 20th of February, 1577.
Your cosyn and assured fi-ende,
Fra. Walsyngham.
Commende me to my nephew e, Mr. Alexander Haye, and
78 SCOTTISH AFFAIRS. [fEB.
to Mr. Nicholas Glynston. In no case salute Captain Col-
burne, who is decyphered to be a Marianiste.
RANDOLPH AND BOWES TO THE TWO SECRETARIES.
(Edinb. last of Feb. 1577.— Extract.)
# # * *
It is not unknowne unto your Honors of what nature this
people is of, loathe to obeye, and ready upon anye occasion
to myslyke : it is incident also to autoritie that the hygheste
in place beareth the greatest blame. Of small sparkes are
raysed often tymes greate flames.
Myslyking there is of the Regent for his coveitous hu-
mor, and strayght dealing, where he maye either by lawe
or color gette anything into his hands, whereof he distribu-
teth agayne so lyttle, as fewe for services passed are rewarded,
or little given to any. Suspicion also there is, that under-
hande for his private affections he nourisheth the dyscords
amongst sondry nobles that many well deserve. This moveth
many bothe to liberall speeche, and maketh them wyllingly to
to take any occasion, that may be offered, be it either to his
discredit or displeasure otherwaies.
The Earles therefore of Argile and Athall being lately re-
conciled betwene themselves, and now joined in a stray te
league of fi-endship, greatly mysliking the Regent's govern-
ment, have lynked unto them some personages of the house
of MaiTe to favour their faction, which tendeth to some great
inconvenience, if in tyme it had not bene foreseen, and
remedy provydedby the Queue's Majesty our soveraigne.
1578.] THE REGENT OF SCOTLAND DEPOSED. 79
SIR FRANCIS WALSINGHAM TO RANDOLPH AND BOWES.
Sir, by letters received verie latelie from the borders, I un-
derstand of the deposing of the Regent,* which you wrote
of before was intended by the contrary faction. Their civill
and domesticall broyles come very evill to passe in this com-
bustion abrode: the tyme requireth an unitie and perfect
agrement rather in them that make profession of that trewthe
which is elsewhere impugned, and hathe somightie enemyes,
and so cruel warres in kindling against it in their dajes
amongest our fellowe members abrode.
Our unitie mighte be strengthe to ourselves and an ayde
unto our neighbours, but if we shall like to fall at division
among ourselves, we must needes lye open to the common
enemy, and by our owne faulte hasten or rather call uppon
ourselves our owne ruyne: both parts I knowe will and may
pretend mayntenance of the gospell, and entertaynment of
good amity with her Majestic and crowne. If the same be
performed indeede, and their effects be answerable to their
outward pretensions, they are like to reape the better fruite of
their actions, but yet it cannot be where offenced myndes are,
and displeasures conceived in the one against the other, but
there a thirde faction shall have the better entrance to worke
his purpose. And they that are entered into jealousie are not
so apte to joyne together as otherwise they wolde, if they
were soundlie affected one towards the other.
But it is greatlie to be doubted that the secrecies of this
* The unquiet state of Scotland gave much uneasiness to the Eng-
lish government this year. The Regent Morton had by his govern-
ment given great offence to many of the Scottish nobility, who accused
him of sacrificing every interest to his own avarice. He was deposed
chiefly by the meanes of the Earls of Argile and Athol, but he after-
wards regained in a great measure his former power, until, at the end
of the year following, the King assumed the government himself, al-
though little more than a child.
80 STATE OF SCOTLAND. [MARCH,
practise is deeper rooled, and bathe a farther intent in it,
then the removing of one man from his government, whose
carying of himself in his regiment could not be so evill as the
sequcll of this action maie bring danger.
The waie is easelie opened to division. Gappes and
breaches made in state, are not easelie stopped, and seldom
soundly. But seeing they are fallen into this inconvenient,
that they are now more subject to those inconveniences which
discorde and division breedeth, then before, it shall behove
them specially whom God bathe appointed watchmen over
that piece of his house, to mediate as much as they can that
unilie maie be mayntayned, that the profession of the gospell
and the free course thereof be not interrupted, that good re-
garde be had amongest them to continue their good amity
with their friends which make the same profession as them-
selves, that they suffer not themselves to be carryed by sinis-
trous practises to anie course that maie prejudice the good
estate thereof, whereuppon dependeth the welfare of the
cause of religion amongest them, and of the crowne and
realme.
And to this effect you shall do well to persuade with the
ministers and others, that are best affected, to be good in-
struments that waie, and to be very carefull thereof, seeing
they are so nigh to danger.
This I thought good to imparte unto you, for the good wish
to that state, and benefit of bothe the realmes, and the dutie
I owe to the advancement of the kingdom of God, and main-
taynance of the same within this isle, which God graunte we
may holde, and leave to our posteritie to be inherited and
possessed by them as the greatest andbeste parte of theyr in-
heritance. And so I leave you to the gi'ace of God.
From the Courte, the 16th of Marche, 1577.
Your assured loving friende,
Fra. Walsyngham.
1578.] TUMULT AT STERLING. 81
SIR ROBERT BOWES TO LORD BURGHLEY.
It may please your good Lordship, on Saturday last, about
sixein the morning, the Earle of Mar, accorapanyed with the
Abbots of Dribrough and Cambiskinneth and their servants,
ordinarilie lodged in the castle at Sterlinge, came to the castle
gate with pretence to go on hunting, and finding there the
master and his servants, the abbots called the master aside,
chardginghim that he had muche abused the Earle of Marre
his nephewe, and farre oversene himself in witholding the
custodie of the King and castle from th'Earle. The master,
after reasonable excuse made, founde that they pressed to
possesse the keyes and command the piece, and reaching
himself to an halberte, his servants came to assist him.
Driborough and some with him stayed the master. Cambis-
kinneth and his complices assaulted the rest, where Buche-
nan, one of the master's men, was sore hurte. After the fray
pacified, the master and th' Abbots withdrewe themselves to
the hall to debate the matter ; and Argile, being then in bed,
rose spedelye and came with a small number to the hall,
where, hearing that the master and th' Abbotts were in quiet
communication, he retyred himself to his chamber and arming
himself he assembled his servants, that with the master were
able to have overmached th'other. But the master being
then fially satisfied, Argile was sone after appeased, and then
y elding possession for th'Earle, they agreed at length to
remove thence and drawe to concord, specially to satisfie the
King, who of the tumult as is reported was in great feare,
and teared his hayre, saying the master was slayne And, as
I am informed, his Grace by night hath bene by this meanes
so discouraged, as in his slepe he is therewith greatly dis-
quieted.
After all this was ended, th'Earles of Argile and Marre,
the master, the two Abbots, and Mr. Buchanan, advertised
by their letters this counsell of this accident, declaring that
VOL. II. G
82 AFFAIRS OF SCOTLAND. [APRIL,
the parties were well reconciled, and persuaded the counsell
to proceed forwards in the coui'se determyned for the govern-
ment, as no such matter had happened.
Argile departed out of the castle, and he is nowe gone to
levye his forces, minding to retume within two dayes at the
farthest.
In this uprore th'eldest sonne of the master was so crushed
in the thronge, as he died the next daye. The master is
fallen into vehement disease, with daunger of his life.
Upon the coming of the said letters from Sterlinge, on Sa-
turday, about nine in the afternone, the counsell assembled,
and after some hot humours digested, they dispached Mont-
rosse that night towards Sterlinge, to understande and certi-
fie to them the true estate of the matter, to persuade quietnes
about the King's person, and to continue this present govern-
ment established untill the next Parliament. Montrosse,
after longe abode at the Lord of Levingston's house, came to
Sterlinge on the next daye, and was receaved into the castell.
He putteth the counsell in good hope that the matter is well
pacified, and that this government shall not by this accident
be impeached. Whereupon the moste parte of this counsell,
pretending to have the King's letters commanding their re-
payre to him, are departed this day towards Sterlinge. But
what shall ensue hereof is gTeatly doubted,
Loughleven being spedely advertised of the doings of the
Abbots, came the same day to Sterlinge, and with some diffi-
culty, as was outwardlye shewed, was let into the castle with
one servant, whom presently e he returned to Loughleven to
the Earle of Morton, and himself remayneth still in the
castle.
Th'Earle of Morton, upon the first advertisement, came to
Loughleven, dispached his servant to^ th'Earle of Angus to
put all his friends and forces in a readiness on an hour's
warning, and many noblemen being frends to these two Earles
have done the like. Nevertheless, they shewe no force nor
assembly as yet.
1578.] AFFAIRS OF SCOTLAND. 83
The Lords of the counsell have likewise levyed all their
powers, drawing some parte with all possible speede towards
Sterlinge, and leaving the residue in readines upon warning.
Some be of opinion that the counsell wil be readily receaved
and welcomed to the King and to all the castle, without fur-
ther change. And many think that by the meanes of the
Abbots, the Kinge shall cause them to retyre themselves to
their owne howses, till his pleasure be farther knowne ; and
in case they disobey, the same then to laye siege and take
the castle. That then the King will cause the Earle of Mor-
ton and other nobles to levye their power within the realme,
to raise the seige, and rescue his person from their violence.
What storme shall fall out of these swelling seas doeth
not yet appeare, but I think verilye within three or four
dayes it will burste into some open matter, discovering suf-
ficientlye the purposes intended. Wherein to my power I
shall seke to quench all violent rages, and persuade unity and
Concorde amongst them, which, if this sodaine chance had not
happened, might have easely taken place. Thus, referring
the rest to the next occasion, and with my humble duety
and service to your good Lordship, I pray God preserve the
same in honor and perpetuall felicyty.
Edinb. the 28th of Aprill, 1578.
Your Lordship's wholie bounden and at commandment,
Robert Bowes.
JOHN BARKER TO THE EARL OF LEICESTER.*
Right Honourable and my singular good Lord, my humble
dutie considered, etc. with the Jonas, theEmanuell, and other
* The noblemen of Elizabeth's reign speculated much in the foreign
voyages and trade. Many letters of the Earls of Leicester, Shrews-
bury, &c. are preserved, concerning their shares in these voyages, and
one or two are printed in Lodge.
g2
84 STUKELEY IN PORTUGAL. [jUNE,
shipps of London, who departed here hence a few days past,
I ^vYoit to your Lordshipp of the nedefiill, bothe of the estate
of this contrie, as also of your Lordshipp's busines that I
have to deale for, since the which there is small alteration
eyther in the one or other. As yet I cannot bring the prise
of your Lordship's pipe staves above 40 ds. per thousand.
There is not leftunsolde above sixtie thousand. By the vin-
tadge, I dowte not but to sell all that is here ; I have
sold none this 20 days, becawse I wold reere the prise, which
I will do if I maye possible. There is newes here of certain
hulckes which do come hither with tuns, as they say, through
the which as yet they do staye from buying, but if there come
none suche, then I dowt not but to sell the tuns that are left
at a good prise. I will, as neere as I can, God willing,
use all thinges to your Lordshipp's most profitt. I meane
to lade for your Lordshipp the first of the vintadge to the
valew of three thousand ducketts, and I hope we shall make
good employments, for that a more plentifull yere towards of
wines hath not bene scene of longe tyme. Oyle is dearer
then it was, by reason of great winds that hath bene in this
contrie, which hath beaten the berris off the trees. I do send your
Lordshipp in this shipp, the Mathew of London, two dosen of
cordevant skins, and two payre of silke hoose. I had eight
payre made, and none was to my content but this two payres.
I mean to go to Granada this somer myselfe, Avhere I will
provide your Lordshipp of those that shall be verie good, but
dowtless there is no good works made in this contrie. They
make things substantially, but nothing handsomely. Here
is not at the present anie news to write your Lordship, butt
that for anything we can understand, the Kinge of Portugall
dothe go for Barberie, and Stuckley with him. There is here
and in Jubelalter 40 gallies of the King of Sj^ayne's, staying
for his coming. As I can understand of anie other thinge
worthy the wryting, I will advertise your Lordship fiom time
to time, and not having farther to enlardge for the present, I
rest, praying unto the Almightie God to grant your Lordship
1578.] DEATH OF STUKELEY. 85
long life and good helthe, with much increase of honor, to
God's pleasure. From St. Lucar de Barameda, the 10th of
June, anno 1578.
Your Lordship's most humble servant,
John Barker.
DR. WYLSON TO
I have receaved letters this daie of the 1 1th and 12th of
Maye from Lysbone, wherby T understande Stewkeley's pm'-
posed voyage to Ireland is altered, to serve the King of Por-
tugale agaynste Africa,* muche agaynst his wyll, but the
King vs^yll have it so. Hereupon Stewkley hath sent a post
to the holy father, returnable in twenty daies, to declare of
this alteration. The King was moved at the first ' to ayde
this enterprize agaynst Irelande, and because the great galyes
that Stewkley came in did fayle, therefore he was desired by
the sayde Stewkley to ayde him with shipps, and other
thinges necessarie for the warres in Ireland, but the Kinge
answered that he was in amytie with Englande, and there-
ford wolde not deale that waye, but contrary wyse seeing hym
* Stukeley, with his Italian forces, at the encouragement of the Pope
and the King of Spain, landed in Portugal (on his way to Ireland)
just as Sebastian, with two Moorish kings, was preparing an expedition
into Africa, to dethrone the Emperor of Morocco, where they per-
suaded Stukeley to accompany them. There Stukeley is said to have
shown both wisdom and great bravery. On their arrival, he coun-
selled the kings to repose and refresh their soldiers before they ad-
vanced, but the King of Portugal was eager to pursue his object, and
in the great battle of Alcazar, in 1578, the Portuguese army was de-
stroyed, and Sebastian, and the two kings his companions, slain.
Stukeley also fell, fighting bravely at the head of his eight hundred
Italians, after he had been overpowered by multitudes. The old
ballad of Stukeley's adventures, already quoted, represents him as
falling by the hands of his men, who were enraged that he had taken
them from their hopes of Irish conquest, to perish by the hands of
the infidel.
86 MASS-HEARERS. [jULY,
to have good store of corselets and other munitions, with
shippes and men, hath seized upon hym and his company
to serve in Africa. And which the Queue's Majestie under-
standing, I do feare the shippes wil be stayed, although I do
thynk it most necessarie they should go to the seas to create
a terror to James Fitzmorys, and pyrates that are upon the
coast. Thus expecting your Lordship's coming, I will cease
to write more at this tyme. From the Court, the 14th of
June, 1578.
Your Lordship's most assured to commande,
Thos. Wylson.
It is thought the Kinge is now readie to sette forthe, his
Duchemen being come to hym abowte the 6th of Maye last.
WILLIAM FLETEWOOD TO LORD BURGHLEY.
My very good Lord, sithence my laste writing to your
Honor, it so fell out upon Fridaye laste that upon the banck
syde two fell owt, and the one charged the other with being
upon Sunday laste paste at Monsieur Malvesour's the Frenche
ambassador, at masse. The matter was brought to me.
By examination I found it to be trewe, and the partie of-
fenders wold not be knowenof anyone. But he sayd that there
were divers Englishmen there, whom he knewe not. Upon
Sunday laste I sent two or three thither to masse, and they
told me that all the doors stand open, and all men may come
in at their pleasure to the masse. This last Sunday, at after-
none, a Welshman of Brecknockshere, being an old servingman
and also being a stubborn rude fellowe, was there at masse.
I have hym in Newgate. He will not be knowen of any that
were there. He wold fayne have denied his being there ; but
my proof went too stronge. There was Lewis de Hays, a
Spaniard, who is a common dicer and haunter of tables,
1578.] LADY MORGAN. 87
and besydes a free denizen ; this man was at masse there. I
have told hym that I will inform the Lords of the Counsoull of
his misbehaviour. He cannot deny his being there. Dyverse
Englishmen were at the masse, but they tarried dynner at the
ambassador's, and were not sene to come forthe ; there was, as
I learne, secret intelligence given them. Don Bernardino de
Mendoza dyned at the ambassador's yesterday ; there was a
gTeate feaste and plentie of redd deer and other venizen.
Monsieur Malvesor's lady, his wife, departeth towards Fraunce
to-morrow, being Tewsdaye.
Upon Monday laste, the Frenche ambassador was all day
at Mordaunf s place, now St. Barthelmewe's hospitall, with
Monsieur Mendoza.
Peradventure there may some rumour come to your Honor's
hearing how that my ladie Sir William Morgan's wife, upon
Saturday at night, withowte anie man of her owne, accom-
panied with a gent of my Lord of Pembroke's, and one Mrs.
Cowt, went by water, betwene nine and ten upon Saturday
at night, from the Blackfryers to Buckhurst stayers, and
there landed and tarryed a pretty whyle. This being brought
to my understanding by one Iremonger, her Highnes' barge-
man, I caused him to go with me yesterday, being Sunday,
unto my Lady Buckhurste, to know of her ladyship whether
my sayd Lady Morgan that laste night before had been with
her ladyship or no. My Lady Buckhurste told me that she had
been there, and no further then beneath in the garden, and so
tooke her leave to go to Mrs. Altham in Essex, to her mother,
and I being thus aunswered, did satisfye my sayd intelligenser,
with greate thanks for his vigilant care that he had to her
Highnes, whose sworne servant he was, for he thought verilie
that my Lady Morgan was gone to the Frenche ambassador,
which fell not owte so, wherof I was very glad.
Here have we come unto us the Abbot of Dumfernling,
whom my Lord Maior and I appointed to John Dymmock's
house, in Fanchurche strete. My advise was to place hym
there, because it is neither nearc the water syde, nor yet in any
88 POLICE INTELLKiENCE. [jULY,
out comer, as Geraldie's lodgings is in the west, but in an
open strete, et hoc absque postica. Sui'elie, my Lord, if there
were no wiser men then I, all the ambassadors shuld be
lodged either in the Sadler's hall, or in the Mercer's hall, or
in the Grosser's hall, the which halles are all in the Cheape-
syde, in the face of all the world.
Upon Friday laste, my Lord of London, my Lord of Went-
worthe, and Mr. Levetenante, (but the Master of the Rolles
was absent) did assemble at my Lord Maior's, in assistaunce
for good order shewed furthe in the Lords' letters. Sir Thomas
Gresham, the Deane of Westminster, Mr. Justice Southcote,
Sir William Damsell, and others were wont to be of the
nomber. But surelie, I think these were forgotten at the
writing of my Lords their honourable letter. And even at
the instant writing herof, there be four students of the
howses in Holborn brought before me for being in the streets
yesternight, at seven of the clock, each of them with exceeding
verie long staves, and in the end of every staff a long pece
of a sworde blade. They are of good howses, and because I
feare my Lords our assistauntes wold be over hard with
them, being all under twentie yeres of age, I have, after
twenty-four houres imprisonment, shaken them uppon, and
sent them to their principalis to be better looked unto.
My Lord John Kirby, that buylded the faire howse upon
Redwell green, is dead; so is Fairfax and Bowes, all riche
men that died of surfaite.
I shewed unto my Lords our assistaunts those points that
yom* Honor in tyme past gave us for good order, playes, un-
lawful games, fence-skoles, vacabounds, and suche like to be
suppressed, with a vigilant eye to the playe, to the watches, and
to lay often privie searches. At our laste privy searches, Mr.
Fisher and I toke above sixty roges, being all of the countiie ;
we have sent them all away at their perils, and yet some
were well whypped. As touching Abraham the rider, if
your Lordship's secretarye had not come with hym, I assure
your Honor I would not have scne hym. By my next letters
1578.] THE BATTLE OF RIMENANT. 89
I shall send your Lordship all my mynd touching this matter.
Thus most humblie I take my leave of your Honor, at Bacon
Howse, this 21st of Julie, 1578.
My Lord Keeper, my Ladie, and all the howse, are come to
London this night.
Your good Lordship's most humble,
W. Fletewoode.
W. DAVISON TO LORD BURGHLEY.
My very good Lorde, since my last, wherin I advised your
Lordship of th'attempt and cold success of th'enemy uppon
the camp of the states,* we heare he hath withdrawen his
whole forces betweene Lovain and Tillemont, having sus-
tayned greater loss in that skirmish than was esteemed by
6 or 700 men, amongst which are divers whose names we can
yet (not) particularly learne.
* The following account of this attempt is given by Camden.
" Out of England were now gone over the seas John North, the Lord
North's eldest son, John Norris, the Lord Norris's second son, Henry-
Cavendish, and Thomas Morgan, colonels, with very many volunta-
ries, to lay the first foundations of military discipline. Don John,
burning in desire to charge upon the estates' camp at Rimenant, or to
provoke them to battell before all their succours were come together
out of France and Germany, posted thither sooner than was expected,
and when the horsemen that stoode centinell presently gave backe, he
pursued them with a hot and furious charge, as if he were assured of
the victory. But they soone resumed their courage, and repulsed Don
John's men, who, turning aside, endeavoured to breake through cer-
tain hedges and coverts, where the English and Scottish voluntaries
were quartered, but could not, being most manfully received by the
English and Scots, who throwing off their clothes by reason of the
great heat, fought in their shirts trussed up between their thighes.
Norris, the general of the English, fighting very valiantly, had three
horses slain under him, and got great commendations in this battell
by his martiall valour, as did also Stuart, a Scottishman, Bingham,
lieutenant to Cavendish, and William Markham."
This Bingham was Sir Richard Bingham, whom we shall find after-
wards distinguished in Ireland ; and Sir Walter Raleigh is said to
have been in his company at the battle of Rimenant.
.90 LOW-COUNTRY NEWS. [aUG.
To which repulse is since added the loss of Arschot sur-
prised yesterday morning by the Viscount of Gand, with 2000
horse, and 2 or 3000 footemen, who offering to assault the
towne within one parte, to draw th'enemye to the defence
thereof, the gates were opened by the burghers to ten com-
panyes layd in ambascado on the other syde, who entering
the towne put the garrison to the sworde.
The taking of this place, though it import little in respect
of the strength, is of some moment to the states, as well for
their reputation, as for the commodity of the scite, which
will avayle them much for annoying the rest of the townes at
th'enemye's devotion being upon the same ry ver.
The D. Casimire cometh very slowly forwards, having not
yet passed the Maese.
The French commissioners are appointed to depart this
day towards Mounts, ill satisfied with the dealing of the
states, who have remytted their determyned answer till they
heare from their provinces, without whose speciall direction
they pretend to have no authoritie to conclude aught in. this
behalfe.
The Duke's force are affirmed to be increased in Haynault
to 2000 horse, and above 4000 footemen.
The states of that province have utterly protested against the
request not long since presented to the archduke and counsell
of estate by those of the religion, and it is not without sus-
picion that they will use the same matter as a lawfull pretext
todisjoinefrom the rest of the provinces, in case they be not
seconded by them in their treaty with D'Alengon.
Other matter I have none presently worthy your Lordship's
reading, of whom I most humbly take my leave.
Andwarpe,the 8th of August, 1578.
Your Lordship's most humbly bounden,
W. Davisone.
1578.] TROUBLES OF SCOTLAND. 91
LORD HUNSDON TO LORD BURGHLEY.
My very goode Lorde, I wyll not trouble ye with any longe
dyscourse of these matters in Skotlande, because your Lord-
ship is to see Mr. Bowse's letter which I send herewith, only
I do send your Lordship here inclosed the articles of their
agreement. And surely, my Lord, if they had gone together,
as they had done if Mr. Bowse's greate travell and circum-
specte dealing had not bene, there had bene suche a slaughter
as wolde not a bene appeased in Skottlande this many yeres.
For the malyce of the Lords and theyr adherents, especially
the Wardens of Tyndale and the Marslie and theyr bands,
which was their greatest force and beste appoynted, was so
greate against Morton, and were so desyrous of revenge, as
it was a very harde matter to stay them.
They of the Marshe made them a standard of blew sarce-
net, and in it a chylde paynted within a grate, with thys
speeche out of his mouthe, " Lyberty I crave, and cannot hyt
have." They semed to answer under it, " Eyther you shall
have hytt, or or we wyll dye for ytt." So as though their ma-
lice to Morton was their quarrell indede, yet they made the
detayning the King was their colour.
My Lord, the Queue's Majestic hathenow bothe the sydes
at her devotion, and the party of Atholl and Argyle more in
shew then the King's syde, for the King's syde termes the
others Englishmen, becawse they were contented to put their
whole cawses to her Majestic, which the other Lords being
required of Mr. Bowse to do the like, Morton utterly refused
the same, saying that the King and hys counsell wolde ende
them. But if Mr. Bowes erneste travell, and some other
meanes had not taken place, it was very like that Morton had
bene harde bested, for although the King's syde were some-
thing more in number, yet were the others better chosen men,
far better horste and armed, and besydes few of them but eyther
for theyr owne cawses or their frends bare Morton a deadly
9*2 DEATH OF DON JOHN. [OCT.
hatred, and so were desyrous of revenge, which was but in
few of the King's againste any of the other Lords.
I pray God her Majestie do so deale now, having bothe
the sydes at her devotion, as she may kepe them bothe,
which sm'ely she may easily do if she wyll.
The King hathe sent her Majestie fyve caste of fawcons ;
I wolde be glade that her Majestie wolde remember hym with
some token.
Thus have I troubled your Lordship more then I meant to
do, and so commytting your Lordship to the Almighty.
At Barwicke, the 19th of August, 1578.
Your Lordship's assured frend,
H. HUNSDON.
LORD BURGHLEY TO THE EARL OF SHREWSBURY.
My very good Lorde, a few lynes, where the matter is not
unpleasant, may serve for a long letter. By letters which I
received within this three hours at London, I am certainly
advertised that Don John de Austria is dead of the plague,*
and the Duke of Parma chose lieutenant. The report of the
death of Sebastian, King of Portyngall and of two Kings of
Fess is trew ; a cardynall named Henry, of the age of 67, is
to succede, but he dare not take possession of the crown
untill the Pope shall license hym.f From my house at
Thebalds, 8th of October, 1578.
Your Lordship's assured,
W. BuRGHLEY.
* Don John died at his camp near Namur, on the 1st of October.
Other causes of his death were assigned.
t Henry reigned over Portugal two years, and on his death the
kingdom was seized by the King of Spain, and the next heir, or pre-
tender, Antonio, took refuge in France.
1578.] STATE OF THE LOW COUNTRIES. 93
SIR FRANCIS WALSINGHAM TO SIR CHRISTOPHER HATTON.
Sir, if it be good to have these countries possessed by the
Frenche and alienated in good will from the crowne of Eng-
lande, then have you returned Mr. Sommers with a very good
dispatche ; but if nothing can be more prejudicial! to the
state of the realme then such a resolution as may minister
just cause of alienation, then have you committed a most
dangerous, I will not saye an irreparable, error. For surely
these people meane no longer to depende upon your uncer-
taynties, who are the more grieved, for that they shall be
forced thereby to have recourse to a most perillous remedy,
such as may be termed 7nedicina morho deterior. We do
what we can to helpe the matter, and to stay them from
taking any degenerate course. We put them in some hope
that uppon our returnes, when her Majesty by us shall be
thoroughly informed of the state of their affairs, she will take
some other resolution, that shall be to their comforte ; which
though it breedeth some contentment in them for a tyme, yet
vvhen they weigh the uncertaintie of your former proceedings,
and howe subject they are to changes, and how dangerous it
is for certayne diseases to be relieved by uncertayne remedies,
they then despaire to receive any goode from thence. Her
Majestie shall never have the like occasion offered to do them
good, as she might by yielding the relief they demanded, the
estate of their affaires standing then uppon making or marring.
Seeing your proceedings with them of Scotland, by sending
away their ministers discontented, maketh me the lesse to
wonder at your dealings with those of these countries, yet
the consideration of both doeth give me just cause to thinke
that there hangeth over that realme, which hitherto hath bene
blessed under her Majestie's government with a rare quiet-
nes, some most fearfull storme ; and the rather I am led so to
conceive; for that I am informed by Mr. Sommers that no
prynce could be more faythfully and earnestly dealte withall
94 VARIOUS NEWS. [NOV.
by counsellors, then her Majestic hath bene by hers, whcrin
he telleth me no man could treate more effectually then your-
self. When the advise of grave and faithfull counsellors
cannot prevaile with a prynce of her Majestie's rare judgment,
it is a signe that God hath closed up her heart from seeing
and executing that which may be for her safety, which we,
that love her and depende of her fortune, cannot but with
griefe think of. Particularly my Lorde Cobham and I have
cause to think ourselves most unfortunate to be employed in
a legation that is like to have so hard an issue. But I hope
the world can witnes, that there lacked no good will in us to
do that which dutie and our calling required. Thus, wanting
presentlie any other matter to imparte unto you, T commit
you to God's protection. From Antwei-pe, the 9th of Sep-
tember, 1578.
Your very loving assured frende,
Fran. Walsyngham.
DR. WILSON TO THE EARL OF LEICESTER.
My verie good Lord, I tolde the Queene's Majestic of the
last ncwes I did write to your Honor, which was of her High-
nes' healthe, the which selfsame news I do write now to your
Honor, and praye God you maye stil heare none other newes.
As for myself, I have not bene wel synce your Lordship's de-
parture, and therefore the lessc able to advise you of things
most needeful.
The Frenche ambassador stil solliciteth the sute of Mon-
sieur, and Monsieur de Symiers, chief darling to Monsieur, is
thought to be on his way hither for that piu-pose.
This daic the Spanysh ambassador had audience of her
Majestic, but I was so evil disposed that I could not tarrie to
speak with him, and therefore I did not undcrstande the
cause of his coming. To-mon'ow the Portingale ambassador
1578.] THE DEAN OF DURHAM. 95
Cometh with a new commission from the new King,* as it is
supposed.
The meeting upon the borders betwixt the guardians of
Englande and Scotlande for controversies and disorders to be
ended, is put off by the Kinge from the tyme appoynted, being
the 8th of this monthe, until the 9th of December next, which
is much mysliked of our guardians.
I do sende to your Lordship the newes of the Low Countries,
suche as I received latelie, herewith inclosed, and with the
same several letters to your Honor. Amongst other things
I am informed that the Commissioners appoynted to deale
with the Deane of Durhame, can hardly agree amongst them-
selves for his deprivation, because he is no Minister lawfullie
made, whereas for other matters they are contented to deprive
him, and so he shal be in lesse hazard of farther losse, and
the Archbysshopp worse lyked for depriving a preacher.
The 15th of this monthe is the tyme of his appearance at
Yorke, the Commissioners in the meane season being smally
esteemed of some, and they that were most forwarde to ad-
vance it, almost defaced. This I write to your Lordship of
knowledge, which is not tolerable. I am right gladde that
my good Lord of Warwicke hath his health so well, which
God continew, praying you to do my humble commendement
to. his Lordship, to my Lord of Pembroke,t and to that good
ladie, his honourable wife,J for whose sake you are all the
merrier there, and so T bid your Lordship most hartelie
farewell.
* King- Henry, the Cardinal^ who succeeded Sebastian.
t Henry Herbert, second Earl of Pembroke, who succeeded his
father in 1570.
t The famous Countess of Pembroke, sister to Sir Philip Sydney,
and consequently niece to the Earl of Leicester. She was one of the
most accomplished women of her age, and celebrated by the wits
and poets whom she patronised. Her brother dedicated his Arcadia
to her.
90 d'aubigny, earl of lfnnox. [march,
From the Courtc at Richemonde, the 9th of November,
1578.
Your Lordship's most assured,
Tho. Wylson.
SIR ROBERT BOWES TO LORD BURGHLEY.
It maye please your good Lordship, at the last convention
at Sterlinge, the King by his minority revoked his former
graunte of th'earldome of Lennox, given to the Bishop of
Cathnes, and in recompense thereof, gave to the said late
Earle, then absent, th'earldome of March, continuing him still
to be one of the counsell, thereby to retayne his vote in coun-
sell and parliament for the advantage of hymself and his
friends.
After the King made Monsieur de Aubigny Earl of Len-
nox,* giving to him that earledome, and the custodie of the
castle of Dumbarton, which D' Aubigny had left in the kep-
ing of the Laird of Drumwhessell, former keper of the same.
D' Aubigny is also called to be one of the secret counsell, and
carryeth the sway in comle.
By the small assembly at this convention, it is adjoraed
unto the 10th of Aprill next, at Sterlinge. And because it is
suspected that the Earle of Morton had held sondry noble-
men back with himself, therefore the King will write more
earnestlie for generall appearance at the next. And that
party e at Sterlinge are bent to solicite all their friends to the
same, where it will appear what weather shall followe these
gioming clowdes.
» Esme Stuart, nephew to Matthew, Earl of Lennox, who was the
grandfather of King James, with whom he soon became a great fa-
vourite. *' The surname D' Aubigny had been used by the younger
brother of this family ever since 1422, when Charles VII. of France
granted to John Stuart the territory of Aubigny in Berry." — Lodge.
1579.] A PAPIST COMMITS SUICIDE. 97
The griefes betwixt th'Earles of Morton and Argile still in-
crease, the rather because it is latelie seen that Argile gave
to the King the late information against Morton, wherein Ar-
gile beginneth to discover himselfe more playnely than
before. And of these discords most men think that great
evil shall spring.
The agreement betwixt th'Earles of Morton and Angus
taketh no Aill effect, for notwithstanding the labor of the
mediators and the former towardnes, yet they can live
scarcely reconciled.
The poysoning of Atholl * is meant to be brought againe
into question and tryall, and sondry are of opinion that the
matter shall be discovered. The Earl of Morton, and many
with him, do earnestly withstand the returne of Sir Thomas
Carre into that realm ; and it is found strange that D'Aubigny,
being so nere in bloud to the King, should advance the call-
ing home of him that was present at the slaughter of the
King's grandfather and his uncle, f
March 29, 1579.
WILLIAM FLETEWOOD TO LORD BURGHLEY.
Right Honorable and my very good Lord, yesterday being
Sonday, at twelve of the clock, Nicholas Mounslowe, a draper
of this city, and brother to Alderman Kympton's wife, falling
into desperation, hath stricken himself into the stomack with
a knife, wherof he is dead. He lived an howre after he was
hurte, and was in a great desperation. A great payns was
taken to make him call upon God, and with muche ado he
called to God for mercy, and so departed and ended his life.
* After a reconcilement between Morton, Argile, and Athol, they
all met at a feast given by Morton, and Athol dying suddenly soon
after, it was generally attributed to poison.
t The old Earl of Lennox, murdered in 1571, while Regent of
Scotland.
VOL. II. H
98 SIR CHRISTOPHER HATTON. [aUG.
The idol that he took for his God I have sent here unto your
Lordshipp. It loketh rather like the figure of a divell, than a
saynt. Thus most humblie I take my leave of your good
Lordshipp.
This Monday morning, the 6th of July, 1579.
Your Lordshipp's most humblie,
W. Fletewoode.
SIR CHRISTOPHER HATTON TO LORD BURGHLEY,
AT HOLDENBVE.
My singular good Lord, I yield you as frendly and thanke-
fuU a welcome, as may be given you by any man, or in any
place in this world. I feare me, that as your Lordship shall
find my house unbuilt, and very far from good order, for
the newenes you shall find it dampishe, and full ofevell
ayre, whereof I pray God your helthe be not impeached.
Before God, Sir, I take great comfort of your most honor-
able curtesie, to visit your poore frend in so kynd manner.
I pray God I may deserve it by my trew service towards you.
I humbly beseeche you, my honorable good Lord, show your
opinion to the surveyor of suche lack and faults, as shall ap-
pear to you in this rude building ; for as the same is done
hitherto in direct observation of your house and plotts of Ty-
balls, so I earnestlie pray your Lordship that by your good
corrections at this tyme, it may appear as like to the same as
it hathe ever bene meant to be.
I beseeche you. Sir, use patience in your too rude enter-
taynment, and thynke how much he doth honor and love you,
that wold have wished it to have bene muche better and fitt
for so honorable a personage.
Your Lordship will pardon my lack of presence to attend
on you, because you know my leave cannot be gotten. God
bless you for ever ! my good Lord, and a thousand and ten
thousand tymes I humbly byd you welcome.
Mr. Secretary telleth me, he hathe wiitten at large our
1579.] DESCRIPTION OF HOLDENBY. 99
nevves unto you, and therefore I will no farther trouble your
good Lordship. Her most excellent Majestic hath good
helthe, God be praysed for it, and hath commanded me to
write her most gracious and loving commendations unto you.
Order is in part given to prepare agaynst Monsieur his coming.
And thus, my honorable good Lord, I humbly byd you my
dewtyfull farewell.
Greenewich, this 9th of August, 1579.
Your Lordship's most bound,
Chr. Hatton.
LORD BURGHLEY TO SIR CHRISTOPHER HATTON.
Sir, I maye not passe out of this good house, without
thankes on your behalf to God, and on myne own to you,
nor without memory of her Majesty, to whom it appeareth this
goodly perfecte though not perfected worke is consecrated ;
and all this I do in mynde largely conceive, and in writing
do meane but to touche, because I am hastened to Northamp-
ton, and I will reserve matter to enlarge at my retume to
yourself. I came yesterdaye in the afternone to your house
with Sir Walter Myldmay, who came with very good will to
visite this house. I was first met on the waye with Mr. Cols-
hil and your good uncle Mr. Saunders, your cosen Mr. Tate,
and others, and then with a great multitude of your gentilmen
and servantes, all shewing themselves, as by your directions,
glad of my coming. But approaching to the house, being
led by a large longe straight fair waye, I founde a greate mag-
nificencie in the front or frontispiece of the house, and so
every parte answerable to other, to allure liking. I founde
no one thing of greater grace then your stately ascent from
your hall to your greate chamber, and your chambers answer-
able with largeness and lightsomnes, that truly a Momus
could finde no fault. I visited all your roomes high and
low , and only the contentation of myne eyes made me forget
the infirmyty of my legges. And where you were wont to
H 2
100 SIR PHILIP SYDNEY. [aUG.
saye it was a yoiigo Thebalds, truly Theballs I like, as my
owne, but I confesse it is not so good as a module to a worke,
lesse then a paterne, and no otherwise worthie in any compa-
rison then a foyle. God sende us both longe to enjoy e her
for whom we both meant to excede our purses in these.
Aud so I ende, with my prayer for her healthe, and thankes
humbly for her Majestie's remembrance of me her weake
spiritt.
From a monument of her Majestie's bountifulnes to a
thankful servant, that is from Holdenby, Queue Elizabeth's
memorie by Sir Christopher Hatton, her faythfiill servant and
counsellor, 19th Aug. 1579.*
Yours most assuredly,
W. BURGHLEY.
SIR PHILIP SYDNEYfTO SIR CHRISTOPHER HATTON.
Sir, the greate advantage which I have, by the singular
gOodnes and frendshippe it pleaseth you to shewe me, which
in truthe I do and have a good while reputed amongest the
chiefe ornaments of my life and fortune, makes me fynde
myselfe at as much disadvantage, when my hart, longing to
shewe myself gratefull, can present nothing which maye be
servisable unto you. But as I knowe, and have well founde,
that you do esteeme a true good- will of some valewe, in that
kynde only can I shewe myself, and assure you, that the litell
that I am is and shall be in all times and fortunes so to be dis-
posed by you, as one that hath promised love, and is bounde
* In the MS. which is only a copy, it is 1578, which would seem,
by the date of the preceding letter, to be an error.
t An account of Sir Philip Sydney's quarrel with the Earl of Ox-
ford, alluded to in this letter, which arose out of the overbearing arro-
gance of that nobleman, is given by Lord Brooke. See Sir Philip Syd-
1579.] SIR p. SYDNEY AND LORD OXFORD. 101
by deserte to performe it. This is all, therefore, I can saye,
though you lose me, you have me. As for the matter de-
pending betwene the Earle of Oxford and me, certaynly,
Sir, howsoever I might have forgiven hym, I should never
have forgiven myself, if I had layne under so proude an in-
jury as he would have laide uppon me, neither can anything
under the sunne make me repente it, nor any misery make
me go one halfe worde back from it. Let him, therefore, as
he will, digest it. For my parte, I thinke tying upp makes
some thinges seeme fiercer then they would be.
Sir, let me crave still the continuance of my happines in
your favour and frendshippe, and I will ever praye unto God
that, among those I most honor, I maye ever see you have
prosperous causes of contentment.
28th Aug. 1579.
Your Honor's to be commanded even by duty,
Philip Sedney.
THE EARL OF LEICESTER TO LORD BURGHLEY.
My Lord, my brother of Warwick hath wrytten unto me
how readily and wylling he hath of late found your Lordship
to further his reliefe, upon her Majesty's favourable and gra-
cious consideration of his great nede, which lately hath bene
by his frends opened unto her, and some meanes also, such
as your Lordship is made privy to. He and his frends shall
be much bound to your Lordship for the frendshipp you shall
please to shew him.
And I must for my part as hartely thanke your Lordship
for it, as for anything whatsoever were done to myself; and
ney's Life, in his Miscel. Works, Oxf. 1829, p. 16. The Queen in-
terfered without success, and Sydney retired for a while to Wilton,
the seat of his sister the Countess of Pembroke, where he composed
the Arcadia during- this temporary seclusion.
102 THE PAPISTS ON THEIR TIPTOES. [oCT.
to intreat you most earnest to persist in your good dealing
for him, as occasion shall serve, knowing indede his case, as
I do.
I hope shortly to see your Lordship, and to conferre more
at large in this matter with you. In the meantyme there is no
newes here to wryte, but such as was somewhat strange to
fynd; for I do assure your Lordship since Queue Mary's
tyme, the papists were never in that jollyty, they be at this
present in this countrey.
I have had homdproof uppona cause somewhat notorious,
even at my coming hither, which I wyll more at large ac-
quaint you withall at my returne. God of his mercye and
goodnes defend her Majesty from all their devices ! But, my
Lord, they be here, and so in more places here, uppon their
typtoes.
I protest afore God, I wryte this simply and plainly to
your Lordship, as manyfest causes doth enforce. Therefore
they were in tyme to be looked unto, I have now also another
request to make to your Lordship touching Thursey. There were
certayn tenants your Lordship was wylling should contynew
as they had done, saving which there be a couple that had
leases from my Lady Fytzvvilliams, that are very desirous to
contynew tenants still, uppon such consideration as shall be
thought mete by your Lordship, and for her Majesty's
profitt as much as any. This bearer, George More, shall
informe your Lordship for them, who hath bene an earnest
sutor to me to be a meane to your Lordship, being his very
dear frends ; and he hopes your Lordship wyll gyve him
leave also to attend uppon you for the same, and to declare
the sute more at large. And so I wyll take my leave of your
Lordship for this tyme, and commend you to the grace of God.
From Kenelworth, this Tuesday, the 20th of October,
1579. Your Lordship's very friend,
R. Leycester.
1579.] LEICESTER IN DISGRACE. 103
THE EARL OF LEICESTER TO LORD BURGHLEY.
My Lord, I have desired my Lord of Pembroke to excuse
me to you, and to pray your Lordship to helpe to excuse my
not coming- this day. I perceave by my brother of Warwyke,
your Lordship hath found the like bitterness in her Majesty
toward me, that others (too many) have acquainted me lately
withall.* I must confess it greveth me not a lyttle, having
so faythfuUy, carefully, and chargeably served her Majesty
this tvrenty yeres, as I have done.
Your Lordship is witness, I trust, that in all her services
I have bene a direct servant unto her, her state, and crown ;
that I have not more sought myne owne particular profFyt
than her honor.
Her Majesty, I see, is grown into a very strange humour,
all things considered, toward me ; howsoever it were trew or
false, as she is informed, the state whereof I will not dyspute.
Albeit, I cannot confess a greater bondage in those cases,
than my dewty of allegiance oweth. Your Lordship hath
bene best acquainted, next myself, to all my proceedings with
her Majesty, and I have ere now broken my very hart with
* "This anger of the Queen was occasioned at first by the French
match, that was agitating betwixt her and the Duke of Anjou, which
Leicester was much against, but the Queen seemed inclinable to.
Simier, the French ambassador, that wooed amorously for Anjou,
brought her into displeasure with Leicester, by reason of some things,
whether true or false, which he informed against him. Insomuch that
she commanded him not to stir out of the castle of Greenwich, and
had thought to have sent him to the Tower. But yet after a month or
two he seemed to be in better termes with her; being appointed with
the Lord Treasurer and some others to consider of the marriage.
But the Queen's displeasure brake out again towards the latter end
of the year, and as it seems upon the same occasion ; whereupon he
wrote this letter, intending that the Lord Treasurer should represent
his humble behaviour to her Majesty under her indignation. But the
letter, which he wrote at London, was not delivered to the Treasurer,
being then with the Queen at Greenwich." — MS. Note by Strype.
104 LEICESTER IN DISGRACE. [NOV.
you, and have offered, for avoyding of such blame, as 1 have
generally in the realme, myne own exyle, that I might not
be suspected a hinderer of that matter,* which all the world
desired, and w^ere sutors for.
I well understand from whence this cometh now, not for so
good a purpose as I meant then. But God judge them as
they intend ! I wyllbe found faythfull and just to her Ma-
jesty, no wTongs, dishonors, or other indignytyes offered me,
shall alter my dewtyfiill affection toward her, neither wyll I
acknowledge more good dealings at their hands, that have
bene causers of this, than dew respect to her Majesty shall
commando me.
I ever had a very honourable mynd in all my actions, as
neare as my capacity might dyrect me, (and with modesty be
it spoken,) toward her servyce in my pore calling. Even so
was it never abased in any slavish manner, to be tyed in
more than unequall and unreasonable bands.
And as I caryed myself almost more than a bondman many
a yere together, so long as one dropp of comfort was left of
any hope, as you yourself, my Lord, doth well know, so being
acquitted and delyvered of that hope, and, by both open and
pryvate protestations and declarations dyscharged, methinks
it is more than hard to take such an occasion to beare so
great dyspleasure for; but the old proverbe saythe, "they
that wyll beat a dogge shall want no weapon." This is a farr
fett ' matter to pyck to me.
The cause is some other, 1 must suppose, or ells my lyfe
is very wretched and unhappie. But why do I trouble your
Lordship with this matter } I meant only to thank you for
that you have done, and to friend me as in truth I shall be
found to deserve.
For her manner toward me, I may not find lacke, I know
what I have bene, and am to her in all humble dewty. She
may, perhaps, forthink her benefitts bestowed. So may I
* The Queen's marriaj^'-e. ' Fetched.
1579.] SPANISH EXPEDITION AGAINST IRELAND. 105
say, I have lost both youth, liberty, and all my fortune re-
posed in her ; and, my Lord, by that tyme I have made an
even reckoning with the world, your Lordship wyll not give
me much for the remainder of my twenty yeres' service ; but I
trust styll, she that hath been so gracious to all, wyll not only
be grievous to me.
God Almighty- dyrect her Majesty, and grant her many
and prosperous yeres, and your Lordship as well to do as
myself. In hast, this Thursday afternone.
(November 12, 1579.)
Your Lordship's thankfull frend,
R. Leycester.
DR. WILSON TO LORD BURGHLEY.
My verie good Lorde, I do send unto your Lordship the
letter written by the Maior and BaylifFs of Corke, which was
thought meete by her Highnes' counsell that you should see,
and yield your opinions of their demands, after the evil newes
reported of YoughiF to be burned, as they have written.
I have received a letter from Noremberg, the 3rd of No-
vember, written by one William Walker there, to his master
John Boorne, lether-seller of London, by which appeareth,
that one Doctor Christopher Ardecentions, a man of great
esteeme in Noremberg, did receave letters of a fresh date,
that the shyppes prepared in Spain are againste Englande
and Irelande,t and that the King doth all in the Pope's
name.
Mr. Secretarie Walsingham did send unto me the lettei*,
which I thought good to shew unto her Majestic, as occasion
might serve.
* Youghil was surprised and sacked by the Earl of Desmond.
t Winter was_, on this intelligence, sent out with a fleet to watch
upon the coast of Ireland, but hearing nothing of the enemies for
some time he returned to England. During his absence the Italians
and Spaniards, under San Josepho, landed in Kerry.
106 THE INVASION OF IRELAND. [APRIL,
Mr. Monson sendeth the warden of the fleete to the courte,
to knowe by what warrant he is commytted to close pry son.
I answered the warden that Mr. Monson doth busie hymself
too much to see his warrants, if it might suffice hym that
the counsel had given order by worde of mouthe ; neither
needeth he to shew his warrant to any prysoner, but onely
to have it, and kepe it to hymself, for his own indemnitie.
The bearer hereof came out of Irelande, and he desireth a
speedie answer.
Thus humblie and in haste I do take my leave. At the
Com-te, the 3rd December, 1579.
Your Lordship's most assured to commande,
Thomas Wylson.
SIR CHRISTOPER HATTON TO SIR FRANCIS WALSINGHAM.
My good Mr. Secretary, my zealous care for her Majestie's
safetie now fearflilly stirred up, with these evill newes of the
affaires of Ireland, doth give me dutifull occasion in my ab-
sence to write some littell of my simple opinion, though I
I know it needeth not, but only for my dutie sake. The long
exjDCcted mischief, maliciously conspired by the greate and
most dangerous enemies of her Majestic, and of her royall
estate, towards that kingdome of Ireland, is now, I heare, in
action ; wherein though that maxim of kings which contayneth
the counsell of Providence in this sentence, diihia pro rectis
deheunt timere reges, hath been by our gratious Soverayne,
and her most politick foresight, very gravely observed in
sending out six shipps to resist these intended traiterous at-
tempts, yet that direction, by their untymely and unfortunate
returne, contrary to order, having taken no place, we are
agayne and agayne to prosecute our course, (as of necessitie
we be violently urged) with a resolute perseverance of her
Majestie's most noble beginning, wherein there remayneth,
1580.] THE REALM THREATENED WITH DANGERS. 107
that her Highness, through her kingly courage, should timely
and victoriously resist this rabble of rebells and traytours, and
to let nothing be spared either of treasure, men, munytion,
or whatsoever els, to save that kingdome, being, as you knowe,
the principal! keye of her royall state ; by which means she
should crowne this her most happie government, with con-
tynuance of felicitie, over all her dominions.
In whiche greate and important cause, the best counsell is
according to the olde rule, to resist the beginning, and so, if
it were possible, to ende this mischief, before other her potent
enemyes myght find opportunitie to w^ork their malice uppon
us. For when we beholde the greate prosperitie of Spaine,
through his peaceable possession of Portingale, we ought
justlie to feare that his affaires being settled there in some
good sorte, he will then, no doubt, with conjunct force assist
this devilishe Pope to bring about their Romishe purpose.
Let us not forget that his sworde is presently drawen, and
then with what insolent furye this his victory may inflame
him against us, in whose heart there is an auncient malice
thoroughly rooted and ranckly growne for these many yeares,
apparentlie knowen to all men that do bende their eyes to
behold the course of his actions, and therefore we ought not
only tymely to forsee, but in tyme most manfiilly to resist
the same. In all which proceedings God's cause and her
Majestie's stand joyntlie to be defended; the consideration
whereof persuadeth me that there is no man that will spare
travayle or expence in any sorte to reduce them to good
order.
Cease not, good Mr. Secretary, to putt her Majestic in
contynuall rememberance of these perills, and with impor-
tunitie stirre up her most princely care over God's cause and
her owne.
How that matter in Scotland goeth, I do not well know,
but this rule I hold in all certaintie, that in Ireland and
Scotland the entryes and wayes to our destruction most aptly
be found. If there we safely shutt up the posterne gate, we
108 DANGERS OF THE STATE. [APRIL,
are sure to repulse the perill ; but if our enemy make himselfe
the porter, it will then be too late to wish we had the keyes.
Would God some wise man were sent with the grave
instructions of her Majestie to reclayme that countrie of
Scotland unto us.
The malice of France is there ever made up against us, and
of these myschiefs they are ever the executioners. Howe
they trouble us in Ireland, we often see and feele ; but if that
Kinge should be conveyed into France, and so governed and
directed by the Guysians, I dare not remember, much less
speake of, the daungers would issue uppon us. One thousand
pounds employed now in time might happily not only buy
her Majestie present safe tie, but undoubtedly save her the
expence of threscore thousand before many yeares. With
the disposition of France, which lieth nowe in her Majestie's
free arbitrament, I dare not meddell, for she only knoweth
what shall become thereof; so her judgment therein must
needes be most sound, which, in truth, maketh much to all
these matters before mentioned.
But if her Highnesse meane to many, I wonder she so
delay eth it. If she do but temporize, and will leave it at the
last, what may we looke for then, but that the Pope with
Spayne and France will yoke themselves in all ireftil revenge,
according to their solemnne combination, so long ago con-
cluded on against us.
Now, therefore, weighing the present accidents of the
world together in an equall ballance, howe hurtfull they may
be to the safetie of her Majestie's most royall estate, and pre-
servation of her most blessed government, first the weake
and broken estate of Ireland, then the uncertaine suspected
amytie of Scotland, the dangerous action of the French, tend-
ing to the subversion of the Protestants, the irrecoverable losses
and overthrowes receaved lately by the states of the Lowe
Countries, and the fortunate and victorious successe of the
King of Spayne in Portugal, I cannot but mourn in my hart
to see us besett on all sides with so great and apparent dan-
1580.] CRUELTY OF THE FRENCH CATHOLICS. 109
gers. I beseech God, continue her Majestie's most careful
and provident course to resist these so imminent evills in
good tyme, and to make us ever thankfull towards her for
such her most gracious and inestimable goodness confeiTed
on us herpoore subjects through her most kinglie care over
us. God blesse you, and so with a thousand thanks for your
honorable letters, I byd you most friendlie farewell. From
Hatton-house, the 26th of April, 1580.
Your poore friende,
Christopher Hatton.
DR. WILSON TO LORD BURGHLEY.
(Extract,)
I do sende you herewith such advertisements as I have
received out of France from Sir Henrie Cobham, together
with a letter from Mr. Secretarie. Yesterdaie, Monsieur de
Plessey was with me, and I do thynke this daie he w yl be
with your Lordship as he told me. He cometh with letters
to the Queene from the Kyng of Navarre, complayning
agaynst the harde and unmerciful dealing of Montmorency and
Byron ; for whereas certayne townes should have been de-
lyvered up, with promise from the King that in none of the
same townes any garrysons should be kepte, but be ruled by
their own burgesses, and to have the exercise of their reli-
gion, the Kyng of Navarre having performed this in some
small townes, Marshals Montmorency and De Byron, have
entered upon the same townes, kylled both man, woman, and
chyld, setting garrysons in those townes, and commanding
the Catholyke religion only to be exercised. Hereupon, the
Kyng of Navarre hath complayned, and myndeth not to give
up other townes of more strength without better assurance.
And herein he hath gott Monsieur to be his frende greatlie.
110 STATE OF IKKLAND. [AU(i.
who saytli, the King of Navarre hath reason with hym to do
as he doth, and that others are in fawlte and blame worthie.
I doubt not but your Lordship wyl hold a good hande in
this Godlie cause, and therefore I neede not to use fai-ther
speache. I do heare that the King of Spayne provydeth
mightely agaynst Portugale with all expedition, and that the
Portugales are as readie to make resistance. God graunte
right to prevayle agaynst might whatsoever.
I have leave for a fortnight to looke to my health, having
a greate heate there in my regnes. Doctor Hector pro-
mysing unto me speedie remedie by God's grace. I do
drynke mornyng and evenyng a fiill pynte of Tower-hyl water,
which doth me great good, and hath taken awaye the thurste,
wherewith heretofore I have been troubled. Thus humblie
and with haste I do take my leave.
At Saynt Catherine's, this last of Maie, 1580.
Your Lordship most assured to command,
Tho. Wylson.
LORD GREY TO QUEEN ELIZABETH.
It may please your Majestic, I am humbly to requyre that
my wyllyngnes be not examined by the small haste my late
arryvall here may seme to make hereof. Ten dayes was
I held at Beaumaris by contrarie wynde, and in the ende too
enforced to adventure a very scarce one, or els have made long
staye, which yet it pleased God to turne to the best, so as
after two dayes and as many nyghts sailing, I landed here
this moniyng. The state of your countrie here in generall I
fynde to be thus.
The Pale itself sore vexed, through the midutiefullnes of
Viscount Baltinglass and his associates, many of your sub-
jectes by them spoyled and burnt, which stuiTe wyll now be
the hardly er suppressed, having had head in the longest af-
forded it, and the good that is in hope to be done in them
1580.] STATE OF IRELAND. Ill
by Englishe bandes onely in manner is to be expected, the
chieffest of your Hyghnes' good subjectes having in mystrust,
or rather in dyspayring of theyr own followers. So contrarie to
my former pm^pose am I stayed from the west for the prose-
cutions of these, which indeede is so much the more perillous
action as it is nearer to the hart. Well, the event is God's
onely, but that somewhat is undertaken very shortely, I doubt
not but your Hyghnes shall heare.
The rebells in Munster hold on styll; yet this daye I
found it advertyzed hyther that James of Desmond, with
Sawnders theyr honest apostle, making into these partes to
have joyned with the rebells here, were encountered with by
one Sir Cormack MTeig, Lord of Muskrie, in the countie
of Cork.
The sayd James was taken, and a man of Sawnders hys, the
master escaping very hardly, unhappely ; sundry of theyr
people slayne, and the rest put to flight. An exploytt of great
avayle and worthely to be considered. It may, therefore,
please your Highnes to bestow some thanks on the gentilman
that performed it, with some rewarde, as not onely to himself
wyll be an encouragement to do better, but besydes stirre
others to emulate his service by showe of lyke endeavours.
By Sir Nycholas Mallbie, it seemeth that his countrie is in
doubt to be troubled by one Orwyck, backed by O'Donnel,
but yet hope of staye therin resideth.
I fynde by Capt. Piers, that Ter. Lenoghe seemes yet to
stande well devoted, and in good obedience to your Majestic,
howbeit that certayne Scottes be arryved in those partes,
whom he yet represseth from doing any outrage uppon your
subjects, having made proclamations in his countie that none
of his shall attempt any thyng that may be offensive to yom*
Hyghnes. In requytall therof, and for his mayntayning
herin, your councell here do lykewyse cause to be pro-
claymed the well-lyking of his dewtifull dealing, and no less
safetie and provysion for his. For all this, his assurednes
goeth not undoubted by reason of his wy fe, knowen to be a
11-2 SIR FRANCIS liACON. [SEPT.
pestilent instrumente, alltogetlier Scottisshe, and applying
all that in her is to direct hymfrom your loyal tie.
Your Majestie may thus see what uncertayne conditions
this yourrealme standeth in. Greate complaynte here of lack
of paye and vittayle; these wants surely during this tumultu-
ous season your Highnes must have care in time to be sup-
plyed, otherwyse beyond the industrie or reache of man it is
to performe any acceptable or expected service. Till it shall
please God to bryng thinges to better quiet, I cannot satisfye
your Hyghnes' directions for your accounts taking and certi-
fying of the same, neyther as yet is the auditor come, but any
pause gyven I wyll not, God wylling, be found slack therin.
For that I maye have occasion to yeld your Hyghnes suche
advertisements as the same, intercepted and knowen to others,
might bryng no small prejudice to your service, I thought
it requisite to devyse a cypher, wherby I might the more
safely betake unto you matters of most importance, which
here inclosed I send, humbly praying your Hyghnes to beare
with my ragged characters, which for secrecie sake I chose
rather myself ill-favoredly to sett downe, then to impart to
other's fayer draught. So most humble leave I take of your
Majestie, beseeching the Lorde of Lordes to guard, direct,
and prosper your Hyghnes, in person, spyritt, and all actions
ever.
Dublin, the 12th of Aug. anno 1580.
Your Majestie's most dutifull affectionate
subject and servant,
A. Grey.
MR. FRANCIS BACON* TO LORD BURGHLEY.
My singular good Lord, my humblie dutie remembered,
and my humble thanks presented for your Lordship's favour
* This was the great Sir Francis Bacon, afterwards Lord Verulam.
1580.] SIR FRANCIS BACON. 113
and countenance, which it pleased your Lordship at my being
with you to vouchsafe me above my degree and deserte, my
letter hathe no further errand but to commend unto yom'
Lordship the remembrance of my suite, which then I moved
unto you ; wherof it also pleased your Lordship to give me
good hearing so farr forthe as to promise me to tender it
unto her Majestic, and withall to add in the behalf of it
that which I maie better delyver by letter then by speeche,
which is that although it must be confessed, that the request
is rare and unaccustomed, yet if it be observed how fewe there
be which fall in with the studie of the common lawes, either
being well lefte, or frended, or at their own free election, or
forsaking likelie success in other studies of more delighte,
and no lesse preferment, or setting hand therunto early without
waste of yeares, upon suche survey made, it may be my case
may not seme ordynarye no more then my sute, and so more
beseming unto it. As I force myself to say this in excuse
of my motion, leste it should appeare unto your Lordship
altogether indiscrete and unadvised, so my hope to obtayne
it resteth onlie uppon your good Lordship's affection towarde
me and grace with her Majestic, who me thinks nedeth never
to call for the experience of the thinge, where she hath so
greate and so good of the person which recommendeth it.
According to which trust of myne if it may please your Lord-
ship both herein and elswhere to be my patron, and to make
accompte of me, as one in whose well-doing your Lord-
ship hath interest, albeit, indede, your Lordship hath had
place to benefitt many, and wisdom to make due choise of
lighting places for your goodnes, yet do I not feare anie of
your Lordship's former experiences for staying my thankfullnes
borne in hart, howsoever God's good pleasure shall enable
me or disable me outwardlie to make proof therof, for I cannot
account your Lordship's service distincte from that which I owe
to God and my prynce ; the performance wherof to best proof
and pm-pose is the meting poynte and rendez-vous of all my
thoughts. Thus I take my leave of your Lordship in humble
VOL. II. I
114 AFFAIPvS OF THE LOW COUNTRIES. [SEPT.
manner, commytting yoii, as daylie in my praiers, so likewise
at this present, to the mercifull protection of the Ahnightie.
From G. Inn, this 16th of Sept. 1580.
Your moste dutifull and bounden nephew,
B. Fra.
CHRISTOPHER HODDESDON TO THE EARL OF LEICESTER.
In Antwerpe, the 25th Sept. ] 580.
In Frislande all runneth backvv^ards ; th'enemy being
againe masters of the field, rangeth round about at his
pleasure.
Heoverthrewe of late two ensignes of Capitaine Michell's
men, where two Capitaines were taken, and thirty or forty of
the men with another capitaine slaine, and the ensignes lost,
but not without some losse of th'enemies' side also, for the
States men defended themselves stoutly.
This done, th'enemy presented himself before Siwell, with
shewe to have besieged the same, but understanding that
th'Englishmen were passing over the river to fight with them,
they retired back above three leagues.
They have also wonne Souoorden againe, which the
Dutche that the Count of Hollacque did put therin sun*endered,
delivering their capitaines and officers prisoners, and them-
selves being permitted to depart unarmed.
Since the overthrowe given to the States men at Nedden,
neither the Ruitters nor any of the footmen will abyde the
coming of the enemye; and the Ruitters lie close in the vil-
lages about Deventer, Zutphen, and those other townes, calling
for money. Of the Englishmen divers be sicke, for the countrey
is very wett, and the foode too harde for their complexions
and diet ; and being also without money or meanes to help
themselves, they are forced to live upon the boores, who are
1580.] SIR FRANCIS DRAKE. 115
all in armes, and where they can be masters either of the
States men or th'enemy do cutt them in pieces.
No townes will take in ganison, victualles are scant, and
dare not followe the campe for feare of th'enemy.
The Coimte of Hollacque useththe Almayne's exercise, and
hath lost the liartes of the people ; they of Utrecht having
commaunded him of late out of their towne with very evil
speeches. So that all standeth there in desperate termes, and
will to ruine if in tyme it be not remedied. To which ende
it is said the Prince within these three or four dayes goeth to
Utrecht, but it is feared will come too late.
The malecontentes in Flaunders have not continued in any
certaine place since the taking of Bouchaine, wdiich they
fortified, but range from place to place. Th'enemy make a
shewe towards Nivelles.
In Gaunt there was some practise of treason, wdiich being
discovered, tw^entie or thirtie are apprehended upon suspicion
to be of confederacie.
The doubte of the French aydes hath made the malecontents
to fortifie alongest the frontiers, and put all their countrey to
armes, having made forts of their churches, so as at the alarme
of their bells they are able to bring great numbers of armed
men into the field.
By letters of the seconde and fourth of September, it is ad-
vertised out of Spaine of the arrivall of twenty-two shippes
from the Indies, wherof sixtene came from Nova Hispania,
four from Havana, two from the Hundoras, and one out of
the South Sea, which passed the Straites of Magdalanus
in seeking of Frauncis Drake.* In the fleete is come 850,000
* Sir Francis Drake, the son of a sailor, bom near Tavistock in
1545, was brought up by the navigator Hawkins, to whom he was re-
lated. He died on board his own ship, near the town of Nombre de
Dios, on the 28th Jan., 1596. He was, at the date of this letter, on
his celebrated voyage round the world,from which he returned in Novem-
ber. He afterwards received a visit from the Queen in his ship, and was
I 2
11() THK LOW COUNTRIES. [oCT.
ducketts lor the Kiiigc, and a inillion and 300,000 duckctis for
the merchants, all registered, 6500 rowes of cucliinelo, 84,000
hides, and 6000 rowes of woll, great store of anel.
The fleete of Terra Firma is looked for presently, and bringeth
with it five millions of gold, and in the islande Tercera there
remayned five galleons that came from the Portingale Indies,
and seventeen shippes of Bresill and Santonia.
It is advertised also by the same letters of a battaile fought
in Portingall, betwixt the Duke of Alva and Don Antonio,*
wherin were many slaine on both parts ; the victory remained
unto the Duke of Alva his side, and Don Antonio fled, being
hurte, and accompanied only by six horses. The towne of
Lisbone, with the suburbs thereof, was sacked, and all de-
livered unto the Duke of Alva.
Most ready at your Lordship's commandement,
Christ. Hoddesdonn.
DANIEL ROGERS TO DR. WILSON.
Right honorable, having written a large letter unto Sir
Fraunces Walsyngham and your Honour joyntlie, I do not
doubte but the same shal be shewed unto you, therefore I
neede not at this present to repeate such things as be said in
the former letter.
The first newes which your Honor shall receive at lengthe
wil be that either the Duke {}) hath taken some towne, or els
that he is excluded out of Andwerp. The Prince and his
counsell are verie busie, howe they might persuade himself to
knighted. Camden gives an interesting account of Drake and his
voyage, in his Annals of this year.
* Antonio was the next successor to the throne of Portugal, after
the death of Henry, hut he was driven out by the Spaniards, who took
forcible possession of his kingdom, and joined it to Spain.
1580.] PORTUGAL SEIZED BY SPAIN. . 117
retire; which things I could wishe not to come to many per-
sons' knowledge, because the Prince told it me as a great se-
crete, who spoke very franklie with me, and most courteouslie
entertayned me.
I am sorrie that her Majestic and the French King have
not heretofore aided Don Antonio, for that two monethes ago
small ayde of a fewe men and fortefyers, with nmnition
sent unto Don Antonio, and the estate of Portugale, would
have done them more goode, then a verie great host at this
tyme can do, and yet (saith he) there are verie good meanes,
by the which the Portugals may be holpen, as I wrote in the
rude discourse, which I have sent unto you. He blameth
Don Antonio to have foughten with th'enemie skilfuU in warre
before he had good souldiers and good captaines, and withall
affirmed, if th'enemie invade us, we should not do well, ac-
cording to our manner to offer him battle forthewith, for that
the Kinge of Spaine in suche a case, woulde get him the best
captaines and souldiers which were to be had in Europe ;
therefore, if th'enemie shoulde winne of us a battaill, he
woulde so feare and dismay us, that the realme shoulde be in
great daunger. I said that there were a singular couradge
in Enghshmen, and that they would defende their country
otherwise then the Portugale had done. He aunswered that
he woulde not compare the Portugale souldiers to the valour
of an Englisheman, of whose courage he had had verie gond
experience ; but willed me to remember this discourse, af-
firming that we should do best of all, in suche a case, to take
awaie victuals from th'enemie, to entrenche and fortefie our-
selves, &c. As for the Duke of Allanson, and Monsieur Languet,
they are plainelie of the same opinion, in which he is. I can-
not write greater commendations of a prince, then he has
written of the said Duke of Allanson, having sent divers letters
of his owne hande, unto the Prince, Languet, Junius, Villiers,
, as also unto the generalitie of th'estates. I have
sent here to your Honour letters intercepted of the Cardinalle
Granvelle's and Doctor , who methinkcth hath for-
118 THE LOW COUNTRIES. [oCT.
gotten to write Latin. The letters of the cardinall arc
worthe the reading. In one of them is mention of the ....
attire of the Kinge of Portugale's horse, whieh he esteemeth
at 8000 crownes, which he wisheth the Duke of Florence to
buy ; so that it seemeth unto me, the Kinge of Spaine hath
no more money then is needefull. Ludwike Giucciardine*
his description of the Lowe Countries is again a printing
at Plaiitine his shop, unto which he addeth as much more as
allreadie hathe been printed, joyning the pictures of all
townes, with the particular description of everie province,
which he myndethe to dedicate unto her Majestic. He hathe
him most humblie commended unto your Honour.
The Prince of Aurenge, amongest other things, understand-
ing by me the travaile which your Honor tooke for the ayde
to be sent into Portugale, marvaileth you had no better suc-
cesse, and demaunded of me how your daughter dyd, which
should have been with his wife, and was glad that she did well.
He demaunded likewise of me, unto howe many princes of
th'empire I had letters, and having aunswered him, he saide
he mervailed that I had none to the Dutchesse of Saxonie,
Duke Julius of Brunswicke, Duke Ludwike of Wittenberghe,
neither unto Joachimus Ernestus prince of Anhalte ; but I gave
him to understande that they shoulde be sent after me ;
wherefore I beseech your Honour most humblie, if alreadie
you have not procured the signing of them, you will be so
good as to remember them, and to send them unto me, by the
bearer hereof, whom I thought good at this presente to sende
unto you, as well to advertise your Honor of suche thinges
as are comprehended in my large letter, as also he might re-
tunie unto me, with such letters as will be necessaric for me,
to tVintent I may have that successe which such matter re-
(piireth for which I am sent. And thus I leave to trouble
* Ludovico Guicciardhii was the nephew of the celebrated historian
of that name. The second edition of his Descrittione de Pacsi Ba.ssi
was published in folio at Antwerp by Plantine in 1581. It is dedicated
to King Philii).
1580.] IRELAND TIRLOUGH LENNOGH. 119
your Honor, beseeching th' Almighty God to prosper your
estate, to continue you in good health, and to give a happie
successe to all your good endeavours. From Steinberghe,
the first of October, 1580. In haste.
Your Honor's most humble at commandement,
Daniel Rogers.
I sende herewithall unto your Honor, a copie of Sir Alle-
gonde his letter written unto Monsieur Junius. He hath pro-
mised me the original, and hath him most hartelie commended
unto your Honor.
SIR NICHOLAS BAGNALL TO THE EARL OF LEICESTER.
My good Lord, when I made mention in my last letters of
my Lord Deputie's repair to the Newrie, and the occasion
that was ministred by Turlough Lenoughe, and that com-
missioners were sent unto him for a treaty, I knewe not then
what wold become thereof, but now that they are returned,
and that my good friend your Lordship's true follower Cap-
tayne Fenton hath undertaken conveyance, I thought to tell
you that with him the peace is ratified, and hither thence my
Lord returned. This peace can be of no better assurance
then other ratifications have bene. But for the more security,
although his Lordship jomey to Mounster, (whither wilHnglie
I wold have attended) at home in my accustomed charge, I
am contynued, although with small allowance and force, yet
shall I eche waie willinglie do my endevors. And truly T
must say that his Lordship bestowed the tyme well, for if he
had not with such speed returned in the nicke as he did, then
had there bene commytted by Baltinglasse and his traitorous
adherents many such outrages, as could not easily have bene
salved ; but sithence his returne they are retired back in their
fastnes. For those prosecutions course is prescribed, of
which succes I knowe your Lordship shall heare. In the meane
120 REBELLION OF BALTINGLASS AND DESMOND. [NOV.
tyine, it shall be founde how severely and thoroughly good Sir
William Pelham hath handled Mounster ; as in all his go-
vernment here he deserved with the best that preceded him,
so in that wrought he good perfection, and so weakened the
traytors there, that John Desmond is fled to Leinster, where
he is to salve his drained estate with Baltinglasse. His owne
actions, if his commendation shold be withdrawen, will sufii-
ciently expresse his desert. For your Honor's sake, [he so
friendlie entreated me, that I cannot but beseech your Lord-
ship not onlie to give thankes in my behalf for his said cur-
tesie, but also humbly crave that your Honor will not forgett
but to commend me to the Lord Deputie, to be protected with
his best favour for your sake. The man I am altogether un-
knowen unto, and if your Lordship remember him with your
earnest letters in my behalf, I trust he shall fynde desert, and
your Lordship good cause to think it well bestowed. I will
not further enlarge, but shall remember to praie for your
honorable prosperitie and contentation everie waie, which the
Lord graunt you.
Dublin, this 3rd of October, 1580.
Your honorable good Lordship's to comaunde al bounden,
N. Bagenall.
SIR RICHARD BINGHAM * TO THE EARL OF LEICESTER.f
Right honorable and my singular good Lorde, may it
please you to be advertysed, that on Saturday, being the 5th
* Sir Richard Bingham, the second son of an ancient family of the
county of Dorset, was one of the most distinguished soldiers of Eliza-
beth's reign, and died Marshall of Ireland. His lineal discendant is
the present Earl of Lucan.
* The Italians and Spaniards who had landed in Ireland, under San
Josepho, during the absence of the English fleet, had fortified them-
selves at Smerwick in Kerry, and endeavoured to form a junction with
some of the discontented Irish ; but the Lord Deputy approaching.
1580.] THE TAKING OF SMERWICK. 1*21
of November, in the afternoon, the Admirall, with the rest of
the fleete which had bene absent with him, came into the
harbar of Smericke, to which place my Lord Deputy came that
day from his campe, which lay at the dyngle, hearing of their ar-
ryvall here, to conferr with them for the landing of two cul-
veryns out of the Revenge, two out of the Swiftsure, and two
out of the Tygar, with a sagar forth of the Ayde, and another
forth of the Arrac, as also what powder and shot they myght
spare for the batterie of the fortresse, with all other necessarie
preparations for the trench ; further to advertyse your Honor
that on Monday, being the 8th daye of this presente, early
in the morning, my Lord Deputye marched with his campe
from the dyngle towards the enemye, where about none he
pytched his tente within faucion shotte, and in the evening
there was order taken that most of the men forth of the
shyppes shoulde come to labor to begynn the trenche, which
trenche the fyrst night was wroughte a hundreth paces, and
two culverins placed within three hundreth paces of their
forte to dismounte their pieces, which were ready to play at
the break of the day, and before it was two o'clocke in the
afternoone they were all dismounted. The nighte following
and the nexte day, being Wensday, we came with our
trenche within six score paces of their curtayne, when we
cast a sufficient aheade for the garde of the warde for that day,
which Mr. South had. This day in the afternoone, about 9 or
10 o'clocke, Mr. Cheicke* was stricken from the forte, being
in the heighte of the trenche This same day, in the after-
noone, they came to the poynte of the rampier, which we
had beatten with the culveryns, with a white banner, beare-
headed, and requested a parley, which my Lorde granted,
they retired to their fort, and were taken after a defence of five days.
Sir Richard Bingham's account of this affair differs very much from
the account given by Camden, who says that the foreigners were put
to death in cold blood by order of the council. Raleigh and Spenser the
poet were at the siege.
* John Cheek, the son of the famous Greek scholar, Sir John Chjck .
122 THE TAKING OF SMERWICK. [nOV.
in which they were contented the same night to surrender up
the place with their lyves, and all that therein was, to my
Lorde's will, to have mercy or not mercy as he shoulde thynk
goode. Yet for that it was nyghte, and no tyme to get them
forth, they were by my Lorde respited till the morrowe, but
the best of them taken forth for hostages or pledges. And
we, that notwithstanding, followed our trenche, which we
fynished the same nyghte within three score paces of their
forte, and so ranne the same all alongst their fronte, where we
meante to place our battery, to which we brought the same
nyghte two pieces. In the morning, which was Thursday,
and the tenthe, early in the moniing my Lorde sente in
dyvers gentlemen to take order that suche munitions of
powder and vyttells shoulde be preserved to her Majestie's
use as there was. Then order was taken that the collonell
with the captayns and chiefe officers shoulde come forthe,
and delyver up their ensignes, with order and ceremonie ther-
to belonging, which done the band that had the order of the
day then entered, which was put downe. But in the meane
tyme were entered a number of the maryners upon the parte
next the sea, which with the soldiours aforesaide, having pos-
sessed the place, fell to ryfling and spoyling, and withall
kylling, which they never ceased whilest there lyved one.
The number slayne myght be betwixte four and fyve hun-
dreth, but as some do judge, betwixte fyve and six hundreth.
They had, as I heare, of powder left fifty barrells, of pykes
fom- thousande, other furniture of arms in such lyke propor-
tion ; of vyttells they had great store, saving that they wanted
water, which they had not in their fort. Thus hath my Lorde
most worthely achieved this enterprize, and so nobly and
liberally delte with all sorts, that he hath gyven a greate sa-
tisfaction and content to all his followers. Thus, with my
humble and dutifull sei'vice commended unto your good
Lordshippe, I most humbly take my leave.
From Smericke roade, the 11 November, 1580.
Your Honour's most humble and most assured during
lyfe. R. Byngham.
1580.1 THOMAS NORTON. 123
THOMAS NORTON* TO SIR CHRISTOPHER HATTON.
May it please your Honor, without all displeasant humor,
and especially without the base disposition to afflicte the
afflicted, but onlie of true zeale to her Majestie's service, I
am bould to informe you that long since I have seen a booke
written in Frenche, intituled Le innocence de la tres illustre
Royne, etc. in the ende wherof is a treatie touching the cause
of the Duke of Norfolke, written to the defamation of her
Majestic and of his peers, and of some speciall persones of
her Highnes' counsell. This booke is there pretended to
be written in Frenche, by a stranger to Englande, and not by
an Englisheman, for speaking of Englande he saieth vostre
pais et vostre 7'oigne, and such like ; and yet in truthe it is
written by an Englishman, as by Robyn Goodfellowe, and
Goodman Gose, and an overslipped title, and otherwise, as I
am able to prove. The whole course is very seditious, and
defamatorie to her Majestic, her counsell and nobilitie. He
chai'geth the counsell with treason, and her Majestic with
abandoning herselfe to be abused, to the distrubing of Chris-
tendome, to the maintenaunce of rebells, to the robbing of
princes. It maye be that your Honor will thinke it good to
inquyre the auctor, and not unfitte to examine the gentleman
nowe in restraynt. The booke is not only an Englisheman's,
but also originally written in Englishe, and translated into
Frenche. Mr. Doctor Hamond is well acquainted with his
* Thomas Norton, of Sharpenhaule, or Sharpenhoe, in Bedfordshire^
was a Calvinist, and a celebrated writer against the Papists. He had
been joined with Sternhold and Hopkins in the formation of their metri-
cal version of the Psalms, twenty-seven of which were from his pen. H e
was closely intimate with Thomas Sackville, afterwards Earl of Dor-
set, and composed part of the tragedy of Gorboduc, (some say the
first three acts,) which was published with their joint names. His
prose works are well written, and show him to be a man of no mean
abilities. He was counsel to the Stationers' Company, in whose book,
we find entries of the fees paid to him, until the end of 1583 near
which time Chalmers supposes that he died.
124 OLD DRINKING POTS. [dEC.
stile. Your Honor may also send to Mr. Dalton, and aske
him whether the same party have not used at Mrs. Arundell's
to mayntayne open disputations in defence of papistrie, and
chalenged Mr. Dalton and others in that case, uppon wagers.
There goeth also underhande abroade an Englishe treatise
wrytten, wherin her Majestie's auncestrese is termed base in
contempt, the Queue is threatened with rebellion of nobilitie,
some great persons are charged that under her Majestie's fa-
vour they have, as it were, tirannized over the people. If the
booke be his, it is not good. Oute of these bookes great
matters of charge maye be gathered to the auctor. It were
pittie he should be untruely burthened with them, but greater
pittie that he or any should carrie suche thinges clearly.
And so I leave to trouble your Honor any longer.
At London, the 30th of December, 1580.
Your Honor's humble,
Tho. Norton.
THE SUIT OF WILLIAM SIMPSON, MERCHANT.*
Whereas one Garret Tynes, a stranger, lyving in Aeon, in
the parts beyond the seas, being none of her Majestie's sub-
* Endorsed, " Mr. Tolcarne's suite in the behalf of William Simp-
son, merchant, for a licence to hringe into the realme stone potts," &c.
During the 16th century, much of the earthenware used in England
seems to have been imported from Germany, which explahis the num-
ber of pots, tobacco-pipes, &c, of foreign manufacture, so often dug
up about old buildings. A very curious specimen of these German
drinking pots, of the time of Henry VIII., is preserved in the cabinet
of Mr. Crofton Croker. It was found about thirty years ago, under the
roots of an old tree at Edenbridge, and is adorned with female figures,
in three compartments. These figures are, 1, " Fursichticheit," or fore-
sight, making her way with a lighted taper; 2, '' Lockrecia" (Lu-
cretia) stabbing herself; 3, " Gercchticheit," or Justice, with her
sword and scales.
The papers of Lord Burglilcy are full of petitions for monopolies >
1580.] IRELAND. 1-25
jects, doth buy upp all the potts made at CuUein, called drink-
ing stone potts, and he onlie transporteth them into the realm
of England, and selleth them; it maye please her Majestie
to graunte unto the sayd Simpson full power and onlie licence
to provyde, transport, and bring into this realm the same, or
such like drinking potts ; and the sayd Simpson will putt in
good sureties, that it shall not be prejudicial! to any of her
Majestie's subjects, but that he will serve them as plentifullie,
and sell them at as reasonable prices, as the other hath solde
them from tyme to tyme.
Item, he will be bound to double her Majestie's customes
by the yeare, whensoever it hath bene at the moste. Item,
he will, as much as in him lieth, drawe the making of such
like potts into some decayed town within this realme, wherby
manie a hundred poore men may be sett to worke.
Note, that no Englishman doth transport any potts into
this realm, but onlie the said Garret Tines, who also seiTeth
all the Low Countries, and other places, with potts.
SIR HENRY WALLOP TO THE EARL OF LEICESTER.
My good Lorde, at this last passage I have receaved yom* Lord-
ship's letters of the 26th of December, which were exceeding
welcome unto me, because they confirmed me in the opynion
of your Lordship's good favor towardes me, and that you
take in good parte my former advertisements, wherof I must
confess I was somewhat doubtfull, only by your Lordship's
longe silence, and not uppon any other respect. Neverthe-
lesse, I will not conceive any such impression hereafter, but
impute all to the weight of your Lordship's affayres, in hope
you will also conceive of me, as in trothe I am at your devo-
tion and comandement playnly after the onlie manner. There
and on some the Treasurer has written his own disapprobation not
only of the particular demand, but of monopolies in general.
1*26 TIRLOUGH LENNOGII. [jAN.
is notliiiig here to be written in generalitie, but which my
Lorde Deputy informeth to the Lordes, saving that your ser-
vaunts Captayne Thomas Norrys and Captayne Anthonye
Dearinge have had some good happ against the followers of
Clanricard in Conought, where they had the kylling of four
shott, eight kerne, and of a 100 releevers and their fosterers ;
but th'Erles sonne William saved himself by flight. The
eldest brother, Ulicke, is said to be either deade or paste cure
of a vyle disease, but in most men's judgment it is thought
that Johne Burcke, (who trayned him into this rebellion)
hath used the meanes to shorten his life, to make himself
heire apparent to his father. A race of ranker rebels is there
not in Ireland.
It is advertised that Scottes ai'e landed of late in greate
numbers in Ulster, and are distributed by Tyrloughe into Co-
nought and other partes, whereby he easeth his own charge
in their mayntenaunce, and hath them still at his devotion,
whensoever he fyndeth opportunity to publish himself in re-
bellion, which in my opynion he will not long cover, for as
every moonlight he gathereth forces and maketh shew of in-
vasion, to withdraw the Lord Deputye from presenting the
rebels in other partes, so is he now in a parley with Sarleboy,
and such as are sent to solycitt him from th'Erle of Argile,
to be backed out of Scotland, and by th 'Erie's meanes (it is
said) he hath adopted the King of Scotts as^his foster sonne,
which may be the occasion of the coming hither of the
inland men of Scotland, which now serve him under
Craforde.
The returne of Captayne Piers must discover all his pur-
poses, and albeit the general revolt here in all the provinces
be a means of an extreme charge, which I would wish dy-
minished if it could be with her Majestie's honor and safety,
yet do I see (in my opynion) a great necessity to encrease
it, unless her Majestic will suffer such indignities in Ulster
as are neither tollerable in respect to her soverainty, nor con-
venient for the preservation of her state, and therefore I do
158L] TROUBLES OF IRELAND. 127
wish that in this session of parlyament the burden that
Ireland is and will be to England were not unremembered.
Within these seven dayes Sir William vStanley was as-
saulted in the night, in Wicklowe, by the enemy, the castells
having bene by them formerly spoyled, where he lost two
men, and his Lyftenant hurte ; he kylled of them eight, and
within two dayes after. Sir Henrye Harrington and he tooke
from them 300 kyne and about a 200 studd.
The 20th herof, Mr. Thomas Le Strange, in a towne of Mc
Gaule's, seven myles from his owne howse, towardes Athone,
in the night, killed in the church of the said towne, ninetene
of the O'Melaughleyns, and tooke the twentieth, all notorious
theeves, and of the consorts of the Occoners, in which place
they were taking meate, as they terme it.
About Twelftyde, the Seneshall of Imokelly, neere Yog-
hall, killed 36 of Captayne Piers his company, and ten of
Sir William Morgan's, in which conflict it is said that the
Seneshall was dangerously hurte with a bullett. And so for
this tyme I leave your Lordship, determyning to use my
wonted boldness in vysiting your Lordship with my simple
letters, as I shall finde either messenger or matter.
At Dublin, the 26th of Januarye, 1580.
Your Lordship's most assured to be comaunded,
H. Wallop.
JOHN BROWN TO THE EARL OF LEICESTER.
Right honourable, wheras you willed me to write some-
tymes to you, the truth is, there hath bene no matters of
any greate importaunce done before the surprise of this towne
of Macklyn,* wherin now we remayne, the discourse wherof
* "In the Netherlands, Sir John Norris, general of the English forces,
and Oliver Temple, with some companies of Netherlanders, scaled
Mechlin, a rich city of Brabant, betimes in a morning, and with great
slaughter of townesmen and religious people, took it ; with some
128 AFFAIRS OF THE LOW COUNTRIES. [jAN.
T knowe my Collonell wrote unto you, and also of Niwven,
what was done by Monsieur Lanoe. I could have written
unto you of trifles, which would have bene but tedious to him
that is troubled in so great affayres as you are. We are to
quitt this towne, how soone I know not, to march to Mon-
sieur Lanoe, to encampe ourselfes with the French, Scottish,
and other nations. But there is another piece of worke in hand
for the English to be employed in. The collonell his suc-
cesse hathe bene so good in this, that they will not cease to
employe him to keepe him busier still. Better they cannot
please him, for truly if your Lordship had been to have scene
the forwardnes of his owne person, the care for garding his
owne men in safety uppon so soden an attempt, and the per-
formaunce therof to the last ende of the act done, wherof my
eyes are a witnes, you would have registred him in mind
during life, which I have no doubt you do. In my opinion,
you never gave credit to any man that hath better deserved
from you, to do you honor and service, than he hathe, and
dothe, to you and yours, wherof I as one of your little ones
do taste, and my conscience doth assure me whensoever you
shall neede to employe him, that he liveth not towards you
whom you may more assure yourself of
The thinge that is to be shortly is secretly spoken of, and
that is that we shall give an attempt to a towne called Buld-
wicke, which is of some force. And whatsoever hath bene
reported of other nations for the surprising of this towne, I
am able from the begynning to say to your Lordship the very
truth of it, robbing not any man of that which is his due to
him, by word of mouth, for that I am shortly by the appoint-
ment of my Collonell to come over with a present of sixe
Hungarian horses for her Majestic, which horses I hope your
commendation indeed for their valour, but blemished with the foul
blot of ravening and sacrilege, for they not only rifled the citizens
goods, with all the insolency of pillaging, but raged also even against
the churches." — Camden.
1581.] A PARLIAMENT, 1'29
Lordship will like well, for they are very well suted as ever
1 sawe for her Majestie's coach. Their colors are all light
grey, and their maines and tailes all died into oringe tauny,
according unto the manner of their country ; they are horses
of light shape, good of travell, and very younge. They are
now but in reasonable flesh, for they have had a great journey,
and they are also a very rare horse to be had. The CoUonel
by good fortune light on them at their first coming. Thus,
praying your Lordship to pardon my longe and evill written
lynes, I leave to trouble you, beseeching God to increase
you in all honor and felicity, to the glorye of God.
From Macklyn, the Istof Maye, 1580.
By me, your obedient servant,
John Browne.
FRANCIS MYLLES TO RANDOLPH.*
Sir, since the last I wrote to you here hathe bene no new
forayne occurrents, and our state here in court is, thankes be
to God ! as you left it, and have heard synce your departure.
The inclosed is the particularites of that I last touched in
generall to you of the matter of Stenwyk in Fryseland.f
This day a parlement ended. The titles of the actes are
not yet to be had to be sent to you ; but by the next you
shall have them. An extract of the newe act agaynst our pa-
pists I have sent now to Mr. Bowes, requesting him to im-
part the same to you. The greatest matters now enacted are
* Randolph was now in Scotland, for the purpose of using his ex-
ertions to appease the heats of the turbulent parties in that king-
dom, and to support the interests of Elizabeth.
t Stenwick, a town in Friesland, had been besieged by the Spanish
party, but was gallantly relieved by Sir John Norris.
VOL. II. K
130 COMMISSION ON THE BORDERS. [MARCH
the subsidie, a lawe for the strengthening the northern bor-
ders, a lawe according to the said extract, a lawe for punish-
ing utterers of seditiouse words agaynst her Majesty, and a
lawe for a collection to repaire Dover haven.
The matter of commissioners out of both realmes to meete
on the borders is feared here will worke no better effect than
the removing of her Majestie's forces now readie to do good
in Scotland, after which done, they which trouble the state
of that realme will be ready and peradventur^ better provided
to do more harme. But you see more than such poore men
as I am here, and I trust God will turne all to the best, which
is my comfort. Touching you particularly, though here is
nothing done for your good since your departure, yet nothing
anie way to your particular hinderance, neither I trust shal.
And thus, with humble remembrance of my dutie, I take my
leave. Whitehall, the 18th of Marche, 1580.
Yom* worshippe's greatly bounden and always to commando,
Fra. Mylles.
There is a staye of the French commissioners at Callice or
thereabouts growen untill after Easter. Whether the parle-
ment be only adjorned or cleare dissolved, I know not : for
it is the matter this instant in hand, her Majestic being not
yet from the Hou^.
MR. HUBAND TO W. HERLE.
Fellow William, I could have wisht yom* abode rather here
then at Montgumery, and as I take it, it might as well stood
with your business here as there, which I wishe to take suc-
cesse to your own desire. As T remember you told me you
might have fifteen hundied pounds ; forbeare not a good offer ;
1581.] VARIOUS NEWS. 181
detract of tyme draweth peril! ; suche a sum of money is greate,
considering the skarcenes and the ambiguity of the cause.
The Frenche ambassadours (as my letters tell me) are staied
till twentie daies after Easter.
The Frenche King said to be dead. The preparation there
still contynueth, bruted for Flaunders; I wishe it be so
meante. The King of Spain levieth gTcat forces out of
Naples, Florence, and Cicilia, and divers other partes. They
saye they come to the Low Countries, but rather thought for
others. Out of Ireland no good newes.
D'Olbany made protector of Scotland. We presently send
greater forces to the borders. The best newes, her Majestic is
in healthe, which God long preserve, with resistance of her
enemyes ! Thus, with my hartie commendations, I bid you
farewell.
Shrosbury, the 22nd of Marche. 1580.
Your loving frend,
Jo. HUBAND.
J. BARROW TO
Deare Sir, you have so well even nowe prevented me, as
heretofore by sundry wayes bound me ; for notwithstanding
I promysed Mr. Thomson long ere this to have wrytten,
this Sonday, 23d Aprill, I receved your letter, which accuses
me of slowth and condempnes me of ingratitude, but I con-
fes the fault, and hope to amend. You salute me, so as be-
comes a good man; for in Christ is the chief band; and I
esteme you more then necessitye wylls me to speak. Truthe
is, I dyd marvel of your long staye, and often inquired of your
shorte retmne, but now your letter hath fully satisfied me.
I knowe my dett is more then common duties, but synce
you wyll be satisfied with slowe payment, tyll fytter tyme, I
wyl answer your command. I cannot furnish myself with
k2
132 DRAKE KNIGHTED. [aPRIL,
Mr. Steven's instructions, for I have not seen liim of long at
the court. I am not stored with newe thinges to lend you ;
nor yet here is not : for our world doth muse at the Frenche
and their causes. They came to London on Fridaye last, re-
ceaved with great triumph, and entertayned with great cost
as ever you knew or heard.*' The Cardinal Grand-ville is
ambassador in Fraunce, and a great man from the Emperor.
I had newes the other dayfi'om Naples, how Ceser and Plii-
lipp wyll in person be in the Low Countries this somer ; and
for that cause the soldiers that were in Portingale is kept
together styll. The Turck armes 200 gallies ; some feare
Candie.
I heare the Queene continues her mynd to answer this
Maye the Turck's letters, and you were named. Scotland is
quiet, and some of our soldiers from the frontiers dismissed ;
nor the King in religion is not revolted ; but D'Aubnye rules
beyond all reache.
That arch knave Campionf is not heard of, but I prefered
I as great matter on Easter daye to the counsail. Captayne
I Drake is knyghted; some think he goes agayne. The Low
'Countries is no changelyng, for the earthe is fattyd styll
with human blude. For Cotton and Rouland York, for pri-
vate cause in private fight, hath moystened that ground,
with finding their owne lyfe. For the rest of countries I saye
* These " Frenche" were the commissioners sent over to negotiate
the marriage with the Duke of Anjou.
t In the year preceding, the Jesuits began to come secretly into
England, with the object of making converts to the Romish religion.
The most famous were Parsons and Campion, the latter of whom was
taken and executed at Tyburn this year. Edmund Campion was born
at London in 1540, and was educated at St. John's College, Oxford.
He wrote many books. '^ He was sent over," says Fuller, " with
Father Parsons into England, to reduce it to the church of Rome.
To this purpose he set forth his Ten Reasons so purely for Latine, so
plainly and pithily penned, that they were very taking, and fetch'd
over many (neuters before) to his persuasion."
1581.] DON ANTONIO. 133
nothing tyl 1 know myself. And thus I ende, with all duty-
full commendations. I am presently within fifteen dayes to go
to Venice, at which tyme I meane, God wylling, once to write
to you, though I cannot see you. Sir, the haste of your mes-
senger makes me shorter then I would be, but I know you
will esteem my good meaning, and so God bless you for
ever.
London, 24th Aprill, 1581.
Yours ever most assured,
Ja. Barrow.
GEORGE BOHUN TO W. HERLE.
I do accompte myself muche behoulden unto you for the
greate love and frendshipp which I perceive you beare me,
and which I have no meanes to requite againe, but only by
loving you, wherin I pmpose not to faile both in what and
where I may. The expectation of the event of our commis-
sioners^ drowneth all other newes, and what that will be
men's opinions are clivers ; some think the matter so long in
suspence wil be, some contrarie, so that it is hard to give any
certain resolution of the matter, and rather for the favorers
anddislykers of it are (as conjecture maie be given by their
utter . . .) in good hope.
Some think the resolution of the marriage is only a pre-
tence, and that their intent is to treate of an union betwene
Fraunce and us for the restitution of Don Antonio, and for
invading the Low Countries ; but mihi nonfit verisvmile that
nowe, for the advancement of Fraunce, we shoulde enter into
warre with the King of Spaine, without reservation of commo-
dities to ourselfes, and therefore I think 1 may add the
rest of the wordes, illis commentum placet.
* For the marriage with the Duke of'Aiijou.
184 VARIOUS NEWS. [APRIL,
This dale they had then' first audience, and to-morrowe
they are feasted by her Majestie, and after by my Lord Trea-
surer, my Lord Chamberlain, and my Lord of Leicester ; and
my Lord of Arundell insteade of feastes entertaineth them at
tilt and tourney.
The Frenche King's healthe is not suche as it is reported,
but good ; and of the King of Navarre since the conclusion
of the peace we have heard nothing, but that he liveth in
quiet. .
Mr. Randall is returned from Scotland with small satisfac-
tion, for there was a culiver discharged at his windowe where
he used to \^Tite, although by his good hap he was gone to
the fire.* D'Obigni govemeth all, and hathe possessed the
popularitie of Scotland by diminishing impositions and taxes
layed upon them by Moreton, so that my augurium is that
by his actions he gapeth for the crowne.
Mr. Randall sayeth that Moreton's deathe is resolved
uppon, but not how. Our forces are all revoked from the
borders, so that it seemeth that we are either satisfied out of
suspicion, or out of feare.
Irelande still remaineth in his oulde state, the rebellious
nothing diminished, nor the rebelles terrified by the slaugh-
ter of Spaniards and Italians at the fort, but rather increases,
so that some begin to be of opinion that a peace by pardon-
ing them wil be better then so unproffitable a warre.
The reporte of the Jesuits is dead, and althoughe they
were greate bugges at the beginning, yet nowe, except it be
in pulpitts and in somebookes of our divines newly sett oute,
I heare nothing of them.
Mr. Drake hath made a very proffi table journey, both for
himself and the rest of the adventm-ers ; hath discovered some
thinges which is kept ianquammysterium^ wherin he think-
eth his service is greater than all the treasure he brought,
* Randolph had drawn much ill-will upon himself from the other
party by his strenuous efforts to shield Morton from their vengeance.
1581.] DON ANTONIO FLIES TO FRANCE. 135
thoughe it was better than 600,000/.. He is a right mag-
nifico, hathe given her Majestie presents of riche jewels, and
also to other of the counsell, feasted her Majestie at Dept-
ford, whereas for his good service she made him a knight.
Italie is all quiet, neither yeldeth any newes. The Spanish
King hath since the last overthrowe got, remained in Portu-
gale, shewing great courtesie to the nobilitie and people
therby to ... . them, and chiefly to the Duke and Dutchess
of Braganza, whom he dandeleth so finely, that he hath
brought them to a perswasion of a marriage between their
daughter and the Prince of Spaine his sonne. Some thing
he intendeth and hath made stale of certaine of our shippes
to serve him, but whether for suspicion of Don Antonio only,
it is unknown e, for as you know his affaires are used with
great secrecie.
Don Antonio, uppon his overthrowe at Porto, and the
yeldingof Viana, fell into Fraunce, where he contynueth with
some hope to be restored to his kingdome by them, but in
mine opinion, seeing that the King of Navarre for all the as-
sistance that either he or his ancestors could have from
Fraunce, could never recover his lost kingdom, wher-
unto they were bound and confirmed uppon Fraunce, and
that a countreyman, the poore man being to them a stranger,
in blud a bastard, hath a small hope to recover by their
meanes that which is situated farre from them. But should
I exemplifie the King of Navarre, seeing he never attempted
the recoverie of Naples and Milanne, shall we now think he
will do that for a stranger that he will not do for himself?
In the Lowe Countries the matters pass as they did. The
Prince of Orange hath lately sent out a book against the King,
wherein he answereth to the prescriptions against him, and
toucheth the King very notably. So that both armes and
letters offensive passe.
The oulde bands, that retired uppon the composition at
Mastrick, are returned with the good liking of the malecon-
lentes, and not long since have given an overthrowe to the
136 ARRIVAL OF THE FRENCH AMBASSADOR. [APRIL
states about Bruges, wherin were slaine 500 or thereabout,
though th'other side give 1900.
Mr. Norris hath behaved himself very gallantly this last
winter in Frislande, hath impeached all the attempts of the
malecontentes in that countrie to their losse, and in the ende
enforced them to retire to the rest of their companie at Cam-
bray, which they nowe besiege. Mr. Morgan returned thither
with a newe supplie lately : since his going we have heard
nothing of him. Roger Williams is much commended for his
valour in his divers conflicts. Daniel Rogers is with the Prince
of Parma, or els sent into Spaine, so that he is like to buy the
glorie of his ambassie with an hard imprisonment. And so
wishing you a good sale of yom' fee-farme, that you may re-
turne bene 7iiimmatus, I take my leave.
From the Court, the 25th of April, 1581.
Your most assured,
George Bohun.
E, MOLYNEUX* TO MORETON.
Sir, the newes Thomas Taylor brought was of the arryval
of the Frenche ambassadour at Dover, which was the 21 st of
this month at night. The cause of the long staye was partly
the fowle wether, but chiefly the sycknes of Monsieur Mar-
shall Cosse, who is so feble and weake, by reason of his late
sycknes, as he travaileth not above eight or sixe myles a day.
They arrived at the comle on Saturday last, being the 22d
of this Aprill, and men may think reasonably, considering
the numbre and the gi-eatnes of the persons, that they come
not for matter small or desperate.
Mr. Randall is retm'ned out of Scotland, muche discon-
* Edward MolineuX;, Esq. of Nutfield, in Surrey, Secretary to Sir
Henry Sydney.
1581.] VARIOUS NEWS. 137
tented, for all hathe fallen out overthwarte, for neither Moreton
is brought unto triall and saved, nor the Englishe faction dare
receive any aide, for feare, they alledge, lest they should be
suppressed in religion.
The Kinge of Spayne buyldeth gallies ; some think for the
Streighte Magellan ; some be of opinion for Ireland ; some
others think for Friseland. The likeliest, as I conjecture, is
for Magellanes. He prepareth likewise a good force by land,
most like it is to be for feare or doubte of Don Antonio and
his adherents.
The Lowe Countries stande at warre within themselves.
Monsieur muche spoken of amongest them."^ They are of
many heades, and the enterprise is hard and costly for Mon-
sieur. These are the cheife and the most important newes
that I knowe for the present. I bid you farewell, with my
harty commendement.
From Sallop, the 26th of Aprill, 1581.
Your assured loving frend to be
comanded now and ever,
E. MOLYNEUX.
LORD BURGHLEY TO THE EARL OF SUSSEX.
My very good Lord, with thanks for your letters and mes-
senger, who on Friday met me coming from Thebald's, I
came yesterday hyther about five of the clock, and repayring
towards the pri vie- chamber, to have seen her Majestic, I
found the doore at the upper end of the presence-chamber
shut, and then understood that the French ambassador had
bene a long tyme with her Majesty, and the Prince of Conde
also, where there was none other of the counsell but my
Lord of Leicester and Mr. Vice-Chamberlain, Mr. Secretary
Walsingham being sick in his chamber. And so about seven
of the clock, the French ambassador being ready to depart
* The Duke d'Anjou was elected governor of the Low Countries.
138 FRENCH AMBASSADOR AND THE PRINCE OF CONDE'. [jUNE,
towards London, came to me and told me a gi'eat part of
their proceedings, being pleased well|with her Majesty for her
temperate dealings, but no wyse contented with the Prince
of Conde, in whom he iindeth more disposition to move
troubles in France than to enjoy peace, and he addeth he
clerely thynketh that these troubles in France and the Prynce's
coming hyther are provoked from hence, wherin I know
nothyng of certainty, but should be soiTy it should be so in
truth. Nevertheless, he augmenteth his suspicions uppon the
sight he hath of the great favours shewed to the Prynce of
Conde by certain counsellors here, whom he understandeth
hath bene many tymes, both on Friday and Saturday, with
hym at the Banketting-house, where he is lodged.
Yesternight, late in the evening, her Majesty told me of
her dealing with the ambassador and the Prynce, wherin she
commended the Prynce's modesty in declaring the cause of
his coming to be to shew to her Majesty the just causes that
had moved the King of Navarr to take armes for his defence
agaynst the Marshalls Montmorency and Byron, of whose
violences (as he supposed without warrant from the King)
he shewed many particular cases, to which the ambassador
made defence by retorting to the King of Navarr the occa-
sions of the Marshall's actions to have growen from the King
of Navarr first. The Prince also declared the causes of his
coming from St. John d'Angeli to have bene to serve the
Kyng in his government of Pycardy, where he sought to
obtain the good- will and lyking of the towns in Picardy, be-
cause the Kyng and his mother also had assented for their
parts that he should have the government, saving that they
found the states of the countrye unwilling, which was, as he
understood, but a suggestion made by means of the House of
Guise to them, that d'Aumale might have that government
from hym. And so he coming into Picardy found, as namely
at Soyssons, the people glad of his access, and yet notwith-
standing his adversaryes on the part of the Duke d'Aumale
procured contrary suggestions to be made to the Kyng, and
1581.] AFFAIRS OF THE PROTESTANTS IN FRANCE. 139
in the end he found certain numbers of men of warr amassed
by the Lige of Picardy to have trapped the Piince, and therof
complayning and fynding no remedy, he was forced to flee
towards Almayn. Hearing that the House of La Feir was
garded, and perceiving that the French Kyngwas induced by
his adversaries to creditt their false complaynts, he came hither
to intreat her Majesty that the French King wold suspend
his jugments both agaynst the King of Navarre and hym,
and accept them as his dutifiill subjects, as they meant and
intended syncerely and playneiy, without attempting any
force, otherwise than for their defence against their oppressors.
And to this I understand the ambassador used small defence,
but excused the King as one that was very loath to come to
terms of warr ; but he argued that his master was so provoked,
as he thought it a very hard matter to stay him from pro-
ceeding with such force as God had gyven hym to the ex-
pedyting of his life and crown. The ambassador went to
London, and the Prynce to his lodgyng conducted by my
Lord of Leicester, where Wylkes the clerk of the counsel at-
tendeth upon hym.
By her Majestic I perceive his just cause of coming is for
money in this sort, that is, after this rate the charges to be
borne, viz. a part by the King of Navarre and his part, and
another by Cassimir and certain princes Protestants, and a
third is required from her Majestic. What they may prove
I know not. I wish her Majestic might spend some portion
to soUicite for them some peace, to the good of the cause of
religion, but to enter into a warr, and therwith to break the
marriadg, and so to be left alone as subject to the burden of
such a wan-, I thynk no good counsellors can allow.
It is likely that the Prynce shall depart to-morrow by sea
to Flushing, from whence he came by sea, and thither by the
Rhyne from Collen, without taking land. But I think now
he will at his return visit the Prince of Aurendg.' Thus your
Lordship hath all my knowledg.
' Orange.
140 CHURCHYARD THE POET. [jUNE,
Her Majestic removeth on Tuesday, which daye I mean to
be at Westminster, if I may. My Lord Grey is making hym
ready for Ireland.
From the Court at Nonsuch, this Sunday, the . . . of June,
1581. Your Lordship's most assured,
W. BURGHLEY.
THOMAS CHURCHYARD* TO SIR CHRISTOPHER HATTON.
Sir, having tried my uttermost fortune, and passed the fire
of affliction, through a perillous pilgrimage, not voyde of
many deadly dangers, and imminente miseries, I am come,
prostrate in minde, and falling downe on my knees before my
Lord Governour of Barwicke, submytting myself to the
Queene's Majestie's mercye, and my Lorde's good favour,
always hoping that yoiu* Honour hath in mynde the promise
which I made you, for a piece of service that I meante with
hazard of my life to discover for the discharge of my dutie to
my prince and country ; leaving certain notes by worde of
mouthe and also in paper for that purpose with you. And yet
hearing no answer of sundry letters which I sent you after
my great misfortune, I remayned three months in Englande,
drawing myself downe towardes Scotland, (as I wrote unto
you,) by the meane of Monsieur Mauvissiere,t of whom 1 brake
* Thomas Churchyard was born at Shrewsbury in 1520, and had
been a domestic in the family of Lord Surrey, who is said to have en-
couraged him to turn poet. He afterwards turned soldier, was in
many battles, frequently wounded, and twice made prisoner. He
published a vast number of tracts, both in verse and prose, and at
different times was patronised by several of the great nobles at court.
He died in 1604.
* '' This Monsieur Mauvissiere was then the French ambassador re-
sident in Englande, who used Churchyard as a spy for English newes
and advertisements of .... and entertahied him with money to that
end : and to do hym some service in that kynde, he sent hym into
1581.] CHURCHYARD IN SCOTLAND. 141
with you many tymes, before my departm^e. But when I
entred Scotlande, I found thinges fall out farr otherwise then
I looked for : and so I must either sweare to be trewe to the
Kynge in that extremytie, or else departe I knew not whither.
If I had practised with Mr. Randall, it had been present
death to me, (besides he disgraced me all he could,) and if I
had written to yor Honor, I had surely smarted for it. So
that sufferance and silence was my only succour. All which
notwithstanding I obtained licence at length to make my sup-
plication to the noble parliament house, but I could finde no
messengers, till Sir John Seaton went, whom I importunated
daily to obtayne me favour for my returne home agayne. But
God knoweth, everythinge went awrye, and I stuck faste in
the stockes, among many wild wolves and cruell tygers in the
shapes of men, who would have worryed and torne me in
pieces, had not the Kinge's goodness garded me, such is their
uncivill manner and malice, and such kancred stomaks they
beare to an Englishman. I gave the Kinge a booke before
1 departed thence, which manyfested muche their nideness.
If I had tarryed there never so littell longer, no doubt it had
cost me my life, but God be thanked for a faire escape.
Most miserable wretch that I am ! howe cursed I may
seeme, after all these stormes, if I have lost her Majestie's
favor. I desire not to live longer then I maye enjoy e her
good opinion ; I crave no more for all my service, then her
gratious countenance, and that not graunted, I wishe I were
either buryed quicke, or that the seas had swallowed me. I
never meante to offende her Highness willinglie, I take God
to witness : and when I was sworne at the counsell boarde of
Scotland,* all the Lords can testifie that I protested openly I
Scotland about some exploit agreed on between them two, which was
the cause that Mr. Randall, the Queene's ambassador at that tyme in
Scotland, much disliked his being there, suspecting that he was there for
no good to the state of Englande." — Note in the margin of the original.
* " He was sworne at the Counsell Board of Scotland to be trewe to
the Kinge."— iVo^e in the margin of the MS.
142 CHURCHYARD IN PRISON. [jULY,
would never be false to the Queene's Majestic and my coun-
trye. And so, with a trewe face and a cleere conscience, I
have humbled my boddy and life to her mercie. Wherefore,
as I have ever bouldly reposed my hope wholly in your
honorable goodness, so I beseech you vouchsafe me some
comforte, who still praieth for the increase of yoiu- good gifles
of gTace and preservation of honor.
From Bardwicke, the 23rd of June, 1581.
Yor Honor's humbly at commandement,
Thomas Churchyard.
THOMAS churchyard TO SIR CHRISTOPHER HATTON.
Sir, your honorable and courteous taking of my small
paynes, with the great regard which you had of my patience
in these troubles, dothe comfort me so muche, as my happi-
nesse in sending unto you and your goodness in accepting
my letters are at strife the one with the other, which of them
both do best deserve the victory. But finding it follie, by
late experience, to depende on fortune, and resting wholly
uppon God's direction, and on the goodness of my friends,
your favourable acceptation of my poore present doth richly
rewarde me for my worke, and conquereth both my fortune,
and all other vayne hope that my presumptuous pen might
give me. God, that worketh all goodness by worthie in-
struments, hath offered me greate good hope, and wrought
a perfect meane to restore me to liberty. The man's wife,
whose husbande I serve, is contented to abandon her sute,
and henceforth to sm'cease her malice; so that I hope I
shall presently departe from prison, though not able (poore
wretche as I am !) to departe with any money. The divers
occasions of expence in my restraint, have taken from me
the best part of my purse, and only left me the bare stringes
to play withall. I blushe, being olde, to begg, and yet not
1581.] CHURCHYARD IN PRISON. 143
ashamed to receive, being a courtier. A souldier shoulde
rather snatch, than stande at worlde's benevolence : but no
man appoynts his own portion, and men often fare the worse
for snatching too bouldly. Well, I wante, and howe to gett
requyres a cunning reache. And then is simplicitie butt a
very blunt hooke, to take that which may supplie a man's
necessitie. Why feare I my feebleness? the fortune of
poettes hath been ever poore and needye. Homer had but
one eye, and knewe not where to dyne. Ovid had two eyes,
and yet could see but fewe that did him good. Vergill, Pe-
trarck, Dante, Marshall, Marrott, and many mo, were poore
and riche, but not to continue; and may not I presume
among them, as poore as the least, and a writer not always
among the worst, though not a poett, yet one that hath used
both pen and sworde, with poett's fortune as well as they, to
my owne hindrance ? Your Honor seeth my deserts, and may
easily helpe them when you please, with some small remem-
brance of your bountie and goodness. I write not this to
crave, but only desire some meanes to enlarge me, the sooner
to drive away this indigence. Your Honor's servante, or
whosoever please you, may nowe be welcome, and visite me
when they will in this sweete comfort and expectation of
present libertie, and bringe that with them which a prisoner
is glad to see, and will be most joyfully willing to receive,
whatsoever shall proceede from yom' accustomed goodness,
whom I commit to the grace of God.
From the Palace of Repentance, the 10th of July, 1581.
Humbly at your Honor's commandment,
T. Churchyard.
144 THE EARL OF OXFORD. [jULY,
LORD BURGHLEY TO SIR CHRISTOPHER HATTON.
Sir, though I cannot alwayes pay my debts, yet I use to
acknowledg them many tymes, to move my creditors to ac-
cept my good will in towardnes of payement ; and so at this
tyme, though I knowe myself many wayes indebted unto you
for your good will, except you will accept for acquyttal my
reciproque good will, I shall not be able to pay you that I
owe you. Yet yesterdaye being advertised of your good and
honorable dealing with her Majestic, in the case of my
daughter of Oxford, I would not suffer my thankes to growe
above one daye olde, and therefore in these few lines I do
presentlie thanke you, and do praye you in any proceeding
therin not to have the Earle dealt with all straynably, but
only by waye of advise, as good for himself. For otherwise
he may suspecte that I regard myself more for my daughter
than he is regarded for his libertie. I knowe only the
Quene's Majestie's motions shall further the cause, and more
then her motions I wishe not. You see, being a debtor, I pre-
scribe my manner to increase the debt, but, if I cannot ac-
quit it, I knowe it belongeth to Almightie God to do it.
I am most sorrie to heare of the disaster fallen oute yester-
daye betwixte two great plannets,* but I hope they knowe
their Jupiter, and will obey her Majestic rather to contente
her, than to follow their owne humors. It is far out of sea-
son to have these breaches ; our adversaries are ever ready
to make them greater, and to leap in also, to our common
harme.
I am not yet fully recovered ; this north-west wynde keep-
eth me back from my porte of health, which God send you
ever, with increase of honor. 13th July, 1581.
Your's assuredly,
W. BURGHLEY.
* These two planets are said to have been the Earls of Leicester and
Sussex.
1581.] CHURCHYARD IN PRISON. 145
THO. CHURCHYARD TO SIR CHRISTOPHER HATTON.
My dutie most humbly remembered, your Honor knoweth
my calamitie; long letters purchase small benefitt, as the
weight of my sorrow sheweth ; God and good men must
helpe, and in the number of the good yourselfe is one, in my
poore judgment, that maye and will do what may most re-
lieve me. I beseech you, then, weigh my afflictions, and so
worke as the world may behold your integi-itie and upright
dealing, to God's glory and your owne immortall fame. I lye
in myserie, stayned in credit, cutt off from the world, hated
of some that loved me, holpen of none, and forsaken of all,
for what juste cause I knowe not. My distresse is great, my
calling simple and not able to avayle any thing without the
assistance of your goodness ; for God's sake brynge me to
my answer, and as you shall see it fall out my accusers can
prove nothing against me, vouchsafe me speedie remedie, or
at least the justice of the lawe and the benefit of my countrie,
and if I have failed of my dutie willingiie, let me feele the
price of it. I crave no pardone,but humbly sue for favorable
expedition, for the which T appeale to your honorable judg-
ment, and praye for your good successe in all your desyres.
From the Marshalse, the 20th July, J 581.
Your Honor's in all faithfull devotion,
T. Churchyard.
THE BISHOP OF NORWICH TO LORD BURGHLEY.*
My dutie unto your good Lordshippe most humblie re-
membered, may it please your Lordshippe to understand,
* Edmond Freake, who was removed from the see of Rochester to
that of Norwich, on the death of Bishop Parkhurst. In 1584, he was
again translated to Worcester, and died there in 1590.
VOL. II. L
146 THE PURITANS. [aUG
that iliouglic Mr. Browne's* late coming into my diocese, and
leaching strange and dangerous doctrine, in all disordered
manner, hadde greatlie troubled the whole countrie, and
brought manie to great disobedience of all lawe and magis-
trates ; yet by the good ayde and helpe of my Lorde Chiefe
Justice, and Mr. Justice Anderson, his associate, the chiefest
of such factions were so greatlie dismaied, as I verilie hoped
of muche good and quietnes to have thereof ensued, hadde not
the saide Browne now returned, contrarie to my expectation,
and greatly prejudiced these their good proceedings, who
having private meetings in suche close and secrett manner,
as that I know not possible, how to suppresse the same, I
am verie sorie to forsee that, towching this my dioces, which
must needes in shorte tyme by hym and other disordered
persons, which onlie seeke the disturbance of the churche, be
brought to passe. And therefore, the carefull dutie I ought to
have to the countrie being my charge, enforceth me to crave
most earnestlie your Lordship's helpe in suppressing him es-
peciallie, that no farther inconvenience followe by this his
returne ; and procuring my Lorde Chiefe Justice, and Mr.
Anderson, suche thankes from her Majestic for their painfull
travell in that behalfe, that therebie they male be encoraged
to go still forwardes in the same. And herewithall, if it
woulde please your Lordshipe to give me your good advise,
how to prevent suche dangers, as throughe the strange deal-
ings of some of the gentlemen in Suffolk, about Burie, is like
to ensue, T should be muche bounde to your Honor for the
same : which gentlemen in winking at, if not of pollicie pro-
curing the disordered sorte to go forwards in their evil
attemptes, and discouraging the staled and wiser sorte of
preachers (as by sundrie letters which I sende your Lordship
by this bringer, may appeare more plainlie unto your Honor),
will in tyme, I feare me,hazarde the overthrow of all religion,
* This was Robert Browne, the founder of the sect called Browiiists,
and afterwards known by the name of Independents.
1581.] PEACE MADE WITH TIRLOUGH LENNOGH. 147
if it be not in due time wiselie prevented. And thus, leav-
ing the rest to the further declaration of this bringer, I
humblie betake your good Lordship to the protection of Al-
mighty God.
From Ludham, this seconde of August, 1581.
Your good Lordship's humblie at commandement,
Edmund Norwich.
LORD GREY OF WILTON TO SIR CHR. HATTON.
Sir, as your manifolde curtesies have given me cause, so
could I not chuse, reputing you in the number of my best
frendes there, but yield you my right hartie thankes for the
same, taking the opportunity of this messenger expresly to
salute you. I forbeare to trouble you with the particulars ot
my late jorney into the north e partes, for because I knowe
you shall be partakers of them by my letters which I sent
unto their Lordships. If her Majestie would have been
pleased to have graunted my demandes, I would not have
doubted, with the assistance of God, but to have settled some
better order in this jorney, as well in suppressing the pride of
Thlough, as also in expulsing the Scottes. But being now
tyed to those directions which were set downe by the table
there, and her Majestie's disposition to peace, I have done
my best endeavour to follow the one and to satisfye the other.
I have, against my will, concluded, or rather patched up, a
peace with Tirlough, being such indede as I can neither re-
pose any assurance in for a continuance of it, nor, for the
honor of it, justlie commend it. The best is that, by this
occasion, some tyme may be wonne, to yield us the more
libertie to deale with the mountayne rebells, against whom I
purpose, with God's helpe, to bende myself with all present
speede. I beseeche you to have in remembrance the gentil-
man whom before my departure thence you so often com-
mended unto me, I meane Ned Denny, that through your
L 2
148 THE DUKE OF ANJOU ENTERS CAMBRAY. [aUG.
honorable mediation he may finde her Majestie gracious in
his oidde sute, without the which his forwardnes to continue
her Majestie's service will bring him to late repentance, and
depely touch him in credit. I most earnestly pray you,
therefore, to stande to hym, and you shall no lesse increase
my bande towardes you, through your good favour vouch-
saved hym therin, then bynd the gentilman hymself to re-
mayne ever yours in all faythfull devotion. And so I com-
mit you to God.
From Dublyn, the 12th of August, 1581.
Your assured frende and most loving cosen,
A. Grey.
SIR FRANCIS WALSINGHAM* TO THE EARL OF SUSSEX.
My verie good Lord, yesternight we had newes here that
Monsieur should be entered into Cambray, whereat as so
many in the court did rejoyce as are well affected to this
crowne, so did those that favor Spayne heare verie unwil-
lingly of it. This good successe was followed by a hard
happe of the taking of the Viscount of TiuTayne, who, as
your Lordship shall understand by our common letters, seek-
ing to enter the towne with about fower score and ten horse in
his company, was taken by th'enemye before the gates, and
the greater part of the rest slayne uppon the place.
Monsieur hath now" referred himself for the matter of the
league to such resolution as the King shall take therein, being
well contented if the King be so pleased, that he shall go
forward with our mariadge, so there be nothing that may any
way tend to the prejudice of the mariadge. And thus, hav-
* Sir Francis Walsingham and Sir Henry Cobham were this sum.
mer sent into France to negotiate matters relating to the projected
marriage. The Duke of Anjou was at the head of the French
auxiliaries, aiding in the Low Countries against the Spaniards, sup-
plied chiefly with English money.
1581.] SIR WALTER RALEIGH. 149
ing nothing ells to impart unto your Lordship at this present,
I humbly take my leave.
At Paris, the 20th of August, 1581.
Your Lordship's to commande,
Fra. Walsyngham.
SIR WALTER RALEIGH* TO THE EARL OF LEICESTER.
I may not forgett continually to put your Honor in minde
of my affection unto your Lordship, having to the world
both expressed and protested the same. Your Honor having
no use of such poore followers, hath utterly forgotten me,
notwithstanding if your Lordship shall please to think me
yours and I am, I wil be found as ready and dare do as
muclie in your service as any man you may commande, and
do neither so muche despaire of myself but that I may be
some way able to performe as muche. I have spent some
tyme here under the deputy insuche poore place andchardge,
as were it not for that I knewe him to be one of yours, I wold
dysdayn as much as to keep sheepe. I will not troble your
Honor with the busines of this lost land, for that Sir Warram
Sentleger can best of any man deliver unto your Lordship,
the good, the bad, the mischeife, the meanes to amend, and
all in all of this commonwelthe or rather common-woe. He
* Sir Walter Raleigh was the son of Walter Raleigh, Esq. of Fardel
in Devonshire, and was born in 1552, at Hayes, a farm in the parish
of East Badley in thfit county. He was educated at Oxford, and learnt
the art of war in France, under the banners of the Protestants, where
he was present at the battle of jMoncontour. He afterwards served
in the Netherlands, and was with Sir John Norris at the famous action
at Rimenant. He next engaged in a voyage of adventure to America,
and on his return went to Ireland, where he served at the sieg-e of
Smerwick.
150 ELIZABETH AND THE DUKE OF ANJOU. [aUG.
hopeth to find your Honor his assured good Lorde, and your
Honor may moste assuredly command hym ; he is lovingly
inclyned towards your Honor, and your Lordship shall win
by your favor towards hym, a wyse, faythfull, and valiant
gentleman, whose worde and deeds your Honor shall ever
find to be one. Thus having no other matter, but only I de-
sire the continuance of your Honor's favor, I shall take my
leave. From the Campe of Leismore, in Ireland, August
the 25th.
Your Honor's faithfull and obedient,
W Rauley.
I am bold, being bound by very conscience, to commend
unto yom' Honor's consideration the pitifull estate of John
Fitts Edmonds, of Cloyne, a gentleman, and the only man
untoucht and proved true to the Queue both in this and the
last rebellion. Sir Warram can declare his service what he
is, and what he deserveth.
THE QUEEN TO SIR EDWARD STAFFORD.*
Stafford, as I greatly regard your poor man's diligence, so
will I not leave him unrewarded. For the charge I have
written to Monsieur that I have given in to you, this it is :
first for the commissioners authorities I have good reason
to require that they may be as I desyred, both for present
mislikes as well as for after mishaps. It happened in Queen
Mary's days that when a solemn ambassade of five or six at
the least were sent from the emperor and King of Spain, even
after the articles were signed, sealed, and the matter divulged,
the danger was so near the Queen's chamber-door, that it was
* Sir Edward Stafford was sent envoy to France, chiefly to observe
the behaviour of the French towards the Low Countries, of which the
sovereignty had been offered to the Duke of Anjou.
1581.] ELIZABETH AND THE DUKE OF ANJOU. ]51
high time for those messengers to depart without leave-
taking, and bequeathed themselves to the speed of the river-
stream, and by water passed with all possible haste to Graves-
end, and so away. I speak not this that I fear the like, but
when I make collection of sundry kinds of discontentments
all tied in a bundle, I suppose the faggot will be harder al-
together to be broken. There is even now another accident
fallen out of no small consequence to this realme. I am sure
the States have accorded to the demands of Monsieur, and do
present him the sovereignty of all the Low Countries. Sup-
pose, now, how this may make our people think well of him,
and of me to bring them to the possession of such neighbours.
O Stafford ! I think not myself well used, and so tell Monsieur
that I am made a stranger to myself, who he must be, if this
matter take place. In my name shew him how impertinent
it is for this season, to bring to the ears of our people so un-
timely news. God forbid that the banes of our nuptial feast
should be savoured with the sauce of our subject's wealth !
O what may they think of me that for any glory of my own
would procure the ruin of my land. Hitherto they have
thought me no fool : let me not live the longer the worse.
The end crowneth all the work. 1 am sorry that common
posts of London can afford me surer news than the inhabi-
tants of touns will yield me. Let it please Monsieur to sus-
pend his answer unto them till he send some unto me of
quality and of trust to communicate and concur with that I
may think best for both our honours : for I assure him it shall
too much blot his fame if he deale otherwise, not only in my
sight unto whom it hath pleased him to promise more than
that, but especially to all the world, that be overseers of his
actions. Let him never procure her harm whose love he
seeks to win. ]\fy mortal foe can no ways wish me a greater
losse than England's hate, neither should death be less wel-
come unto me than such mishap betide me. You see how
neaHy this matter wringeth me, u^^ it accordingly. If it
please him the deputies may have the charge of this matter
162 THi: CALVINISTS. [sEPT.
joined with the otlier two that were aforementioned. I dare
not assure Monsieur how this greater matter will end untill I
be assured what way he will take with the Low Countries ;
for rather will I never meddle with marriage, than have such
a bad covenant added to my part. Shall it be ever found
true that Queen Elizabeth hath solemnized the pei'petuall
harm of England under the glorious title of marriage with
Francis, heir of France ? No, no : it shall never be. Mon-
sieur may fortune ask you " why should not the Low Coun-
tries be governed by the indwellers of that country as they
were wont, and yet under my superiority as well as the King
of Spain did ?" I answer, the case is too far different, since
the one is far off by seas distance, and the other near upon the
^ continent. We willingly will not repose our whole trust so
j far in the French nation, as we will give them in pawn all our
•fortune, and afterward stand to their discretion. I hope I
shall not live to that hour. Farewell, with my assurance that
you will serve with faith and diligence. In haste.
Your Sovereign,
Elizabeth.
SIR FRANC IS KNOLLYS TO LORD BURGHLEY AND THE
EARL OF LEICESTER.
My very good Lords, your ablenes and redynes to do good
in these peryllous dayes of trayterous practises both agaynst
God and agaynst her Majestic, doth bolden me to presume to
remember your Lordships, that by your meanes order may be
taken, that the two authors and favorers of the setting forthe
of Castalio his books*, with the abuses of the Bishop of
London in that behalfe, may be diligently examyned and
bowlted out, that hypocrisy herin used being known, the
* Sebastian Castalio was a famous Calvinist of Basil, born in 1515,
and died in 1563. There were editions of his Dialogi iSacri printed at
London in 1555, 1573, and 1580.
1581.] THE FAMILY OF LOVE. 153
pestilent doctryne therof may be the more sowndly sup-
pressed : for it seemeth to me that these free-will men, or
anabaptisticall sectaries, do followe the same scoope that
the deified men of the Family of Love* do follow, saving that j
the same perfection that the Famyly of Love do pretend to
obtayne by the vertue of love, the same perfection do Castalio
his sectaries pretend to obtayne by the doctryne of faythe. \
But it is not by faythe in believing to be saved by the merytes \
of Christ, but by a faythe in believing that every man is able \
to fulfyllthe lawe of God, and that the cause why men do not ■
fulfyll the lawe is the wante of this Castalio his beliefe.
Nowe both these sectes do serve the tiu-nes of the Papistes,
as all free-wyll men and justiciaries or justifiers of them-
selves do, yet this difference is betweene the Papistes and those
sectaries, I do meane touching their practises here in England ;
for these Sectaries are more hypocriticall, and woll sooner
denye their doctryne and assertions to avoyde punyshment,
then the Papistes woll. But the Papistes secrete practyses
by those Jesuytes,in going from howse to howse to withdraw
men from the obedyence of her Majestic, unto the obedience of
the false catholicke church of Roome, hathe and will indanger
her Majestie's person and state more then all the sectes of the
worlde, if no exeqution shall followe uppon the trayterous
practysers that are for the same apprehended ; or at the least,
if exeqution shall not followe uppon such of them as woll not
openly and playnly recante.
* The sect who called themselves the Family of Love, or House of
Charity, was imported from Holland, and made a great noise about
this time. They persuaded their followers that those only were elect
and to be saved, who were admitted into their family, and that all the
rest of the world would be inevitably damned. They dispersed many
of their fanatical books about the country, translated out of Dutch into
Eng-lish, and bearing such titles as " The Gospel of the Kingdom/'
" Documentall Sentences," ^'^ The Prophecy of the Spirit of Love,"
and " The Publishing of Peace upon Earth." Against these books, and
people who favoured and distributed them, a severe proclamation had
been made on the 9th of October, 1580.
154 RELIGIOUS DISORDERS. [SEPT.
Tims desyring your Lordships, that are the two heads of
the two unyversities of England, to pardon my boldnes htrin,
becawse I, that am an unworthie person and halfe an abjecte,
do expect great good things at your Lordships' handes, which
hathe emboldened me herunto, and so I take leave of your
Lordships. At London, going into my countrye, to the
Quarter-sessions at Oxford, the 29th of September, 1581.
Your good Lordships' to comand,
F. Knollys.
THE BISHOP OF LONDON* TO LORD BURGHLEY.
After my hartie commendations to your good Lordship,
whereas I understand her Majestic is offended with certain
disorders in Essex, and especially with such exercises as are
thought to be had and contynued in the Lord Riche his
howse,t the minister whereof is one Wright, (ordained I cannot
tell how nor where), it maie please your good Lordship to
informe her Highnes, that in the late Lord Riche his tyme
(father unto this nobleman) I had many great stormes at his
hande for the staying of them, and now of late, within this
fortnight, the now Lord Riche came to my howse to Full-
ham, together with his base uncle and another, to entreat me
to licence the said Wright to preach in my Diocese, which
because I utterly denyed, miles he would subscribe to the
orders of this churche, his said base uncle did so shake me
up, as I was never so abused at any man's hand since I was
borne. For the which I would have committed him, but that
we were not three present together, to do it according to the
* John Aylmer, who succeeded Sandys in 1576, and died in 1598.
t Robert, third Lord Rich, of Lees Priory, in Essex. He succeeded
his father to the titles and estates in 1581. He was with the Earl of
Essex at the taking of Cadiz, and was by James L created Earl of
Warwick,
1581.] CAMPION IN THE TOWER. 155
autoritie of the commission. Nevertheles we have deter-
mined to call him at our first sitting in the terme. As for
the Lord Riche himself, I gave him great warning that he
followed not his counsels in those matters ; if he did, I must
needs make her Majesty privie to it, and so I meant to do.
Wright, that is their preacher, I cannot come by, unles we
should send a power of men to fetche him out of a noble-
man's house ; for I have chardged both the father and the son
to send him to me, and they both have promised, but never
performed. Therefore, seeing that we do as farr as our com-
mission giveth us leave, I trust her Majestic will think the
best of our doings, and not either suffer us to be defaced of
such busy-bodies, or be grieved with us for not doing that
which our autoritie reacheth not unto. How I have struggled
with them in this behalf these two whole yeres past, it is
well-known to all that countrie, and yet, unless we should
pull them owt by the ears, I know not how we should come
by them.
Touching the conferences with Campion in the Tower, I
wrote unto Mr. Lieutenant of my mislyking that so many
were admitted to it, whose auctoritie is not to be directed
there by me, but by her Majesty and your Lordships. And
for the ill opinion that I had of it, I sent to staie it. The
translating of Whittacre's book,* and the publishing thereof,
I minde to staie, if it come to my hands. Thus, hoping that
your Lordship will intreat her Majestic not to give ear to
every information made against us, but rather to consider
into what peaceable tranquillitie God, by my poor service
hath brought not only London and my whole dioces, but also
the most part of England, since I came to this place, and where-
by I have (as I think in my conscience) rather deserved her
* William Whitaker was one of the most eminent divines of this
reign. He was borne at Holme in Lancashire,, in 1547, and died in
1595, and was a voluminous and able writer. He wrote a book in
Latin in answer to Campion's " Ten Reasons," which was printed in
1581.
156 BATTLE OF NORTHORNE. [oCT.
gracious favour, then discouragement, for I am hated on the
other side like a dogge, and am called the oppressor of the
children of God, I take my leave of your good Lordship,
beseeching God to blesse you.
Fullham, the 29th of September, 1581.
Your good Lordship's most assuredly in Christe,
John London.
CHRISTOPHER HODDESDON TO .
(Andwarpc, 15 October, 1581.)
The overthrowe in Friz eland* was very greate, and the
fight long, so as th'enemie stoode longe in termes to be
overthrowen, if the rest of the States' horsemen had donne
iheir duties as well as Captaine Williams his comet, who
brake through th'enemie a greate waye and came back in
the middst of them. Two barrels of powder that fyred by
chaunce made the first disorder amongest the States men, and
their owne horsemen in the retraite coming close uppon them
moved the enemie to passe on their men forwards.
The fight and execution dured very long, and most of
th'ensignes taken by th'enemie, which they drew along the
streetes of Groeninghen, and about the churche, where they
went fourtene times, and with the fyve pieces of ordynance
by them also gotten. The chief of the field who did this
feate is said to be hurte, with divers other of their leaders,
and men of charge.
Norryes is, God be thanked, without daunger, only is like
to loose one of his fingers, and his brother's hurte mendeth.
Divers lieutenants and others that were missing are come
home againe, and sundry taken that were thought slayne, but
four or five captaynes are deade.
Notwithstanding this conflict and overthrowe, the States
* This was the battle of Northonie.
1581.] SIR PHILIP SYDNEY. 157
men will sliortely agayne in field, abled to keep th'enemie from
doing any greate harme, who since his victorie is still and
beginnes to sing for money.
Endouen being pressed by assaultes, and not sufficient
power within longer to withstand the same, yelded by com-
position to depart with their armor and ensignes. Those
that where sent to reskew it, being not in meanes equall by
the third part, and the comitry verie plaine, and no retreate
within a great way, did not think convenient to adventm'e
their men, being the garrisons of many places.
Monsieur, who was so earnestly expected, is said not to
come this winter, so as the preparations that were a making
both at Gaunt, Brudge, and other places, to resist him, are
stayed.
Th'enemie on the suddayne in Flaunders with all his
forces went to Tornay, whither the cannon was brought, and
a showe was made as if he woulde have laid seige thereunto,
knowing therin to be but three or four companies of men ;
but to mete with this show the Prince of Pinoij his lieute-
nante used suche a course with the burghers that all promised
to stand to it, and such as would not take an oathe by him
and the magistrats devised showide depart the towne, so
there is not heard of any things to be done by th'enemie.
SIR PHILIP SYDNEY TO SIR CHRISTOPHER HATTON.
Right honorable, I have spoken with my father touching
Poorescoml,* which Mr. Dennye sues for. He tells me as-
suredly that it is most necessary some Engiishe gentilman
should have it, being a place of greate importaunce, and fallen
to her Majestic by rebellion of the owner. As for him that
sueth for it in the Court, he is indeede a good honest fellowe,
according to the broode of that nation ; but being a bastard,
* Powerscourt near Dublin.
158 A VOYAGE OF ADVENTURE. [oCT.
he hath no lawc to recoTer it, and he is muche too weake to
keepe it. So that your Honour may do well, if it please you,
to folio we this good turn for Mr. Dennye, who can and will
endeavor to deserve it of her Majestie, and do you service for
it in all faythfull good-will whensoever you shall commando
him. And so I humbly take my leave, and rest at your
devotion. From the Courte, the 17th of October, 1581.
Your Honor's humbly at commandement as you
have bounde me,
P. S.
SIR JOHN HAWKYNS TO MR. HOLLAND.
I have received your letter of the 19th of this present, to-
gether with a letter inclosed from Sir Francys Drake, of the
14th of the same.
I wold be glad my ability and state w^ere such as I might
be an adventurer in this jorney ; but I assure you I had so
great a burden layd upon me in this last preparation, that
with all the means that I can make I am hai'dly able to over-
come the debt I owe her Majestie and kepe my creditt. It is
wellknowen to you, Mr. Bolland, to whom I dyd at large de-
clare my losses and burdens, besyde the shipping and other
dead provisions which lay upon my handes.
My syknes doth contynually abyde with me, and every
second day I have a fytt ; if I looke broade in the ayre but one
howre, I can hardly recover it in six daies with good order, so
as I am hartely sony that I cannot attende upon my very
good Lord,* whom I am desyrous to satisfye according to my
abylytie, if I had strength, for I am more lyke to provyde for
my grave then incomber me with worldly matters.
There cannot lacke neither adventiu:ers nor anythyng that
is good, to the furtherance of so'good an attempt, which enter-
* The Earl of Leicester.
1581.] RIOT ON THE RIVER LEA. 159
prise I have had always a very good lyking unto for the farder
benefytting of our countrey, which God, I hope, will send to
a good and prosperous end, and so I hartely take my leave.
From Chattham, the 20th of October, 1581.
Your assured and loving friend,
John Hawkyns.
W. FLETEWOOD TO LORD BURGHLEY.
Righte honorable and my singular good Lorde, this present
Saturday being the 21st of this present moneth of October,
Mr. Fanshawe, Mr. Basshe, Mr. Colshill, Mr. Leake, Mr.
Clarke, and myself, mette at Tottenham for th'examination
and boulling oute of certain misorders comytted by sondry
lewde personnes in cutting dow^ne the bankes of the river
Lee,' to th'intente not only to hynder, but even to overthrowe
the passage betwene Ware and London. And throughe the
diligent care of Mr. Fanshaw, the chiefs offenders were
brought before us ; and by examynations of such as we dealte
withall in the forenone,we coulde learne nothing, whereby we
were halfe discoraged:' but in th'afternone one poore man,
that was a doer, and being examined upon his oathe in the
forenone, at which tyme he comytted manyfest perjurie, did
for feare he should have gone to Newgate confesse moste of
all the mysdemeanors and who were the doers, and then we
examyned those whom he had accused, wherof some were
Mr. Wrothe's men, and the residue were of Enfielde. Of
these, one of Mr. Wrothe's men, being his horsekeper, did
after muche ado take his oathe and confesse all the truthe,
and that he himself was a principall doer; the other of Mr.
Wrothe's men, being his purveyor of wheate and malt, did
commit wilfull perjurie, and would confesse nothing, though
he were charged by them that were at the acte doing.
' The river Lea.
160 lUOT ON THE RIVER LEA. [oCT.
Certain other being sworne, having used certain rebelUous
and seditious words, did utterlye denye the same, althoughe
they were confronted with severall wytnesses upon their
oathes. Some others, being chiefe offenders, did bothe
utterly refuse to take any oathe, and also denyed to be
examyned. The constable of the hundred, called Goddard,
being a chiefe mayntayner and comforter of the said offenders,
was sworne before us and examyned, and upon his oathe he
hathe concealed not only the truthe, but also entered into cer-
tain peremptory arguments in defence of these misdemeanors,
and did not stick to publyshe some clamorous speeches,
tending towards a rebellious sturr of sundry townshipps as
had nothing a do with the matter, as Awdenham for example.
In th'ende of all our travell, being towarde nighte, there
came in substantiall proofe of a matter, that we were all sory
Yor, and that was Mr. Wrothe^ had mysdemeaned himselfe
withoute the compas of all reason, in speaking publicly
certain words against the Queen's Highnes and the councell.
The words tended in myne opynion very much towards a
rebellion, and were suche as in good reason may not lightlie
be passed over. He was not with us himselfe ; but as touch-
ing the constable of the hundred, for that he dwelling with-
in lesse than a mile of the place could by no meanes either
knowe or heare, or ells did enquire of the saide mysdemeanors,
but commytting wilfull perjurye, did with many strong argu-
ments (as he thoughte) defende the foresaide mysdemeanors,
we have commytted hym to Newgate, and two or three more
that dyd the lyke. And those that did confesse the trewlh
we dismyssed home to their owne howses, untill they should
be called for agayne. This constable of the hundred, God-
dard, was placed this last yere by the importunate sute of
Mr. Wrothe, and one Searle of Edmonton, being an honest
man, was put from the same office upon a small occasion,
* Sir Thomas Wroth, who had much property in Enfield and th^
neighbourhood, and farmed a stream which ran into the Lea, on which
he had some mills.
1581.] RIOT ON THE RIVER LEA. 161
and thereupon commytted to Newgate, where he remayned a
weeke. In myne opynion it were mete that Curie were re-
stored to his ofFyce, and that this man were put owte for his
lewde demeanor.
I have served in many commissions, bothe in the Northe
and Southe, a long tyme, and I assure your Lordship I
never mett with suche stubborne varletts as those be that ap-
peared before us this daie. Uppon Frydaie nexte we mete
agayne for the examining of the reste, and making up our
booke.
I have persuaded my fellow^es to mete at London at the
sessions halle of Newgate, the which is a fitter schole-
howse for suche lewde people as these are, then Tottenham
is. And this is the sum and efFecte of our travell for
this daie. We satt at Mr. Sherife Martyn's howse at Tot-
tenham, where he sent his cooks and made us a greate
dynner. It was informed us credibly that, upon Mondaie
last, Mr. Wrothe made a marvelous greate sturr at the Swane-
mote in the forrest, wherby her Majestye's servise was greatly
hyndered, and the officers there greatly disquieted. I feare
the gentleman be over muche puffed in pride, with over
muche lyving and wealthe. I have alw^aies loved his father
and hym well, and therfore I do wishe the things that be
amysse were amended. Thus most humblie I take my leave
of your good Lordship, this Saturdaie night, 1581.
Your Lordship's most humble to my small power,
W. Fletewoode.
W. FLETEWOOD TO MR. SECRETARY.
May it please your Honor, I am bolder of you than doth
become me, and specyally in wryting of matters unpleasant.
The truthe is that within these two dayes Mr. Norton's mo-
ther hath drowned herself. His father being very aged and
VOL. II. M
162
SUICIDE OF A WITCH. [NOV
extreme sick, is not lyke to lyve. His habitation is near to
Bedford.
But to make your Honor the better acquainted with this
matter, it is so that this woman was but mother-in-lawe to
Tho. Norton. She in her youth was brought up in Sir
Thomas More's howse, in which place she dyd learne the
idolatries, toys, and usages in the night seasons, as thereby
she was ledd by evill spirits some tyme to hange herself, and
some tyme to drowne herself. Some parte of her lewd de-
meanor was in the lewd exercise of Nicromancia ; that is to
saye, in conference and speeches had (as she thought) with
dead bodies, being of her old acquayntance. But the cause
why I am so bold to write this to your Honor is this : this
woman hath left behind her divers children, who are but half
brothers to Tho. Norton, the which are shrewdlie given.
And if the old man should die, it is to be feared all his goods
will come to a spoile ; and therefore, if Mr. Peter Osborne
had any commandement, I think he could devise some good
order for the saving of things that may be lost. I beseeche
your Honor to make my Lord Treasurer acquaynted with
this unfortunate cause, for surely I am loathe to trouble his
Honor with such unpleasant matters.
Your Lordship's bounden,
W. Fletewoode.
SIR PHILIP SYDNEY TO SIR CHRISTOPHER HATTON.
Sir, I do here sende you my booke ready drawen and pre-
pared for her Majestie's signature, in such order as it should
be ; which I humbly beseech you to get signed accordinglie,
with as much speede as you may convenientlie, for the thing
of itself in many respects requyreth haste, and I finde my
present case more pitied than perchance it could be hereafter,
when happily resolution either way will be hard to gett, and
make my suite the more tedious. Mr. Popham thought it
would be littell or nothing worth unto me, because so many
1581.] SIR PHILIP SYDNEY. 163
have oftentymes so fruitlessly laboured in it : and this is the
generall opinion of all men, which I hope will make it have
the easier passage : but indeede, I am assured the thinge is
of good value, and therefore, if it shall please you to pass any
thinge in my booke, you shall command it as your owne, for
as much or as littell as yourselfe shall resolve of; it will do
me no hurte that seeke only to be delyvered out of the comber
of debtes ; and if it may do your Honor pleasure in any-
thinge of importance, I shall be hartily glad of it. I passe
nothinge by any other instrument, than by your owne ser-
vante, and it shall greately contente me that the suite is of
such a nature as I may have meanes at the last to shewe
how ready I am to requite some parte of your favours to-
wards me. If it is not done before this day sevennight, I
shall be in gi'eate feare of it ; for being once knowen it will
be surelie crost, and perhappes the time will not be so good
as it is at the presente, which of all other thinges putteth me
in greatest confidence of good success with the helpe of your
honorable favor. If you finde you cannot prevaile, I beseech
you lett me knowe it as soon as may be, for I will even
shamelesly once in my life, bringe it her Majestic myselfe :
neede obeys no lawe, and forgets blushing : nevertheless, I
shall be much the more happier, if it please you indeede to
bynde me for ever by helping me in these combers. And
so praying for your good successe in everythinge, and in
this especially, (my greatest hope of comforte,) I humbly
take my leave.
From Barnard's Castel, the 13th of November, 1581.
Your Honour's humbly at commandement,
P. Sidney.
SIR PHILIP SYDNEY TO SIR CHRISTOPHER HATTON.
Right Honorable, I must ever contynue to thanke you, be-
cause you alwayes continue to bynde me, and for that I have
M 2
164 APPREHENSION OF ROGUES. [jAN.
no other meanes to acknowledge the bande, but my humble
thankes. Some of my friendes counsell me to stande uppon
her Majestie's offer, touching the forfeyture of papists' goodes.
Truly, Sir, I knowe not howe to be more sure of her Highnes
in that, then I thought myself in this. But though I were,
in truthe it goeth against my harte to prevent a Prince's
mercie. My necessitie is greate. I beseech you, vouchsafe
me your honorable care and good advise : you shall hold a
harte from falling, that shall be ever yours. And so I humbly
take my leave.
At Salisbury, the I8th of December, 1581.
Your Honour's humbly at commandment,
P. Sydney.
W. FLETEWOOD TO LORD BURGHLEY.
My singular good Lord, upon Thursdaye at even her Ma-
jestic in her coache were in Islyngton for taking of the aire.
Her Highnes was environed with a number of rogues. One
Mr. Stone, a footeman, came in all haste to my Lord Maior,
and after to me, and told us of the same.
I dyd the same night send warrants out into the sayd
quarters, and into Westminster and the Duchie, and in the
morning I went abrode myself, and I tooke that daye 74
roogs, whereof some were blind, and yet great usurers, and
very riche. And the same daye towards night I sent for Mr.
Harrys and Mr. Smithe, and the Governors of Bridewell, and
took all the names of the roogs, and sent them from the Ses-
sions hall unto Bridewell, where they remayned that night.
Upon Twelf Daye in the forenoone, the Master of the Rolls,
myself, and others, receaved a charge before my Lords of the
Counsell as touching roogs and masteries-men, and to have
a privie searche. The same daye at after dyner (for I dyned
at the Rolls) I mett the Governors of Bridewell ; so that
afterwards we examined all the sayd roogs, and gave them
158*2.] THE SAVOY. 165
substancial payment. And the strongest we bestowed
in the myhie, and the lighters. The rest were dismyssed
with a promise of double paye if we raett with them
agayne.
Upon Sondaye, being crastino of the Twelf Daye, I dyned
with Mr. Deane of Westminster, when I conferred with hym
tonching Westminster and the Duchie, and then I tooke
order for Sowthwarke, Lambeth, and Newington, from
w^hence I receyved a shoal of 40 roogs, men and women, and
above. T bestowed theym in Bridewell. I dyd the same
afternowne peruse Pooles,' where I tooke abowt 20 cloked
roogs, that there use to kepe standing ; I placed them also in
Bridewell.
The next morning, being Monday, the Master of the Rolls
and the rest tooke order with the constables for a privie
searche against Thursdaye at night, and to have the offenders
brought to the Sessions hall upon Frydaye in the morninge,
where we the justices shold mete. And against the same
tyme, my Lord Maior and I dyd the lyke in London and
Sowthwarke,
The same afternoone the Masters of Bridewell and I mett,
and after every man being examined, cache one receyved
his payment according to his deserts. At which tyme the
strongest were put to worke, and the other dismissed into
theire countries. The same daye the Master of the Savoye
was with us, and sayd he was sworne to lodge clai(dicantes,
egrotantes, et peregrinantes. And the next morning I sente
the constables of the Duchie to the hospitall, and they
brought unto me sixe tall fellowes, that were draymen unto
brewers, and were neither clandicantes, egrotantes, nor
peregrinantes. The constables, if they might have had
their own wills, would have brought as many more. The
Master dyd wryte a very curteous letter unto us to pardon
them. And although he wrote charitably unto us, yet
' St. Paul's.
166 ROGUES IN LONDON. [jAN.
were they all sowndly payed, and sent home to their
masters.
All Tuesday, Weddensdaye, and Thursdaye, there came in
no small nmnber of roogs ; they were rewarded all according
to their deserts. Upon Frydaye mornyng, at the Justice
Hall, there were brought in above a hundred lewd people,
taken in privie searche. The Masters of Bridewell receyved
them, and immediately gave them punishment.
This Satterdaye, after causes of conscience heard by my
Lord Maior and me, I dined and went to Polls, and into
other places, as well within the libertes as elswhere, and I
found not one rooge stirring. Amongest all these thyngs, I
dyd note that we had not of London, Westminster, nor
Sowthvvark, nor yet Middlesexe, nor Surrey, above 12, and
those we have taken order for. The residue for the most
were of Wales, Salop, Cestre, Somerset, Bow^kingham,
Oxford, and Essex ; and that fewe or none of them
had bene abowte London above three or four monethes. I
dyd note also, that we mett not agayne with any in all our
searches, that had receaved punishmente. The chiefe nur-
serie of all these evell people is the Savoye and the brick-
kilnes nere Islyngton. As for the brick-kylnes, we will take
suche order that they shall be reformed. And I trust, by
your good Lordship's help, the Savoye shall be amended ;
for surelie, as by experience I fynd it, the same place, as it is
used, is not conducted to a good use or purpose. And this
shall suffice for roogs.
Upon Weddensdaye las tj a French e merchaunt, in a bagge
sealed, delivered to a carrier's wife of Norwich 401. to be
carried to Norwich. She secretlie conveyed the money to a
house a good way off from the Inne ; and within halfe a
quarter of an howre the Frenche merchaunt came agayne to
see his money packed up. But the woman denyed that ever
she received one penny, with suche homble protestations as
I never heard of before. Mr. Secretarie Walsingham wrote
me his letters for the ayde of the Frencheman, and after great
1582.] ROBBERY OF A FRENCHMAN. 167
search made, the money was founde and restored. She not
knowing of the same, I examined her in my studie private-
lie, but by no meanes she wold not confesse the same, but
dyd bequeath herself to the devell, both bodie and sowle, if
she had the money or ever sawe it.
And this was her trust, that she then had not the money,
and indeed she sayd the truth, for it was eyther at her
frond's where she left it, or els delyvered. And then I per-
ceyving her fewke, I asked her whether the Frenche merchaunt
dyd not bring her a bagge sealed full of metall, that was
weightie, were it eyther plates, coyne, cownters, or suche
lyke.
Then quoth she, " I will aunswer no further." And then
I used my Lord Maior's advise, and bestowed her in Bride-
well, where the masters and I sawe her punished, and being
well whipped, she sayd that the devell stood at her elbowe
in my studie and willed her to denye it, but so soone as she
was upon the crosse to be punished, he gave her over. And
thus, my singular good Lord, I end this tragicall part of this
wicked woman.
This mornyng the Deputie of Holborne and two of the
Wardmote, brought me this examination. I send for the
partie : he was brought before my Lord Maior and me, and
we have commanded hym to warde, expecting yoiu* good
Lordship's advise, as touching his offence.
Thus most humbly I send unto your good Lordship this
last week's Diarye, ceasing at this tyme to trouble your Honor
any farther.
At Bacon House, this 14th of January, 1581.
Your Lordship's most bounden,
W. Fletewoode.
THOMAS NORTON TO SIR CHRISTOPHER HATTON.
It maye please your Honor, before any aunswer to your
letter, to receave aunswer to your goodness, and that is no-
168 THOMAS NORTON. [FEB.
thing but tliankes unto your virtue, and my prayer to God for
your prosperitie, beseeching you to be assured that I am still,
as you have ever knowne me, a true foole at the worst. For
the matter of your letter, I am so throwne downe in hartc,
and in loathing of myne arrogancie, in offending her whom
I least should, and never willinglie would, T take God to
witnes, that since my last check, I never durst enter into any
matter of state uncommanded ; and I do so flee the perill of
offence that way, that I have not conceived the hardines
once to go aboute any such work. T feare lest the Queen's
ould enemies and myne, the papistes, have spred this rumor
of me to increase my trouble, as of one that even in restraynte
cannot have grace or patience to be silent. Neverthelessc, if
I were commanded by my Lorde Treasurer, my singular good
Lorde, to deale in it, whom it toucheth especially, and who,
by employment in her Majestie's service that way, hath some
understanding of this case, the papistes should knowe that
howesoever I lye on the grounde, and crye on my knees to
my soverayne lorde and lady, God and the Queue, that yet
Norton, with a true man's harte and face, can and dare
speake on tiptoe. And though 1 desire not to undertake
any such worke, but do shunne it as stormes in a broade sea
for a weake vescell, yet at commandement I will refuse no
adventure, and having once performed it, I will then offer it
to my Lord Treasurer and your Honors, to be done withall
as they shall thynke best. And for the printing, I must not
forgett that I have your Honor's letters. In the mean tyme I
commend you to the Almighty, and myself, under him, to
your goodness, beseeching you to give me your good testi-
monye to my Lorde Treasurer, of my obsequiousnes in her
Majesty's service.
At my close prisone home, in London, * the 28th of Feb.
158L
Your Honor's most humbly bounden,
Thomas Norton.
* In a letter in the same volume as this, dated April 10, 1582, and
1582.] SEMINARY PRIESTS. 169
W. FLETEWOOD TO LORD BURGHLEY.
Right Honorable and my singular good Lord, I am right glad
of your Lordship's amendment. I beseeche God to continue
yom' Lordship in helthe. During the tyme of this Lent we
have bene occupied with seminarie priests, masse-mongers,
libellers, and suche lyke. It fell out in the first weke of Lent,
that there was a booke cast abroad in commending of Cam-
pion and his fellowes, and of theire deathe. I pursued the
matter so neare that I found the presse, the letters, the figures,
and a number of the books, and being in this searche, one
Osborne, a seminarie priest, came dropping into a chamber
where Mr. TopclifF of the court and I were. Him we ex-
amined, and it appeared that he was a seminarie priest, and
had dwelt in the hospitall at Rome thre yeres, and after he
was professed into a howse of Franciscanes, being barefoote
friars, that lived by begging, and labored, as he saithe, by
cutting of woo<l and bearing of it upon their backs. They
lie upon no bedds, but tumble in the strawe lyke swine ; they
use no shirts ; they have no more garments but suche as they
dayly weare, the which are slender, thinne, and extreme cold.
Their diett is most slender, and they eat but ones a daye, and
contynually they drynke water ; they may touche no money.
Et sunt luidique ohriiti pediculis. Being of this order but
seven weeks, it being so strayt, he was drj^ven to flee, and
came into England, and in Christenmas he sayd sundry
masses at Mr. Browne's house, my Lord Viscount's brother,
before my Ladie Vaux, and certain others. And in Crastino
Epiplianice he said masse in the Flete, in my Lord Vaux his
therefore, little more than a month after it, he thanks Sir Christopher,
and particularly Lord Burghley, (" to whom I am most highly boun-
den for my delyverie by his mediation"), for obtaining his enlargement,
and speaks of his *^' so greate losse, to so poore a man, so burthened
with charge as I am, and the lamentable estate of my poor wife, wher-
of I am not yet in full hope of recoverie, and her losse were my utter
worldly destruction."
170 SEMINARY PRIESTS. [MAY,
chamber, before my Lord, Mr. Treassham, Mr. Tirwitt, and
others. For the which ofFens these thre were upon Weddens-
daye last convicted in the Yeld Hall, at an oyer and deter-
miner, where they sayd Osborne did give lyvelie evidence,
although they before jugement did stowtelie denie the same,
yet after they dyd most humblie submitt theymselfs unto her
Majestic, and so departed to prison agayne.
This Osborne is nephew to Sir Robert^ Lane, and nere
akyn to my Lord Vaux and to Mr. Tresham.
At this oyer and determiner there was arraigned one Mrs.
Rogers, some tyme wife of one Barnerd Sharerd of Grey's Inne,
for hearing of a masse at Shroftide, in the howse of the wife
of Francis Alford, in Salisbury Court, at which masse was
Mrs. Alford herself, and one Rogers a gentilman, and one
Hyde, who is Mrs. Alford's man. (Hyde was reconsiled by
Deane.)
The seminarie priest was one Deane. This Deane and
the sayd Hyde dyd give the evidence, and for that cause Mr.
Secretarie's pleasure was that they should be spared. Mrs.
Alford was spared, because Mr. Frauncis is bound for her,
and she promiseth to go to the churche, and this is by Mr.
Secretarie's orders.
(My Lord, I have sent unto yout Honor a box of such stuffe
as these Ubellers use for their printe. There be certain
Irishemen that are the utterers of the last lewd booke ; one
Dowdale dothe use to sell them.)
At this last gaole delyverie one Margaret Harding, a no-
table pickpurse, was executed. The weeke before Christmas
she pleaded her pardon for the lyke fault ; that pardon was, as
it was said, procured by Monsieur de Alpheme, but one gen-
tilman now in the court, as she reported, had an 100 markes,
whose name appeareth in the first word of the ninth line in
ista pag. * This woman hathe had the benetit of sundry
other pardones, as well generall as spcciall. There is one
* Sir Robert Lane^ see above,, line 8.
1582.] FLETEWOOD THE RECORDER. 171
Crofts, and Bacon, that were condemned for a robberie done
nere Ware ; they are reprieved.
For any other things here happening, there are none worthie
wry ting of, save this one thing, that here are fortie brables and
pickeries done abowt this towne more in any one daye than
when I first came to serve was done in a moneth. The rea-
son is of these multitude of buildings being stuffed with poore,
needie, and of the worst sort of people.
Trulie, my singular good Lord, 1 have not leasure to eat
my meat, I am so called upon. I am at the least the best
parte of an hundred nights in a yere abroad in searches. I
never reste. And when I serve her Majestic, then I am for
the most parte the worste spoken of, and that many tymes.
In the court I have no man to defend me, and as for my Lord
Maior, my chief hand, I am dry ven every dale to backe hym
and his doings. My good Lord, for Christ's sake ! be suche
a meane for me as that with creditt I maye be removed by
her Majestic from this intollerable toyle. Certainlie I serve
in a thankles soile. There is, as I learne, lyke to fall a
roome of the Queue's Serjant ; if your Lordship please to
helpe me to one of these roomes, I assure your Honor that I
will do her Majesty as paynfull service as sixe of them shall
do. Helpe me, my good Lord, in this my humble sute, and
I will, God willing, sett downe for your Lordship suche a
booke of the lawe as your Lordship will lyke of.
This Saterdaye, 2d May, 1582, Bacon House.
Your good Lordship's most bounden,
W. Fletewoode.
W. FLETEWOOD TO LORD BURGHLEY.
My singular good Lord, this present Saterdaye, in the
mominge, my Lord Chancellor did awhile stand at the Chan-
eerie barr, upon the side of the hall, and anon after that, the
172 THE SWEARING IN OF THE CHIEF JUSTICE. [MAY,
Justices of the Common Place were sett, his Lordship came
to tlie Common Place, and there satt downe, and all the ser-
jants, my bretherne, standing att the barr, my Lord Chan-
cellor my brother Anderson called by name, and declared
unto hym her Majestie's good lyking and opinion of hym,
and of the place and dignitie that her Majestic had called
hym unto, and then my Lord Chancellor made a shorte dis-
course what the dutie and office of a good justice was, and
in th'end his Lordship called hym up into the myddest of
the court, and then, Mr. Anderson kneeling, his commission
was read, and that done, his Lordship toke the patent into
his hand, and then the clarke of the corone, Powle, did read
hym his oathe, and after he himselfe read the oathe of the
supremacie, and so kist the booke, and then my Lord Chan-
cellor tooke hym by the hand and placed hym upon the
benche. And then father Benloos, because he was ancient,
did put a short case, and then myself put the next. To the
first my new Lord Chieff Justice dyd hymself only argue,
but to the next that I put, both he and the residue of the
benche did argue. And I assure your good Lordship, he
argued very learnedlie, and with great facilitie dely vered his
mynd. And this one thing I noticed in him, that he despatched
more orders, and answered more difficult cases, in this one
forenoone, than were despatched in one whole weeke in his
predecessor's tyme.
My Lord, under benedicite, there runneth a marvelous
speeche over all London, that greater sums of money were
offered, to whom I knowe not, then I may well wryte of, by one
of the Eschekkere, and all was for this office. If it were true,
the partie did not well ; if it were not trew, the first reporters
were muche to blame to skandalise suche an officer of her
Majestie's, by which meanes he is growen into a greater dis-
credit then may be in a short tyme easilie forgotten.
It is almost in everie man's mouth, that after your Lord-
ship had understanding of the offering of suche a masse of
1582.] THE LORD MAYOR PRESENTED AT COURT. 173
money, that your Lordship was the meane to kepe hym
from the question. Trulie my Lord, it was well done.
Thus most humbly I take my leave of your good Lordship.
From Seij aunt's Inne,in Flete-strete, this Satmxlaye at night.
(5th May, 1582.)
Your good Lordship's most humbly bounden,
W. Fletewode.
My Lord, upon All Sowle Daye, when Monsieur his Grace
came towards Richmond, your Lordship, in riding downe the
lane betwene Richmond and the Charter-house, talked to me
of the office of Garbelers to be graunted to one of Mr. Gun-
ter's sone-in-lawes, and the Queue's Highnes had written to
that effect, and by what meanes I knowe not, the learned
counsell of the citie did give a resolute answer, that for so
muche as it was an office of trust it might not be graunted.
Sythens which tyme I have removed them from that
opinion. And now there is no lett but that Sir Rowland,
Mr. Martin, and one other of the Aldermen, are agaynst it.
And besides Mr. Aldersey, Mr. Waterffishe, Mr. Townsend,
are agaynst it. To-morrow my Lord Maior is to be pre-
sented. Your Lordship shall do well to say a word to my
Lord Maior of that matter. Mr. Woodroff is earnest for
Sowthwick.
W. FLETEWOOD TO LORD BURGHLEY.
My very good Lord, yesterdaye I sent your Lordship a
letter touching the admission of my Lord Chieff Justice into
the Common Place, but my man finding not your Lordship in
the courte returned the letters to me agayne.
The present Sondaie my Lord Maior was presented, when
her Majestic most graciouslie accepted of my Lord, and of my
foolishe speeche, to the great comfort of my Lord Maior, and
of all his bretheren the Aldermen.
174 THE LORD MAYOR PRESENTED AT COURT. [MAY,
Her Majestie was wonderfullie well pleased in all things,
saving for that some yonge gentilman, being more bold than
well mannered, did stand upon the carpett of the clothe of
estate, and did allmost leane upon the questions.* Her
Highnes found fault with my Lord Chamberlayn and Mr.
Vice-Chamberlayn, and with the Gentlemen Ushers, for suf-
fering suche disorders.
Her Majestie found fault with me for giving more praises
unto her Highnes as touching the advancement of religion,
then as she said she deserved. But, my good Lord, I said
nothing but trulie, and justlie, as it was indeed. My Lord
Chamberlayn made my Lord Maior knight, and my Lord
kyssed her Highnes' hand, and sone departed. There wanted
your Lordship, and my Lord Admirall, my Lord of Leyces-
ter, my Lord of Hunsdon, Mr. Secretarie, and other great
personnes.
Where in my letters in these inclosed I touched somewhat
the Garbeler's office, my Lord Maior this daye telleth me
that he is very well willing to helpe Mr. Sowthwicke. But
now I find that Mr. Daniel Ducket, Mr. Pipe, and Mr.
Martin, are the only letts. I have not spared to tell them
my mynd this daye, although I have angered them, yet I see
they be coming over.
Our Lord Jesus bless your Lordship, and sende your Lord-
ship helthe. This present Sondaye, (6th Maye, 1582.)
Your good Lordship's most bounden,
W. Fletewoode.
ROGER BODENHAM TO LORD BURGHLEY.
Right Honorable, my duty remembred, &c. This bearer
going for England, being a man of truste, I thought good,
according to my duty, to certyfy your Honor what I do un-
derstande of this countrie at the present.
' Cushions.
1582.] DESIGNS OF THE KING OF SPAIN. 175
The King of Spaine is proclaymed King of Portugal, by
the consent of the whole realme. Your Honor knows how
much this joining of Portugal with Spaine dothe increase
the greatnes and power of the King of Spaine, and the pride
of the Spaniards, with the hope of the Catholicks ; and al-
though the Kinge of Spaine of himself be a peaceable prince
and enclyned to the same, yet your Honor knows how he
maye be ledde by those withall, who, indeede, will not lette
to hazarde the kingdome of Spayne to mayntayne theirs.
And what they cannot do by armies, they will attempt to do
by money. And, as I understande, this will be now their
practise, because they have spedde so well with their money
in the getting of Portugal], with which they gatt all the no-
bilitie and all the governors to betraie their owne countrie.
It is therefore to be consydered, they will do what they maye
with money to winne some ayders in Englande. It maye
please your Honor to have great regarde to the doings of Don
Bernardyno de Mendoza, and to Saubianzy, and to Alonso
Basiarto. They be there for no good, althoughe it seeme
that they have juste occasion of busines to be there. There
be merchants in London that have doings with some of them,
in the which, they might be better occupied, but not lightely
worse.
It is reported that the King will go shortely for Lyseborne,
to sette order in many matters, and to give content to the
Portugalles. It will be sene shortely what will be done in
these matters. The setting of order in the matters of the
Indias and owt ylandes will aske a longe tyme.
The King of Spaine hathe a promise of the King of Fez
to delyver hym all the forts and ports that he hathe upon the
sea syde, with Juans without the straights. And it is
thought he will delyver them, for that the Turke doth pre-
tende to set in another in the kingdome of Fez, so that the
King of Fez thinks to assm e himself by the ayd of the King
of Spaine. If this come to pass, as it is pretended, and
with great dilligence procured, the trade of Barbary shall
176 CONDITION OF SPAIN. [jUNE,
be shut up cleane from all nations, and remayne only to the
Spaniards.
Here is great preparations of shipps and men to go for the
straights of Magelanis, to the number of 16 or 20 sayle, and
3,000 men. They go by the waye of the ylandes, to sette
order in the ylande of the Tersera,i which is rebelled, and
will not obeye the King of Spaine, and it is thought that some
of the other ylandes will do the lyke.
I nede not put your Honor in remembrance how much it
imports that the King of Spaine do not peaceably possess
Flanders and those countries ; nor yet what a minde they
have to have some entrance in Yreland, nor what practises
they will seke in Skottland, and also with Fraunce. They
saye openly, that with their money they hope to have some
good luck, seeing by force only they cannot have their
practises.
I cannot see any cause wherefore the Queue's Majestic
should feare the power of or the greatnes of the King of
Spaine ; but most sure it is, that there is great cause wherefore
the King should feare the Queue's Majestie's power. If my
credit maye serve anything with your Honor, I dare saye for
my parte that I can show howe to sette the King a worke
out of England, in so muche sorte as he should be fayne to
leave all matters, and to put his whole iorce and all the
frendes he can make to remedy the same, and that he should
not make amend therof in his tyme, nor paraventure his chil-
derne after him. This is no fable, but most certain and true,
as I can sufficiently showe and make manifesto to your Ho-
nor, whensoever nede shall require.
They do all saye here, that God hath mightely defended
that realme, consydering what practises hath bene sought
by all the Catholicks of Christendome against it, and also
they do saye, and not a little marvel, herin it hathe pleased
God to make your Honor and the rest of the most honorable
* Terceira.
1582.] REFUTATION OF ELIZABETH ABROAD. 177
counsell so good instruments to serve the Queene's Majestic,
to so good and quiet ende and peace for long tyme, as the
lyke hathe not bene sene in no prince's tyme, having so
many enemies as hathe wrought against the same. The
which is and will be a perpetual fame and glory to the
Queue's Majestic, and to your Honors, muche more than T
can saye. The Queue's Majestie's praises in this is a thou-
sande tymes more than was looked for, as they saye, at a
woman's handes, and specyally her Majestie's Constance to
preserve your Honor, for her good and assured service, against
the envye of a number, and also the mallice and practises of
dyvers forain princes. I praye G od contynue it to the ende !
For this cause I, as one of the least in abilitie, but not the
least in good will, to serve your Honor, do advertise your
Honor of that which I do understand in these parts of Spaine
at this present, as also it is moste true, that whatsoever shall
happen to that realme in your tyme, good or badde, toucheth
your Honor's fame and credit more than any one man. Thus
T am bold to trouble your Honor, hoping that ye will accept
my good will, and pardon my boldenes. The Lord God pre-
serve your Honor in helthe, long to contynue !
From Sainte Laucas, the 11th of June, anno 1582.
Your Honor's most humble,
Roger Bodenham.
This bearer's name is Edmond Ansell, merchaunt of Lon-
don ; if it shall please your Honor to informe yourselfe of
the state of this contrie, he can give some good reason
therof
JOHN WALKER TO THE EARL OF LEICESTER.*
(A Fragment.)
# ^ # * #
All the men in the whole fleete, (God be praysed !) are
* The volume from which this letter is taken (MS. Cotton, Otho,
E. VIII.) contains many interesting documents relating to the voyages
VOL. II. N
178 MORAL CONDITION OF THE NAVY. [jUNE,
in healthe, only in the Calys eight or nync are sycke of
a feaver, but all lyke to recover. I doubte not but you
have heard of the great inconvenience which was lyke to
have happened at Plymouthe, by reason that the generall
upon sett sayle, and lefte Mr. Captayne Hawkyns
and dyvers there on shore, and would not staye for them, but
by the persuasion of Captayn Warde and some one or two
others, he caste about, after we had sayled fyve leages, and
met them at the Lande's Ende in the Francys, whiche matter
was lyke to have bredde a greate myschiefe, but that we ap-
peased it in the beginning. But now^ (God be praysed !)
there is among us as great concorde and friendly amyty as
maye be among any people, and all things go well with us, and
no doubt but God will bless us, for our people are wonder-
fully reformed, both in rule of lyfe and relygion towardes
God. In the Edwarde we have dayly morning and evening
prayers, besides other specyall prayers at other times of the
daye. Every Sunday I preache, and after dymier we have
conference in the Scryptures, wherewith the maryners, who
never heard sermons in their lives, are marvelously delyghted.
Captayne Warde governeth his charge with great wysdome
and pollycy, who doubtlesse is so sufficiente a man every
waye, that he is well worthy to governe any great charge. I
wold to God your Lordship knewe hym as he deserveth. I
beseeche your Lordship to contynew your honorable good-
nesse towards me, which shall be a sufFycient recompense of
my voyage. The Lord God preserve your Lordship in most
happy estate, with the dayly increase of honor.
The 14th June, 1582, in the latytude of 35 degrees.
Your honourable Lordship's humble servant
and chaplayne,
John Walker.
of foreign adventure, but unfortunately it has been so much damaged
with the fire, that few of them are sufficiently complete to be de-
cyphered.
1582.] KING ANTONIO IN ENGLAND. 179
EDWARD PRINNE TO LORD BURGHLEY.*
Right Honorable, my humble clutie considered, the cause
of this my writing unto your Honor, is the dutie wherin I am
bound unto her most excellent Majestic, the which, notwith-
standing I am alien borne, yet my father was an English-
man, and myself in hart, love, and fydelitie, will give no
man place of my calling, for which cause, my very good
Lord, I have inbowldened myselfe, craving pardon for these
my attempts.
The King, my master, lays in London in the greatest
miserie that ever any man lay, desolate not only of neces-
saryes but of comfort, for he, feeling extreme sycke at Ux-
bridge, where he lay, sent hither to have the healpe of one
of her Majestie's physicians. I know not how the matter
fell owt, but her Highness was not made acquainted with the
matter, so that there came no man to him, the which was no
small griefe to him, to see that fortune had brought him to
that miserable state, and to me, my verie good Lord, in re-
spect of my dutie to this my contrie, greater griefe to see that
if the Frenche embassador had not continued every daye once
om' todjs (?), that the poore prince had remained altogether
without any comfort.
Abowt three moneths past, my very good Lord, if I do re-
member myself well, I heard that her Majestic had given
orders that two chambers should be furnished for the Kinge,
the which helpe too I never see, the fault remaining where it
is, but it had been otherwise if I could have helped it,
to the end strangers might not see his myserable lodging, the
which would pitie your Honour's hart if you indeed had sene
him here betwene four bare walls, voyd of all good comfort,
* The King of France, not himself inclined to give the aid which
King Antonio sought for the recovery of his lost kingdom of Portugal,
sent him over to England, where he remained for some time in poverty
and distress.
N 2
180 POVERTY OF KING ANTONIO. [.JAN.
and accompanied only by us poore servants, that cannot
helpe him in any other then to mourne with him his unhappie
state. Wliat comfort and honour were it to see in this his
extremitie some one gentleman come from the Queue's Ma-
jestic and others of their free will, (in respect of honour,) and
this wold not only put him in great comfort, but all of us
in greater hope that God had not altogether given us
over ! Notwithstanding, we cannot altogether despaire,
considering her Majesty dothe protecte the King in his
safetie, we do comfort ourselves and do have in great hope
that by her Majestie's good meanes, the poore kingdome
of Portugal shall have relief. I beseeche your honour to take
compassion, and that the great charge that her Majestic hath
bene at, may not now for a small matter be put in hazard.
And in truth e, my verie good Lord, I do greately fear of one
hard chance over other. I have done my best hitherto, and
will do till deathe, as I am bound. Thus I leave, praying
the Almightie God longe to continue your Honor, to the
comfort of this her Majestie's realme. (1582).
Your Honor's servant in all dutie till deathe,
Edward Prinne.
SIR JOHN NORRIS TO QUEEN ELIZABETH.
Most gracious Soveraigne, it may please your most excel-
lent Majesty to understande, that on Saterdaye night last
past, being the sixte of this presente, the burgers of this
towne of Andwerpe, being in some jelousie of the Frenche,
who were lodged in the towne in greate numbers, increased
their watche to the double luimber they were ordinarily ac-
customed, causing every householde to hange out lightes into
the streetes, and withall in the evening gave warning at the
court to such gentilmen as were lodged in the towne, to re-
payre to their lodgings by nyne of the clocke. The Duke
tooke not this dealing in good parte, but seemed much dis-
contented that any jelousie should be conceavcd of those of
1583.] TUMULT AT ANTWERP. 181
his trayne, and the next mornyng about nyne of the clock,
repayring to the castell, had conference with the Prynce
touching that matter, which was executed in as goodfsorte as
might be, and the occasion therof imputed to some light deal-
ings and indiscrete speeches lately let fall by some of the
Frenche. And that all might be appeased, proclamation was
presentlie made that all those of the Frenche which belonged
to the armye should forthwith repaire to the troupes at Burg-
herhault, whither the Duke determined to go after dynner,
to take a view of the whole forces, betwene one and two of
the clocke, accompanied with the most of the gentilmen of
his court.
His Highnes passing through the gate that leadeth to
Burgerhault, suddaynly those of his trayne which came after
began to seize the gate, and fell to some blowes with the
burgers which that daye garded the port, having caused
eight ensignes of the Frenche to be in a readines, and to come
forwarde, who also entered the gate, and had advanced
themselves within the towne, as farre as St. Jacques' Churche,
and near to the greate Bursse. The alarme being given
throughout the towne, the burgers immediately tooke armes,
and so well ac quitted themselves, that in somewhat lesse
then three quarters of an hour the gate was recovered, and
the Frenche forced to retire with the loss of eight or nyne
hundred at the least, besides Messiers De Fervaques, Sha-
mount, De Fargie, L'Avernie, Beaupre, La Ferte, La Rois-
seliere, and some others whose names I have not learned,
which being dismounted from their horses, were brought into
the towne by the burgers, and remayne under garde in
severall houses. The Marshall Biron was the night before
gone oute of the towne to set all thinges in order against the
Duke's coming to Burgerhault. The Duke of Mountpensier
accompayned his Highnes, and so did the Count de la Vail.
The Count de la Marshe, not thinking of any suche matter,
was playing at tennys, and from thence conducted by the
burgers safelie to his lodging. In this tumulte hathe bene
slayne men of name, the Count Chasteaureux' sonne, the
182 THE FRENCH IN THE LOW COUNTRIES. [jAN.
Count St. Aignon and his sonnc, Monsieur do Tyan, governor
of Alost, a Sonne of the Marshall Byron's, Secevalle, Biragues,
and many others of good accompte.
The Duke went straight to Berckhame to a castell one
myle from Andwerpe, where he yet remayneth, from whence
this daye he sent letters to the Prince, excusing the attempte
of the soldyours, being driven therunto, as he saith, by the
greate myserie and extremytie they had long indured, offering
to imploy hymselfe and suche meanes he had to the benefit
and defence of their countrie, if they should thynke good to
accepte therof. The messenger being a maister d'hostell to
his Highnes, with a coUonell of the towne, are returned back
agayne with answer, the effecte wherof I cannot yet under-
stande.
Aboute the same tyme of this attempte in Andwerpe, the
Frenche possessed themselves of Dermound,Dixmuyde, Dun-
kirke, and Viluorden; and attempting to do the like at
Bruges, it is said the burgers of the towne have cutte all
the Frenche in pieces. Letters were immediately sent from
the Prince and the States here to others their townes of
garrison, advising them to stande upon their sure garde, for
the better preventing of any Frenche practise against them.
There w^as slayne of the burgers in this tumulte betwene
fortie and fyftie persons, and some fewe hurte ; and of the
Frenche better then a thousand, as it is judged, besides three
or four sore hurte which have bene found alyve under the
dead bodyes when they were carried to their buriall.
This being as much as I can presently advertise your Ma-
jesty touching the late accident, it may please you to give me
leave to ende, with my most humble and hartie prayers to
Almightie God to defende and keepe your most excellent
Majestic against the practises of your enemy es, to blessc
your estate, and to graunte you a long and prosperous raigne
amongest us.
From Andwerpe, the 0th of January, 1582.
Your Majestie'smost dutifuU subjectc,
J. NORRICE.
1583.] THE PLAGUE IN LONDON. 183
THE MAYOR OF LONDON TO LORD BURGHLEY.
My duty humbly done to your Lordship, I have, accordmg
to your Lordship's direction by your letters, reformed the
catalog of victuallers' hovvses infected within the liberties of
this citie, from the 8th daye of November laste, being within
the two monethes appointed by your former letters, which I
have done as your Lordship willed, with advise of Mr. Norton,
who informeth me that he hatlie herein had speciall regard
to two thinges, the one to give suche plaine description and
note of the stretes and places as maye serve for easy notice
to suche as repaire to this citie, the other that it be in suche
shortenes as maye be brought into lesse than one face of a
shete of paper to be fixed in places convenyent.
It may please your Lordship also to consyder of the places
which I have thought good to signifie after my opinion in the
note enclosed, having respecte to Westminster and the way
thither, and the entrance allwaies into this citie.
Further, I thought good to move your good Lordship to
the same intent, that in terme tyme usually in manner all the
howses in Flete-strete and the stretes and lanes adjoining,
as also without Temple-barre, do use lodgings, victualling,
or letting out of chambers, whether it be not your pleasure
that all suche howses in those partes, as do so lodge and lett
out chambers, though they be not otherwaies usuallie victual-
lers, be likewise noted, if they have bene infected within the
space of these two monethes. I do humblie thanke your
Lordship for your honorable and loving care of this citie in
the saide matter of infection, and the repaire of the Queue's
subjects hither, and for my owne parte will not faile in
diligence by your direction according to my duty
It maye please your Lordship to be further advertised,
which I think you have alreadie heard of, a great mishappe
at Paris-garden, where by ruin of all the scaffolds at once,
yesterdaye a greate number of people are some presentlie'
1B4 NIGHT DISORDERS IN LONDON. [jAN.
slajTie, and some maymed and grievouslie hurte. It giveth
great occasion to acknowledge the hande of God for suclie
abuse of tlie sabbath dale, and moveth me in conscience to
beseeche your Lordship to give order for redresse of suche
contempt of God's service. I had to that ende treated with
some justices of peace of that countie, who signifie them-
selfs to have very good zeale, but alledge want of commission,
which we humblie referre to the consideration of your hono-
rable wisedoms. And so I leave to trouble your Lordship.
At London, the 1 4th of Januarye, 1582.
Your Lordship's humble,
Thomas Blanke, Maior.*
W. FLETEWOOD TO LORD BURGHLEY.
My very good Lord, according to the advise that your
Honor gave me by your Lordship's last letters, I caused Mr.
Seckford, of the Court of Wards, Mr. Hanis, Mr. Smithe,
and Mr. Yonge, and myself attending upon them, to repaire
the disorders that your Lordship returned unto me agayne.
They did it most exactlie, and swore witnesses upon the same.
The which book I have now returned agayne, corrected and
reformed.
Uppon Thursdaye I being at the sessions at Fynsburie, I
found the chefests of the two liberties there exclaiming uj)on
these youthes ; the justices would nedes have them in-
dicted ; they are indicted for common disturbers of the peace,
for night walkers, for breakers of glasse wyndowes, lan-
terns, and suche like, and principallie for the gxeat riott that
they committed the second of this month of Jan. Light is
specially indicted for singing in the churche upon Childer-
* " Sir Thomas Blanke, haberdasher, sonne to Thomas Blanke,
citizen and haberdasher of London, who was sonne lo Thomas Blanke,
of Gilford, in Surrey." — Stowe.
I
1583.] DISTURBANCES IN LONDON STREETS. 185
mas Day, " fallantida dillie," &c. My Lord Bishop was at
the arraignment of Light. Light confessed all that he was
charged with. The residue are not yet arraigned, albeit they
be indicted. My Lord of Leicester hath been sued unto by
the principalis of New Inne and Lion's Inne, for the setting
at libertie these yonge gentilmen. I do beseeche your Lord-
ship be good unto them, for my good Lord of Leicester's sake.
But looking through into theire demeanors, I think the in-
habitants well crie owt, if Knyveton and Light be not bound
to theire good behaviour. If the other be sett at libertie, I
do perceyve they intend to lead a new lyfe. The benche at
the gaole delyverie of Newgate dyd take order that Light,
who was convicted, should be bound to his good behaviour.
I do not see how he can well be discharged from that
bond.
I do suppose that Light and Kniveton are descended of
the blood of Nero the tiraunt. I never knew of two suche
tyrannical youthes, the elder not being twenty yeres old. I
beseche God to make them his servants. My Lord Chancellor
by Mr. Harris, the justice, sent word unto us that we should
procede at that sessions agaynst them for the satisfying of
the people. If the principals were looked unto, and specially
of New Inne, all wold be well. I do beseeche your good
Lordship to be good unto the residue of them, for sm*elie
they are most penitent for theire misbehaviours. But for
Light^ and Kniveton, I see no grace in them.
Thus humbly I take my leave of your good Lordship, this
Satterdaye at night, (Jan 19,) 1582.
Your good Lordship's most bounden,
W. Fletewoode.
A DYARIE.
Upon Saterdaye last, I was occupied all the daye in the
examination of one Levenson, and of his confederates, and of
sundrie roberies, and suche lyke. This Levenson is a dan-
18G POLICE INTELLIGENCE. [jAN.
gerous ruffen. He hath misused my Lord of Oxenford with
words of indignitie.
Upon Sondaie, after diner, w^e of the citie studied what
Mr. Comptroller would allege agaynst the citie for the office
of Garleeting. Upon the same daye the violaters of the
Sabbathe were punished, by God's providence, at Pai'is
Garden ; and as I was writing of these last words, lo, here is
a booke sett downe upon the same matters.
Upon Monday, Mr. Smithe, Mr. Owen, and myself, occu-
pied all the daye with Mr. Deane, in Westminster, for the
punishment of bawdes and strumpetts, of whom some were
towted,* but all banished.
Upon Tuesdaye, all that daye was spent at Lambeth, in
the old Duke of Norffolk's hall. Mr. Comtroller satt there at
the table's end ; upon the benche satt first in Mr Aubrie,
Mr. Lewes, Master of the Rolls, Sir Rowland, and Sir
Nicholas Woodruf. The jurie were old courtiers and Walshe-
men ; the verdict is not yet given. How we shall speed, I
know not, but I am sure Mr. Comtroller hymself was and
seemed most indifferent. We feare not the case, so long as
your Lordship is our supreme judge. I wold to God we were
at quiet with these great counsellors !
Upon Weddensdaye, we were occupied abowt the dealings
of those unthrifts of the Chancerie. At after diner, my
brother Flowredewe's man brought me evill newes, but at
his returne he tolde me how muche he was bound to your
Lordship in the behalf of his master. Surelie, my Lord, if
Mr. Hermingham had bene at a sessions or gaole delyverie
at London, he shold have tanied by it untill the Queue or
the Lords of the counsel had otherwise determyned.
Upon Thrusdaye, I kept two sessions of peace, the one at
Fynsburie, the other at the Y eld hall. At after diner, I was
occupied in the high commission, about the foresayd Leven-
son, and the knight marshall's man, who tooke his parte.
* Whipped.'* Towt, in old English, signifies neither more nor less
than the backside.
1583.] YOUNG CECIL. 187
That done, I was sent for to niy Lord of Leicester, abowt
the gentilmen of the Chauncerie.
Upon Friday, from eight in the morning until eight at the
night, the gaole deliverie was, when Mr. Tresham and his
fellows were convicte for recusants. My Lord Vaux was not
brought forth, because he was a Baron. There were three
condempned and put to execution this daye, in the mom-
inge.
Upon this Satterdaye, by commission from Mr. Secretarie,
Mr. Attorney, Solicitor Norton, and myself, sat in the Temple
Hall, abowt the Isle of Gerke, and for the execution of jus-
tice there. The strife is betweene Sir Thomas Layton and a
gentilman of Gersey.
At after dinner, my cosen Holcroft brought me a table
from your Lordship for Westminster and the Duchie to be
printed. I have bene about the setting of the forme thereof
untill the writing of these letters.
And thus your Lordship may see that I am so exercised
that I have no leasure at all skarse to read a Littleton's case,
muche lesse to studie my demurrers, that I must argue. My
two Lord Chief Justices are come to London. Mr. Levete-
nant and the officers are occupied at this tyme in surveying
the ordinances in the Tower.
In the Middell Temple garden, hard imder my Lord of
Leicester's wall, two of the gardener's boyes fell syck of the
plage ; one was buried yesterdaye, the other by my meanes
is removed to Glomesburie.
About a sevennight past, yong Mr. Cecill,* yoiu* Lordship's
son, about seven of the clocke, passed by Saint Clement's
Churche, I standing there to see the lanterns hangen, and
to see if I cold mete with any outrageous dealers. There
stood sixe of the honest inhabitants with me — " Lo !" quod
they, " ye may see how a nobleman's son can use himself,
and howe he putteth off his capp to poore men. Our Lord
blesse him !" quod they. I write this for two purposes : the
* Probably Sir Robert Cecil.
188 TROUBLES IN SCOTLAND. [MARCH,
one is that your Lordship hath cause to thank God for so
virtuous a child ; the other is, that through your Lordship's
good meanes, the principalis may be compelled to look better
to their charges.
My Lord Chancellor, my Lord Chief Justice of England,
my Lord Chief Baron, Sir George Bromley, myself, and many
other of good calling at this daye, were of Clifford's Inn,
where Mr. Haachett, of Hertfordshire, was principall. He
kept us all in so good order, that none durst presume to play
any wicked or lewd parts.
I end, fearing to trouble your honor with these trifeling
newgations.
W. F.
W. DAVISON TO SIR CHRISTOPHER HATTON.*
It may please your honor, I have by every post of late
looked for my revocation, fynding no greate cause of my
particular staye here, to the increase of herMajestie's charge,
* The years 1582 and 1583 were a turbulent period in Scotland.
The French were intriguing deeply to revive there their former in-
fluence, and the party in whose power the King lay were by this
means estranged from the interest of England. The English govern,
ment naturally used their utmost exertions to counteract the French
intrigues, and the zeal of the protestant and English party in Scot-
laud was brought into action- Ruthven, Earl of Go wry, with other
nobles of this party, alJuring the King to Ruthven Castle, made them-
selves master of his person, and excluded the opposite party from the
government. This was afterwards known as the Raid of Ruthven.
Lennox took shelter in France. The French King sent into Scotland
La Motte Fenelon and Manningville to stir up a counter-revolution.
The papers in the British Museum, relating to Scotch affairs at this
period, leave no doubt that there was at this time a dangerous plot
in agitation by the French and the Catholics, that Mary Queen of
Scots was deeply engaged in it, and that it was as full of peril to
England as to Scotland.
1583.] INTRIGUES IN SCOTLAND. 189
and some incommoditie to myself. But because your honor
hath yet rather given me hope than assurance thereof, I must
beseech you that in your next I may fully understand her
Majestie's good pleasure in that behalf
Mr. Bowes his experience and acquaintance with the
afFayres of this state enable him sufficientlie alone to go
through with any service, that is to be done here without any
great want of language; for any negotiations between us
and Manningville, whose staie we hope will not be long-
here, if thinges frame not all the sooner to his full content-
ment, which will appeare shortelie after the coming of the
rest of the Lords, looked for this week. In the meane tyme
the people here have much to do to contayne themselves
from hastening his departure by some rude intreatie, which
they have been willing to offer him ere this, and had surelie
done it, had not the maisters and some discreete burgesses
hitherto staied them: so greate is the prejudice they have of
his traffique here, to the hurte of religion, and disquyet of
their state : and now forbear only in expectation of his dis-
patche uppon the coming of these Lords, according to the
promise made unto them by such as were intercessours to
the Kynge for them in that behalf. And yet it seemeth that
hymself is determined to ride it oute here, if he may, till he
heare further out of France.
By our common letter your honour shall understand all
these thinges more particularlie, as also of our apprehension
of one William Holte, a Jesuit, entertained secretly here by
the Lord Seton, and appoynted to a voiage into France, and
from thence to Rome, whom, being ready to take a passage
with the first fayre wynde, we caused to be apprehended at
Leithe. About him we found divers ciphers, and some two
or three letters, whereof (the originalls being delivered to the
Kinge) we sende you herewith the coppies. Divers other
letters he had, and should have receaved here, but where he
hath bestowed them we cannot yet learne.
By these we send your Honour, you may pick out English
190 INTRIGUES OF THE CATHOLICS IN SCOTLAND. [mARCH,
enough, touching the doings and employments of hymselfc
and others of that crewe, but in his examination we cannot
yet drawe hym to any further particularities. In generall,
onlie he confesseth to Mr. Bowes and myself, that he
thinketh there is some purpose in hand by the Pope, and
divers Princes Catholicks, for a warre againste Englande, and
that they have a partie strong at home ; that the pretext will
be religion and libertie of the Queue of Scotts ; that they
hold the enterprise easie, considering their own preparations
and the factions at home ; that the Pope hath gathered a
greate masse of money, and collecteth daily, as he heareth,
to the same use ; that the King of Spayne, as appeareth by
the letter decyphered, is also to furnish a part. But of the
time, the instrument to be used, and other particularities, he
can saye nothing, as he pretendeth.
This dale my Lord of Dunfermlinge and others (who have
been with us to the same ende once or twice alreadye) are
appointed to be with us agayne, with some speciall articles
of his more formall and precise examination of the proceed-
ing, wherein your honor shall heare more by the next. Man-
ningville doth storme at his apprehension and detayning
with us, and hath been earnest with the King to remove him
out of our handes ; both he, Seaton, and the rest of that
party, fearing leste their doinges by this meanes may come
to light. Alexander Seaton, priour of Pluskett, and third
Sonne to the Lorde, author of one of these letters, is sent for,
and to be examined thereuppon before his Majestic and the
counsell, who is able to discover more than I think they shall
easily gett from him.
"With this Holte we tooke two others, the one a Scottish
man, his servant, whom we have delyvred over to Collonel
Stuarde, the other an Englishman lately come hither, who,
after his first apprehension, was used as a stale to intrappe
the other, wherein he served us to great purpose. His
name is Roger Almond, one that was taken about two years
past at Dover, and examined before your honor at the court.
I
1583.] FAILURE OF THE FRENCH IN FLANDERS. 191
and afterwards sent downe to my Lord of Huntington to
Yorke, and hathe (as he saith) been an instrument to decipher
and discover dyvers of that partie. Howsoever it be, his
doings in this deserveth favor. Thus referring your Honor's
more particular satisfaction to our general! letters, and that
you shall els receave from Mr. Bowes, I do most humbly
take my leave.
At Edinbrough, the 4th of Marche, 1582.
Your Honor's most humble at commandement,
W. Davison.
W. PARRY TO LORD BURGHLEY.
The late enteqDrise in Flaunders, (reported here to the
greate dishonor of the French,*) hath filled these partes fiill
of expectation what the Queue's Majestie will do. And as
her government hath hitherto been thought to exceed all the
princes of her tyme, so it is looked that her Majestie do now
serve herselfe of all good occasions presented for her quietnes
and better assurance.
The French King and his mother do find themselves grieved
for some liberall speches used of them in this towne ; but,
truely, this common welth hath the honor of princes in greate
regard, and cannot abyde to have them touched by worde or
writing.
It hath bene told me in greate secrete (thought I may not
avow it,) that the Queue Mother lyeth in the wynde, and
* The Duke of Anjou, in 1582, after his departure from England,
went to the Low Countries, where he took upon him the command.
But after spending of much money with very Httle success, he left
the country without having gained any honour proportionate to the
just expectations which had been formed. The disgrace and disap-
pointment which he reaped from this enterprise shortened the days of
the Duke of Anjou, who died in 1584. The enterprise alluded to, is
probably that related by Norris, in his letter to the Queen, p. 180.
192 FOREIGN NEWS. [mARCH,
watchcth to give our Quenc a mate, and will undoubtedly do
it, if her Majestic do not look well to her game.
We heare of greate and dayly preparation for the sea in
Naples, Spayne, and Portugal, but not that Don Antonio's
fortune can serve hym to ofFende the King Catholicke.
It is judged a very slender pollicy that we, having no em-
bassador in Spayne, do still entertayne the Spanish embassa-
dor in England, where I feare me there is too much to be
done by money.
Many are of opinion that it is a matter of less difficulty for
us to confirm the auncient league with Burgundy, then to
contynue our intelligence with France, with whom for five
hundred yeres I do not finde that we have had any long
peace. And out of doubt I am, that we have very mighty
enemy es in France to our quietnes.
Our trafficque into the Levant cannot but be dangerous
and full of adventure for our merchants, so long as we stand
upon doubtfiill termes with France.
The Prince of Orange is thought now to lyve in more
daunger than ever, and that he shall not long escape, if
practise may prevaile.
The new booke printed at Rome, dedicated to the Cardinall
S. Sixti, and intituled De Persecutione Anglicana, hath
raised a barbarous opinion of our cruelty. I could wish
that in those cases it might please her Majestic to pardon the
dismembring and quartering.*
Sir Richard Shelley is very desirous to retume, and pro-
miseth very greate services, if he be not disquieted for his
conscience.
From Venyce, the fourth of March, 1582.
* The bold intrigues and atrocious designs of the Jesuits, had pro-
voked the English government to increase the severity of the laws
against the Catholics, or rather to execute them more severely. The
dismembering and quartering was part of the common punishment
of traitors.
1583.] ATTEMPT ON THE PRINCE OF ORANGE. 193
SIR J. NORRYS TO THE EARL OF LEICESTER.
Right honorable my verie good Lorde, since the departing
of Mr. Grivel, the Prince of Orange this night hath bled more
then a pounde of bind,* which verie much amaseth all his
phisitions, and giveth cause of sorrowe to his frends, and ge-
nerally doute to al men of his recoverie. This morning the
phisitions, by an anatomic, have found which should be
the veine that bledeth, which putteth them in small comfort
that it is not impossible to be stayed. My brother stayeth a
day or two to bring more certain advertisement thereof The
Frenchmen fayled of their enterprise for the surprising
Namure, as it is thought, for faint of those which undertooke
it. The enemie in Gelderland marcheth strongly towards us,
with fom* regiments of infanterie and six of horse. The
Prince of Parma hath battered Lentz, and draweth his troops
thither, resolute to recover it, but they give out brave words
that they will keepe it. At my brother his retume,! will im-
part any other news that shall occurr.
Thus most humbly I commend and commit myself to your
Honor's good favor. From Antwerp, this 6th of Marche, 1582.
Your Honor's most assuredly to commaunde,
J. NORREYS.
SIR FRANCIS WALSINGHAM TO SIR CHRISTOPHER HATTON.
Sir, as I think myself infinitely bounde unto you for your
honorable and friendly defence of the intended matche be-
tween my daughter and Mr. Sidney, f so do I finde it strange
that her Majestic should be offended withall. It is either to
proceed of the matter or of the manner. For the matter, I
* The Prince was shot by an assassin employed by the Spanish
party.
+ Sir Philip Sydney married the daughter of Sir Francis Walsing-
ham.
VOL. II. O
194 MARRIAGE OF SIR PHILIl' SYDNEY. [MARCH,
hope wheu her Majestie shall weigh the due ch'cumstances of
place, persone, and qualitie, there can growe no just cause of
offence; if the manner be misliked, for that her Majestie is
not made acquainted withall, I am no person of that state,
but that it may be thought a presumption for me to trouble her
Majestie with a private marriage between a free gentleman of
equall calling with my daughter. I had well hoped that my
paynfull and faithfulle service done unto her Majestie had
merited that grace and favour at her handes, as that she
would have countenanced this match with her gracious and
pryncely good liking thereof, that thereby the world might
have been a witness of her goodness towards me. As I
thought it alwayes unfitt for me to acquaynte her Majestie
with a matter of so base a subject as this poore matche, so
did I never seeke to have the matter concealed from her Ma-
jestie, seeing no reason why there should growe any offence
thereby. I pray you, Sir, therefore, if she enter into any
further speech of the matter, lett her understand that you
learne generally that the matche is held for concluded, and
withall to lett her knowe hoive juste cause I shall have to
fynde myself agrieved if her Majestie still showe her mislike
thereof And so, commytting the cause to your friendly and
considerate handling, T leave you to the protection of the
Almightie.
At Bam-Ealms, the 19th of Marche, 1582.
Your's most assuredly to commande,
Fra. Walsyngham.
Postscript. — I will give order that my cousin Sydney shall
be forew^arned of the matter, who, as I suppose, wyll not be
at the courte before the next weeke. If her Majestie's mis-
like shoulde contynue, then would I be glad if I myght take
knowledge thereof, to expresse my grief unto her by letter,
for that I am forced in respect of the indisposition of my
body to be absent untillthe ende of this next weeke, whereof
1 made her Majestie pryvie.
1588.] FRENCH INTRIGUES IN SCOTLAND. 195
PvOBERT BOWES TO SIR FRANCIS WALSINGHAM.
Sir, by some favour and other meanes, I have seen some
letters for the Master of Livingston, Henry Keir, and ....
capten of the Scottish guard in France, and others; they all
agree and certify that Lennox shall returne this somer
into Scotland, and some of them writt it shall be sooner than
some of his enemies looke for. It appeareth that he is per-
suaded and purposed to returne, notwithstanding that the
King of Scottes shall not assent thereunto ; for he presumeth
uppon the former promise made by the King before his de-
parture, assuring him that he would come agayne within half-
a-yeare with his favour, and by the assistance of the Lordes
that he shall easilie satisfy the King and resume his former
place. It is thought sufficientlie for him to bring money with-
out forces, and it is looked that he shall bring or send before
him sixty thousand pounds, to be levied at such hands as for
his service will furnishe the same, with large offers to the
King and to the Lordes, in the names of the King of France,
Queue Mother, Queue of Scottes. and Duke of Guise.
It appeareth that he purposeth to come in at Dumbritton,
which I feare is still kept by suche as will rcadilie receave
him, notwithstanding his oath given to the King. This
matter touching the change of the captaine of that place, is
onely to be remedied by her Majestic at the coming of Collo-
nell Steward to the court, to theire commoditie and tyme,
wherof I referre the same. Many partes of the occurrences
recited, are confirmed by other intelligences given me,
Moreover, by other secret intelligence about Manningvil,
I am assured that albeit Lennox hath assured the French
King, the most ancient of the nobilitie and of greatest power
and credit with the King and Lordes are bonded with him,
and will both staie with him, and also run the course of the
French King and the Queue of Scottes, wherin he offreth to
gett good testimonies from the Lordes themselves, and for
the same hath written to the Lordes, yet the King and Queue
neither will not give full credite thereunto untill they shal be
o 2
196 TRKNCH INTRIGUES IN SCOTLAND. [aPKIL,
advertised by Manningvil of the truth and certaintie in the
same, in which behalf Manningvil hath especiall comission
to sounde and feele the nobles' mindes of all such as Lennox
hath presented and named to be his friends in Scotland, and
also to receave at their handes such assurances as may suffice
the French King and Queue of Scottes, to send and returne
Lennox with forces and money, with all requisites for their
aide and advancement of the cause taken in hand. Here-
uppon Manningvil sayth that the reputation and welfare of
Lennox lieth in his handes : he hath an evil opinion of Len-
nox' conducting his behaviom* and course in Scotland in time
past, and esteeming him to be a stranger in France, by reason
that his livinges are in Scotland, nevertheles, he concludcth
that Lennox must needes be employed, and therefore he
will cover his faultes and sett forward his preferment, and at
this convention he looketh verilie to receave th'assurances of
the Lordes, and therewith to returne to France with speed.
Uppon this bruite that Lennox was in England, he is
afraid to passe that way, saying that by his death, being
wholie and alone informed in their causes, this cause shall
perishe with him. And yet, in the end, he determineth to
adventure on the honour and suretie of the passporte.
Advertisement is come to Manningvil that Lennox is in
the way to compound and agree with Arbroath, but I cannot
think that to be true, for sundrie of the friendes of Arbroath
do affirme to me that their Lord will not be reconciled to
Lennox, unles her Majestic shall abandon him or give over
his cause. In this parte, I have had some late conference
with Robert Cunningham, who is of my opinion, who will
departe from hence towardes you about five or six dayes
hence.
Upon Sonday, letters and complaints receaved severally
from the Lord Scrope and Sir John Forster, calling for meet-
ings with the Wardens of this realme, and for redress and
justice on the borders. I have often tymes moved the King
and counsell, who theron have at length both by their letters
1583.] DISORDERS ON THE BORDERS. 197
given commaundment to all the Wardens of the marches in this
realme to kepe metings, and to do justice to the opposite
Wardens in England, accordingly to the late order accorded
by her Majestic, with Mr. J. Colvill; and also written for the
Lard of Asford, Warden of the Middle Marche and Keper of
Liddesdale, to th'intent at Cesfurd's coming hither order
may be taken as well for the answering and redresse of all
th'offences done in England by Liddesdale, against whom
our Wardens before named do chiefly complayne, as also for
the disposition of th'ofRce and chardge of Liddesdale, which
office the King purposeth to comitt to t'.i'Earle of Bothwell,
who is loath to accept the same without greater entertaynment
then the King is hitherto pleased to bestowe therwith. Be-
sides, the Lard of Cesfurd with great labor hath found out and
gotten into his handes Miles Kelsinge, before taken forth of
his howse in Cumberland, and detained prisoner long time in
secret places by the Liddesdale men. Gelsinge shal be
speedily delivered to satisfie the Lord Scrope's demaund in
that parte. The King promiselh to provide that from hence-
forth her Majestie's wardens shall finde justice to be done to
them with speed, and to their good contentment.
Manningvil seking to linger his departure, suffreth all
his letters and his despach prepared and ready for him to
remayne still in the clerk's hands, and is gone to Seaton to
recreate himselfe there, this three or four dayes yet to come.
He purposeth to see th'endof this convention, which although
it be appointed to begin this day, yet fewe or no noblemen
are come, and the assembly will not sit in comisell before
Monday next.
Some do looke that Manningvil his abode and this
convention shall produce weighty effects, and for th' advan-
tage of Lennox and of the French, but others trust that it
shall blovve over without any greate matters, other then
graunte of a taxe to the king, for the satisfying of Gowry,
to appoint a parlement, and such like needfull occasions for
198 STATE OF SCOTLAND. [\PKIL,
the common state, except that uppon try all of matters betwixt
Arraiie and Gowry some trouble shall arise.
Th'other day Manningvil receaved letters out of France
by the hands of George Vangbope, that returned from France
with many other merchaunts. He will not be knowne to have
gotten any letters at all, and sithence the same he appeareth
to be resolved to retume home through England sone after
th'end of this convention, for which tyme he will, he saytli,
finish all his affayres.
Kilsith prepareth himself to passe agayne through Eng-
land into France. It is thought that he shall cany some
resolutions and errands to Lennox to hasten his returne into
Scotland. Our late conference together hath so little pleased
him, as he hath not visited me so often as he promised, nor
so ordinarily as he did Manningvil, to whom he hath done
all the good offices he could, and so liberally as some minis-
ter checking him presently for the same, he complayned
thereof to the King without cause or great advantage.
John Chelsham, an especiall instrument for Manningvil,
reported that in his late speech with the King, the King
told him that he would move the Lords at this convention
for the revocation of Lennox, which coming to the know-
ledge of Collonell Steward, he informed the King, that in
great passion denyed that he either spake or ever intended
any suclie thing. Whereuppon the King hath given order
to Collonell Steward to see Chelsham chastised according to
his fault.
By letters from Gowry to the Justice Clerk, I have scene
Cowrie's affirmation that he sent his servant to Arrane not to
call him to the meting with the other Lords named in my
former, but to restrayne his coming thither, and Gowry is
readie to prove the same. But Arrane will stand to his for-
mer information, adding, that Gowry had no intention to sur-
prise the King or alter his state, but by common advise at
this convention to persuade the King both to trust his nobi-
1583.] ENGLISH PIRATES. 199
lity and subjects, and thereon to dischardge his guard, that
was chardgable, and ministered cause of suspicion betwixt
the King and noblemen, and for a tyme to forbeare to use the
advise and counsell of the Prior of Blantyre, to satisfie the
desire of sondry noblemen that mishked as much the late
doings of Blantyre as they did before of Lennox. But
Gowry, at his returne to courte, which will be this day or to-
morrowe, will seke to cleare himself against this reporte, and
theron the matter is like to fall in contention betwixt Arrane
and him, and some effects to fall out of the same, which
upon the issue and tryal shall be shortly advertised to you.
Upon information given to the burgesses of Edinburgh,
that Stephen Haynes, Englishman, with his complices, had
lately spoyled two Scottish skippers returning from London
with books, paper, and other wares, and lying in the roads of
Lasto, the said provost, burgesses, sundry barons, gentlemen,
ministers and many others, in great number and assembly, com-
playned first to the King, and next to myself, with earnest
request for speedy redresse, affirming that their hurts daily
growing by English pirates, were nowe grievous and greater
then ever hath been sene in tyme of open warres, albeit
the well-affected do well allowe and accept my answere and
declaration made, and signifying the greate care and chardge
that her Majestic hath taken to preserve this nation from the
piracies of any of her Majestic' s subjects, and the impossi-
bility by any punishment or means to prevent and suppresse
spoyles of pirates in this present condition of tyme and state
of all nations in Europe, with her Majestie's extraordinary
favour to punishe severely all such like offenders against
this nation, and to make speedy redresse and justice, yet
th'others inclining to the French do both murmur exceed-
ingly, and also bio we the coale to stirre all men in this
realme to an universall mislike and offence with England.
A matter that I shall trust exceede their power, and yet I wishe
that by seasonable remedy the inconvenyence may be pre-
vented, to the satisfying of the King and all good men in
200 BURGH LEY RETIRES FROM COURT. [ APRIL,
this realmc, whom I sec dcepely grieved and wounded with the
often piracyes done by the EngHshmen against this people,
who, they say, do seldoine or never offend any Englishmen
in any like manner. For your blotter instructions in this
cause, I send you th'information presented to me, together
w^ith the notes of the wares and the value thereof, that are
taken by the pirates ; all which I leave to your good advice,
with humble request that for her Majestie's service this cause
may finde favourable consideration.
Edinburgh, April 12, 1583.
SIR FRANCIS WALSYNGHAM TO LORD BURGHLEY.
My very good Lord, her Majestic hathe wylled me to sig-
nifie unto your Lordship, that as she hathe bene pleased for
a tyme to permit you to wrestle with nature, not doubting
but that wysdom and religion hathe wrought in you ere this
that resolution that appeitayneth to a man of your place
and calling, so nowe she thinketh that if the healthe of
your body may so permyt, you should do better to occupy
yourself in dealing in publick causes, than by secluding your-
selfe from access, to give yourselfe over a prey unto griefe.
x\nd if you might conveniently repayre hither, she would
be glad to have your Lordship's advice in a matter of weight
concerning certayne offers lately made unto her by the
Scottish Queue, sent hither from the Earl of Shrewsberry,
wherof I sende your Lordship a coppie, to the ende you may
be the better prepared to give your advyce.
The proclamation for reprieves is signed and sent to the
prynting. And so, commytting your Lordship to the com-
forte of the Almyghtye, I most humbly take my leave. At
the Covule, the 20th of Aprell, 1583.
Your Lordship's to commande,
Era. Walsyngham.
1583.] BURGHLEY ABSENT FROM COURT. 201
QUEEN ELIZABETH TO LORD BURGHLEY.
Sir Spirit * I doubt I do nickname you, for those of your
kinde (they say) have no sense, but I have of late seen an
ecce signum, that if an ass kicke you, you feele it too
soone. I will recant you from being my spirit, if ever I
perceive that you disdaine not such a feeUng. Serve God,
feare the Kinge, and be a good fellow to the rest. Let never
care appeare in you for such a rumor, but let them well
know, that you rather desire the righting of such wrongs, by
making knowne their error, then you to be so silly a so ule,
as to foreslowe that you ought to do, or not freely del}^ver
what you thinke meetest, and pass of no man so much, as
not to regard her trust, who puts it in you.
God bless you, and long may you last,
Omnino, E. R.
(Received 8th May, 1583.)
W. PARRY TO LORD BURGHLEY.
Right Honourable, my great liking to live in the state of
Venyce was over-ruled by the necessity of my departure.
Though I have not, perhaps, fully satisfied th'expectation
had of me, yet have I done my best to serve the Queue's
Majestic. If I be not deceaved, I have shaken the foundation
of the English semynary in Rheyms, and utterly overthrown
the credit of the English pensioners in Rome. My instru-
ments were such as passe for greate, honourable, and grave.
The course was extraordinary and strange, reasonably well
devised, soundly followed, and substantially executed, with-
out the assistance of any one of the English nation. Your
honourable favour, and Mr. Secretary's, hath overthrown my
* Queen Elizabeth was accustomed to call her able and faithful
counsellor, Lord Burghley, her Spirit.
202 FOREIGN NEWS. [.MAY,
credit with our countrymen on tins side ; and yet, if I were
well warranted and allowed, I would either prevent and dis-
cover all Roniayne and Spanish practises against our state,
or lose my lyfe in testymony of my loyalty to the Queue's
Majesty, and duty to my honourable friendes that have pro-
tected me. If it please your Lordship to conferre with Mr.
Secretary touching my letters herewith sent, to advise and
direct me, I am ready to do all I shall be able and am
commaunded.
Whatsoever I have already spent, I do thinke well be-
stowed. But it is neither my poore state, nor my trifling
allowance, thiit will serve to do that is to be done, the
meanest man that is to be followed and courted being a se-
cretary.
I have taken my leave of ordynary occurrents long ago, as
little worth and lesse avayling our State. I am promised
very good information from Venyce ; if it be performed, your
good Lordship shall be well served.
T came by Bada, where the diet is holden. The embassa-
dors of France, Savoy, the Cantons, and confederates were
assembled. The embassadors of Surich, Bern, and Ge-
neva tould me they had small hope of any accorde. They
mean to urge the matter to some sounde resolution. I iinde
the French King greatly mistrusted. Geneva is in greate hope
to be relieved out of England. 1 spake with Mr. Beza. I
thinke the man greatly decayed, and not long lasting. I was
also with Mr. Gualter, a good man and well affected to our
nation. I was very well entertayned and presented in Zuric
and Geneva.
Thus, longing to heare, and praying for your Lordship's
good health, I besech God to increase your honor and hap-
piness. From Lyons, 10th May, 1583.
Your Lordship's ever bounden,
W. Parry.
1583.] STATE OF IRELAND. 203
SIR FRANCIS WALSINGHAM TO LORD BURGHLEY.
My verie good Lord, the same night that your Lordship
departed from hence, I was taken with an extreme fitt of the
chollick, which held me imtill the next day at noone ; and
synce that tyme till now, I have been so greatly troubled
with a payne in my backe and head, as I am not able to
write. Wherefore your Lordship is to pardon me that I use
not myne own hand. My Lord of Ormond hath lately written
a letter to my Lords, by which it appeareth that Desmond is
brought to great extremitie and miserie, and in his said letter
to my Lords requireth authoritie and direction from hence to
dischardge his souldiers, wherof T moved her Majestic before
the receipt of these letters. By a letter from the Lord Jus-
tices, which I send your Lordship herewith, it appeareth
that George Carew * hathe latelie comitted a verie fowle act,
able to make the Irishmen enter into an hatred of us, trusting
us in nothing, and thinking that there is treacherie in anie
fayre promises made unto them. I am verie sorrie for this
act, and, though I love the gentleman well, yet do I wishe
some exemplarie punishment done on him for this fact.
Yesterday here arrived a messenger from Monsieur to her
Majestic, who wold have spoken with me, but that 1 could
not by reason of my sicknes, so of his coming and cause ther-
of I can say nothing, howbeit he, purposing, as I heare, to
repaire to your Lordship, I suppose you are acquaynted
with the matter of his coming.
Touching Master Fenton, and a callender or jornall of this
his voiage,t so soone as he cometh hither I will satisfie your
* George Carew was created^ in 160.3, Baron Carew of Clopton, in
Warwickshire, and by Charles I. Earl of Totness.
^ The Journal of Fenton's voyage is printed hi the interesting col-
lection of Hakluyt, vol. iii. The chaplain of this small tleet was Mr,
Walker^ see p. 178^ of this volume.
204 THE LORD mayor's SPEECH. [jLLV,
desyre in that belialfe. And so I commend your Lordship
humbhe to God. From the Court, the second of Julye,
1583.
Your Lordship's to command,
Era. Walsyngham.
AVILLIAM FLETEWOOD TO LORD BURGHLEY.
Right Honorable, sithens your Lordship last being here in
London, there have been two great feasts, the one at the
Grocer's Hall, the other at the Haberdasher's Hall. At the
Haberdasher's feast was my Lord Maior and divers of his
bretherne, with myself, where my Lord Maior, after the se-
cond course come in, dyd take the great standing cup, of the
gift of Sir William Garrett, being full of ypocraze, and silence
being commanded through all the tables, all men being bare-
headed, my Lord before all men did use these words with a
convenient lowd voyce.
*' Mr. Recorder of London, and you my good bretherne the
Aldermen, beare witness that I do drynke unto Mr. Alderman
Massam, as Sheriff of London and Middlesex, from Michael-
mas next coming, for one whole yere, and I do beseeche God
to gi'aunt him as quiet and peaceable a yere, with as good and
gracious favour of her Majestic, as I myselff, and my bretherne
the Sheriffs now being, have hytherto had, and as I trust
shall have."
This spoken, all men desired the same. The sword-bearer
in hast went to the Grocers' feast, where Mr. Alderman Mas-
sam was at dinner, and there dyd openlie declare the words
that my Lord Maior had used, whereunto (silence made, and
all being hushe) the Alderman answered verie modestlie in
this sort : " First, I thank God, who through his great good-
ness hath called me from a verie poore and meane degree
unto this worshipfull estate. Secondlie, I thanke her Ma-
jestic for her gracious goodnes in allowing unto us these great
1583.] FRAYS IN LONDON. 205
and ample franchises. Tliirdlie, I thank my Lord Maior, for
having so honorable opinion of this my companie of Grocers,
as to make choice of me, being a poor member of the same."
And this said, bothe he and all the companie pledged my
Lord, and gave him thanks.
Mr. Nowell, of the court, hath latelie bene here in London.
He caused his man to give a bio we unto a carrman. His
man hath striken the carrman with the pummellofhis sword,
and therewith hath broken his skull and killed him. Mr.
Nowell and his man are lyke to be indicted, w^hereof I am sure
to be muche trobled with his letters and his frynds, and
what by other means, as in the verie like case heretofore, I
have bene even with the same man. Here are sundrie yong
gentylmen that use the court, that most commonlie terme
theymselfs gentylmen ; when any of these have done any
thinge amisse, and are complayned of, or arrested for debt,
then they run unto me, and no other excuse or answer can
they make, but say — " I am a gentylman, and being a gentyl-
man, I am not thus to be used at a slave and a colion's
handes." I know not what other plea Mr. Nowell can plead.
But this I saye, the fact is fowle. God send hym good de-
liverance. I thinke, in my conscience, that he makelh no
reckoning of the matter.
It was my chance to examine a matter in the courte holden
at Bridewell. I have bene complayned of to the counsell-
board. I was sent for. Mr. Secretarie received my answer,
and told the complainants they had deserved to be hanged.
And this is the case : Abraham of Abraham, a gentylman of
an hundred pound land in Com. Lane, put his daughter and
heire unto my Ladie Gerrard of the Breme. Sir Thomas
and my Ladie being here in London, one Dwelles, a fenser
near Cicell House, and his wife, by indirect meanes, being of
kyn to the girle, dyd invite all my Lord's children and gentyl-
women unto a breakefast. They came thither, and at theire
coming the youthes were carried up to the Fense Hall. My
Lady's daughters and gentylwomen must nedes play at the
'200 A FORCED MARRIAfiK. [jl'LY,
cordes, will they nill they. The girle Abraham by the wife
of the howse was conveyed into a chamber, and shut the
doore after her, and there left her. The girl found in the
chamber four or five tall men; she knew them not. And
immediately the girle fell into a great feare, seeing them to
compasse her abowt. Then began an old priest to read upon
a booke ; his words she understood not, saving these words,
" I Henry take thee Suzane to my wedded wife," &c. This
done, they charged the wenclie never to discover this to any
body lyving.
And dyner being done, the wenche tolde to her fellowes
very lamentably what had bene done, and they over to Sir
Thomas and my Ladie ; and upon complaynt I sent for the
fenser's wife, who wold confesse nothing. I went w^th her
myself to Bridew^ell, where there was a full court, and thither
came Sir Thomas with the wenche, and there we bolted owt
the whole matter, and dyd no more. The fenser's wife is
returned to the Counter. The wenche is with my Lady
Gerrard. She was never in Bridewell, as the fenser and one
Poollwhele dyd advance to some of my Lords. The wenche
was there to accuse the fenser's wife in open court. My
Lord, this being the fact and the true case thereof, I fynd
the same to be felonie by Ac. 3, H. 7, ca. 2. And therefore
methinketh suche companions as this fenser and his wife
are, ought not to be allowed to deface suche poore men as I
am in suche order before the Lords.
Thus most humblie I take my leave of your good Lordship,
this 18th of Julie, 1583.
Your good Lordship's most bounden,
W. Fletewoode.
FRANCIS TOUKER TO LORD BURGHLEY.
The 22d July, 1583.
Right Honorable, since my laste being with your Honor, T
have bene three times at the Marshallsea, where I finde one
1583.] FOREIGN INTRIGUES. 207
Tidier, who was acquainted with me in Rome. This Ticher,
at my requeste, procured Christopher Fosteres to write unto
the Rector of the Englishe seminarie in Rome for the de-
lyverie of her housbande out of the gallies, who was con-
demned with Peter Barker. He saide also with some travell
she might have the Queue of Skotte's letter to the Pope,
or Fectnume's to the Cardinalls. He prefeiTcd me to con-
vey my letter at any time to Nicolas Fitzharbord, in Rom^e.
I thinke the conveier of the letters would be knowen witli
some diligence. Ticher hath written two times since his im-
prisonment, but not answered ; he warned me to beware of one
Robert Woodwarde, who served some time Doctor Wendon
in Rome. They have great intelligence, and feare him
muche.
In Aprell laste there came from Rome to Napoles an Irishe-
man whom the Pope created Bishoppe of Rosse in Irelande,
and gave him authoritie to make priestes, by which authoritie
he gave orders to as many as came and got much money. The
Archbishope of Napoles forbade him, but the Pope's nuncio
maintained his doings. This Bishope staide in Napoles only
for passage into Spaine, and so directly for Ireland. He car-
ried with him great store of pardones and agnosdeis to the
Pope's friends in Irelande. He hath to his servant one
Thomas Galtrope, a marchant's son of Dewlin. This Gal-
trope pretends to leave the Bishope's service and return to
his father, at their coming home.
Also there died one John Davies in Rome, who served the
Lord William Howard, as he saide. This Davies said in
Rome, that happie shall they be one daie that have launguages,
for when God takes our Prince from us, there will be much
troubles in Englande, and great revenging of old quarrells,
but he saide if the Earle could get Norwiche on his heade,
they did not care, with many like words.
Upon Soundaie nexte I go towards Exeter, and return by
the end of Auguste: if it be your Honour's pleasure that I
•208 ANNIVERSARY OF ST. liARTIIOLOMEW's. [aUCJ.
shall come to you before 1 depart, Mr. Cope male let me
knowe of it.
Francis Touker.
SIR WILLIAM CECIL* TO LORD BURGHLEY.
(Extract,)
* * * # #
I write unto your Lordship no newes, because the court is
not here, but yet looked for the last of this monethe.
Upon St. Bartelmeus Day, we had here solempn proces-
sions, and other tokens of triumphs and joy, in remembrance
of the slaughter committed this time eleven years past. But
I doubt they will not so triumph at the day of judgment.
Thus, most humbly craving your Lordship's blessing, I
commit the same and my Lady to Almighty God.
At Paris, this 26th of August.
Your Lordship's most obedient son,
W. Cecill.
SIR J. NORRYS TO MR, HERLE.
Mr. Herle, I receaved yours of the 23rd by the post.
Your advertisement of Fraunce concurrcs for the most part
with those that we have here, touching warres prepared against
the religion ; but we say withall, that the fresh newes of the
truce made between the Turck and the Persian wyll break
that course, and it is looked for that at a general assembly
of the nobility at Paris, the 20th of thys month, where we
hear the King wyl be, the intent to accept the inquisition
wil be greatly repugned by the Catholicks themselves, and
not lyke to get forward. We have receaved also letters from
Monsr. from Cambray, who saith he is arrived there with
* Lord Burghley's youngest son.
1583.] MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS. 209
8000 footmen and 2000 horse, and attendeth but that the
States should accept hym, and then to begin a new warre
agaynst Spayn. By thys we guesse that Monsieur is not
comprehended in any resolution to make warre against the
Protestants, and that the Kinge wyll not begin a warre till
he see what part Monsieur wyll take. Our negotiations are
heard, but you knowe the humour of those people, howe
slowe they are to give aunswer. From Cologne we hear the
Duke Casimer is arrived to mediate an agreement, and, as far
as I can learne, the towne wyll be content with that bysshop,
which is lyke to bring them first peace. The Prince of
Parma hath held hys determynations in suspence a whyle,
partly for that he Avas informed that I should bring some
forces hither, and partly to hear what Monsieur did in
Fraunce, but nowe he procedeth to besiege Ipre.
I am not of opinion, under correction of the wyser, that
it is a good course to make fayr weather to the Queen of
Scotland.* My reasons I wyll discourse by the next, be-
cause the wind now surpriseth me, and therefore, with great
thankes to your remembring of me, I wyll commytt you to
God.
From Flushing, thys 13th of Sept. stilo corretto, 1583.
Your good frend,
J. NORREYS.
TO MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS.f
Madame, le — ^ de ces mois au departement de Tambas-
sadeur de Walsingham, vostre filz m'a certifie qu'il est de-
* Some approaches were at this time made towards a treaty for the
liberation of Mary, but the unexpected discovery of her treacherous
dealings, and of new plots in which she was engaged, put a stop to
them.
t Translation.—" Madam, the 15th of this month, at the departure
of the ambassador Walsingham, your son assured me that he is de-
VOL. II. P
•210 FRENCH INTRIGUES IN SCOTLAND. [SEPT.
termine de m'envoyer 26 en toute diligence. J'appercois
qu'il est dutout ordonne a poursuivre I'amitie et ligue de ce
royaulme, et de suivre en tout le conseil de Monsieur de
Guise, d'achever le traicte comence entre vous et luy. Partant
si vous donnez bon ordre par dela, j'estime que vos affaires
pourront bien aisement estre menez a bon port. La povrete
de vostre filz est si grande qu il ne pent mettre en execution
la moindre partie de ces desseigns. Parquoy je vous
supplie de tenir la main par vostre moyen et conseil a I'en-
droict de Monsieur de Guise et aultres qu'il soit secouru en
cela. Je suis constraint moy mesme d'entreprendre ce voiage
a mes despens, ce que je ne puis bonnement soustenir si vostre
Majeste ne me faict secourir. Car le principal motif qui me
le faict entreprendre est I'avancement de vostre service. De-
sirant pour le mesme, que vostre Ma. me face entendre en
quoy particulierement et en quelle maniere vostre Ma. desire
que je m'employe par dela. Walsingham a este fort mal
receu et entretenu.
Sept. 26, 1583.
termined to send me into France with all diligence. I perceive that
he is altogether given to pursue the friendship and league of that
kingdom, and to follow in everything the counsel of Monsieur de
Guise, to finish the treaty begun between you and him. So if you
give good order there, I thnik that your affairs may easily be brought
to a good end. The poverty of your son is so great, that he cannot
put in execution the least part of his design. Wherefore I pray you
hold a hand by your means and counsel with regard to Monsieur de
Guise and others, that he may be aided in that. I am myself obliged
to undertake this voyage at my expense, which I cannot well support
if your Majesty does not cause me to receive aid. For the principal
motive which makes me undertake it is the advancement of your ser-
vice. Desiring for the same, that your Majesty give me to under-
stand in what particularly, and in what manner your Majesty desires
that I may employ myself there. Walsingham has been very ill re-
ceived and entertained."
This is an intercepted letter, in cypher in the original, from some
one of Mary's party in Scotland, where Walsingham was on an em-
bassy. The cypher 26 must mean France. It is curious that the
writer avoids calling James king.
1583.] DESIGNS OF DUKE CASIMIR. 211
A LETTER OF NEWS.
Sithense the writing of my last, Right Honorable Lord,
this further is to be advertised, that the Lord Treasurer is
called for backe from Burgheley in diligence, and will be
here this day in his jornay towards the courte. My Lord of
Leicester is also like to be staied from Warwickshire, which
riseth of the affayres that growe now great. Of Mr. Secre-
tarye's successe and proceeding in Scotland, the rest of our
directions depende.
D. Casimire hath a new messenger here, and so hathe the
King of Navarre. The sayd Casimire is at Bon, and hath
sent some deputyes to the States of the Low Countryes, to
accorde with them uppon articles, which, if they agree unto,
then will he, after the appeasing of the cawses of Colleyn,
(which he makes verie easie,) marche downe with his army
into Flaundi'es to rayse the seige of Ipre.
The principall mark he shoots at, and most harde to at-
tayne, is to joyne Germany, France, and England in the
action, and to establish the onlie Protestant religion through-
out the Lowe Countryes, saving in those places that the
Frenche King shai be master by conquest, and there the sayd
King is to use his owne religion and authority, and to an-
nexe his conquests to the crowne of Fraunce, as Casimire
shall do some other parts to the empire, and the rest to be
for England. In which treaty, all the Protestants of
France, of Germanye, England, and ellswhere, are to be
comprised. A godly wishe, but an impossible acte, to my
capacity.
To introduce the Frenche King thereunto, be two prin-
cipall reasons ; the first of necessity, and the other of
proffytt, viz. the greatnes of the King of Spaine is suche,
and his ambition, that if it be not rembarred, the same will
grow dredfull and dangerous to France, as the next neighbor
to offence and perill, and best deserving it by provocation.
i> 2
'21*2 THE LOW COUNTRIES. [NOV.
The other reason is, the proffyt that seemes great and certayn
to the Frenche King, to be possessed by this conjunction of
Artoys, Cambresy, and other provinces next adjoyning to
France, which is suche an augmentation to the crowne, as
should incline the Frenche King to accept sodenly of this
motion, and satisfie Monsieur's ambition for all pretences,
titelles, or claymes to the Lowe Countryes.
The Queue of England, likewise, seeing that religion
should be secured, the Protestants provided for, the priviledges
of the countrey remayne entire to the States, the sea townes
not in possession of the Frenche, herself to be entrusted
with the best and strongest places of the countrey for her
assurance, the King of Spaine kept short, and matched also
with the authority of the empire, she were as easilie, it is
presumed, drawen to like hereof as any other. All which,
in my opinion, will resolve into smoke, and is the thinge
that the Frenche and the Spanyards would have gladliest
entertayned, even to amuse and entangle us and our side in
irresolution and hope, till all were loste, and that a full
division were made among those of the Low Countryes de-
pending hereof, who in the ende should be dryven to caste
themselves into the King of Spaine's mercy simply, which is
even now in handling.
There is some great thing presentlie expected from the
King of Navarr by his ambassador, for the personage is
honorable and well-accompanyed that is come hither ; it is
the Baron of Pardillan, called Monsieur de Segure.
Her Majestic came this night to Ottlands from the hunt-
ing, somewhat erased with the cold. Yong Kingessmele is
growen into gTeat favor at the court.
The Prince of Cymaye, son to the Duke of Areschott, a
wise and religious gentleman, giving great hope that he will
do good offices to the States there, is not only made Governor
of Flaunders, but overseer of the whole, which dothe take from
the Prince of Orange's authority muche former credytt, and
brings him now lowe indeede. Mr. Norris shall have great
1583.] FOREIGN NEWS. 213
charge and commaiidement there, and so shall Coronell
Morgan be well employed. Also Mr. Norris' agent, called
Audeley Daniell, is arrived here this day with letters.
The said Prince of Orange is gone to Doodrecht in Hol-
land, for that is the place appointed for the meeting of
the States Generall to conclude of their affayres. Some
think that Casimirus in person, or some from him, wil be
there.
Ipre is straightlie besieged, and hathe the plage within
it, which will breed some despaire among them, if they be
not the sooner rescued, or well persuaded they may have it
done in tyme. If that place be gone, Gawnt and Bruges are
devided from ay ding one another, and secluded from looking
out of doore once with the losse of the whole contrey abowt
them, or of their wonted provision and intercourse.
The Prince of Parma, with his forces, are about Namures,
and towards Cleve, to favor the new Bishop of Colleyn.
The town of Colleyn and Casimire do treat of some accoi'd
to restore the old Bishop to his degi'ee, whereof we shall
hear more by the next.
Archeduke Charles of Awstria is made Generall by the
Emperor for these wanes of Colleyn, with great supplies out
of sundry places for the proceding therein, having the King
of Spaine's purse and the Pope's to furnishe him, and all
the favor that Italy and the other Papisticall Princes can
minister.
The King of Spaine shall incestuouslie againe marrie with
his other niece, the widow of France, and the Duke of Savoye
is sayd to be contracted with the daughter of Lorreyn, and
therof may be sene, that the Frenche King, the howse of
Guyse, Monsieur, and the King of Spaine, do runne all one
course to our confusion that be of the religion, if they may
prevayle, howsoever they disguyse to the contrary in their
speeches and negociations, which cost the poore King, Don
Anthonio, (who lyes in Symyer's howse beside Paris, a
trustie hoste to be assured of,) his lyfe, to begyn with. The
214 VARIOUS FOREIGN NEWS. [nOV.
Lowe Countryes, their liberties, and livings, and Scotland
to be stirred upp against us, with some further doniesticall
trouble within England, if they may procure it. But our
gi'acious Lord liveth, which, with the death of one King of
Spaine, or otherwise, as shall please him, is able to tume
their councels and forwardnes agaynst God to their own ruyne,
and make their power as it is, even duste and ashes.
There is a ma«;sacre begun in Languedock against some of
the religion. King Phillip hathe done so muche by his
pragmatical decree, through Spaine, for shipping, and by his
own building of shippes, as he hathe a newe and mightie
navye well nigh ready, to garde the coastes of Spaine and
the fleete of the Indyes, which shall have a peipetuall
allowance for the maintayning of the sayd navy in state still,
and for the uses above sayd, besyde his other navyes that
shal be employed in the Levant Seas, within the Strayts, and
hitherwards into the Lowe Countryes, but God is to dis-
pose of men's large purposes, according to his owne secret
will.
Butrech, who is the drawer of this plan for Casimirus, to
joyne France and England, in the action of the Lowe Coun-
tryes, in one, is huite with a small shott before Colleyn, but
in no danger.
Casimirus hath taken ten riche waggons of Italyens goods
above Colleyn, and stayes them, which riseth to a great
masse of money.
Sir Walter Mildmay is still here ; Mr. Secretary yet at
Barwick, which may presage somewhat by his staye there
so long. It is thought that he shall have occasion to be oc-
cupyed in Scotland till Christmas, which is nothing for his
health and convenience. The safe conduct of the Scottishe
King sent Mr. Secretary to Barwick, was found insufficient,
and therefore returned back, a matter of some impediment
and cunning withall.
The Duke of Guise lyes extremely sick, some say poisoned.
His cousin germayn, the Marquesse of Elbuef, hath the
1583.] ^^lATE OF SCOTLAND. 215
charge of the shipping preparing in Normandye, and of the
forces gathered therabouts.
We have preparations of musters throughout England, along
the sea coaste, and the borders of Scotland are provided for ;
but not so as I humbly wyshe, which I refer to your wisdome
and authority when time may serve.
One Preston, a student of some accompt in Cambridge,
namely for oratorie, is sayd to be withdrawen into Scotland
as a malcontent, and there made much of by the King, who
incorages hereby others to foil owe the lyke example, but un-
wisely in my opinion for the King and his actions.
Du Reaw^ and the Frenche ambassador shall have a second
audience at the court on Sunday next, but the King of Na-
varr's man shal be received and delt with to-morrow before
hand.
John Herbart hath compounded our merchants' causes
well in Denmark with the King, and is sent from thence into
Polonia, for the trafficque of those contries to be established
at Elving in Prussia, and at Cracovia in Poland. William
Wade hath likewise done his parte with the Emperor in
impugning the Stillyard men. And so very humbly I linishe.
The 6th of November, 1583.
ROBERT BOWES TO SIR FRANCIS WALSINGHAM.
It may please your Honor, the King contynueth still at
Holyroode-house, and hath bene there accompanyed with
sundry noblemen, as Argyle, Arrayn, Crawford, Montrosse,
Bothwell, Glencarne, and others of the nobility and counsel],
w^ho have lately bene much occupied, and chiefly in th'exa-
mination and tryall of the accusation made agaynst Mr.
Andrewe Melyn, provost of the University of St. Andrewes,
a person had in great estymation in that realme for his learn-
ing and good behayviour. He is chardged that in his sermon
he compared this court and the courtyers to the court of
216 SEDITIOUS PREACHEKS IN SCOTLAND. [fEB.
King- James the Third, and the courtyers therof who for their
Avickednes were hanged over Lauther bridge ; that their
Nabugodonaser (meaning the King's mother*) had for her
synnes bene fed these two seven yeares with hay, and that
for their synnes, she should yet come agayne to them ; and,
lastly, that the King was extraordinarily called to the crowne
and kyngdome. Whereunto he confessed to have made some
mention of part of the matters objected agaynst hym, but not
in suche termes or effects as he was accused, shewing that
albeit he noted the courtyers of King James the Third, (after
many great benefits given to them by God,) became proud
and insolent, and thereon received sharpe punishment, yet he
did not resemble this court or the courtyers to them, neyther
did he irreverently speak of the King's mother, or foretell or
prognosticate anything of her retiu:ne ; and in his prayer he
gave thanks to God for the great blessings he had powred on
the King, recounting particularly sundry graces, and among
the same that God had favourably and extraordinarily called
the King to this kingdome in lyke manner as David, Salomon,
and Boas w^ere, ending with an earnest prayer to God to pre-
serve the King, and make hym thankfull for these gracious
gyfts, lyke as by further advertisement to be given by Mr.
Melyn himselfe and to be shewed to me, will appear more at
large.
Tn this many wytnesses have bene examined, and straitly
withall, by the King in person ; yet they have approved the
innocency of Mr. Melyn, that besydes them hath also many
other good testimonies for him in this behalfe.
In this he offered to abyde th'uttermost torture and punysh-
ment in case th' articles layd against him should be proved,
putting the King and counsell in memory of th'act of par-
liament made for the manor of tryall of mynisters accused to
commyt any offence in their sermons. Whereuppon he was
soone checked for declyning and appealing from the King,
and thereon by act of counsell he was charged to ward in
* Mary Queen of Scots.
1584.] AFFAIRS OF SCOTLAND. 217
Edenburgh castle. Whereunto he was ready to obey ; but
afterwards he was charged by other letters to enter into warde
in Blacknesse. These letters were offred to have bene sygned
by Argyle and Montrosse, who wold not subscribe thereunto,
and great difficulty was made therein, yet Crawford and
Morton subscribed. And after the King in publicke counsell
caused Argyle, Montrosse, and all the rest then present to
subscribe to this matter.
The sight of this earnest course, and other circumstances,
occasioned Mr. Melyn to putt hymselfe in safety, and thereon
to come hither, purposing to seeke to recover the King's grace
and favor uppon the understanding of his innocency, and
thereon to returne agayne to his charge and office, or
otherwise to passe to the schooles, as by himself he will, I
thynke, shortly signify to you.
It is told the King that Seaton arryved safely at Callys,
and I am informed that before Seaton landed he wrote to the
King, signifying that he did abyde at Yarmouth e-roade above
twenty-four hours, in despite of all her Majestie's shippes,
with other braveries, agreable to his humor.
*****
Gowry hath pbtayned lycence to passe out of the realme ;
nevertheless he will tarry th'ende of the dayes given hym,
and then he will make no hast to depart.
James and Archebald Dougiasse, (base sonnes of Morton
deceased,) are already departed. Carmychell and the rest are
in readynes to follow them.
Mackoneill being lately at Court, hath renewed his lease
for the isles, and thereon he offi'ed, as I heare, very largely to
take the possession of the Isle of Man, seming that the same
might be done without great danger or difficulty. Thus,
with myne humble duty, I pray God have you in his
blessed keeping. At Barwicke, the 24th of February, 1583.
Your Honor's at comandement,
Robert Bowes.
•218 I'ROCEEDINUS OF THE SCOTTISH LORDS. [aPRIL,
R. BOWES TO SIR FRANCIS WALSINGHAM.
It may please your Honor, by th'advyse of some courtiers,
the King is still persuaded to think that Angusse, Atholl,
Marre, Gowry, and Master of Glamis, were convened quyetly
at St. Johnston, and have resolved to enter into some action
against him, or some especiall persons about hym, and that
Gowry will not obey the charge given him to depart out of
the realme at the day prescribed, being now passed. Hereon
the King had purposed to have levyed four hundred footemen,
wherof three hundred are already gathered under Captains
Bruce, Ramsey, and Creighton. The rest are to be supplied,
if they can be gotten ; but it is not yet agreed how they shal
be payed. The barons and gentlemen of Lowthyan have at-
tended and kept a stronge watche in their armor every night
for the King's defence. Now the gentlemen of Fyfe are
comed to Edenburgh to garde the King, abowt whom and in
the towne there watcheth nightly seven or eight hundreth men,
and the ward and scourage on the day is sett fyve or six
myles abowt the towne. The passages by water are by the
King's commandement stopped ; and the King and court are so
greatly moved herewith, pretending to prepare to go against
Gowry with all their forces, in case he shall not depart ac-
cording to the charge given hym, as hereon it is bruited and
looked for generally through the realme, and chiefly on the
borders and in the sowth part thereof, that the Lords be still
assembled together at St. Johnston's, intending to gather
their powers and come agaynst the King and courtyers, owt
of which rumours I thynke that longe before these you have re-
ceaved severall advertisements. But in all this tyme, Gowry
hath contynued in St. Johnston quyetly, with his ordinary re-
tynue, having lately sent Atholl his sonne-in-law to sue to
the King for a prorogation of the day appoynted for his de-
parture, but it was not graunted, and Atholl is directed to re-
mayne in Edinburgh during the King's pleasure, howbeit he
is now in hope to gett leave to retunie home. Angusse is
1584.] A TUMULT IN EDINBURGH. 219
sayd to have broken his word, and therewith it hath bene
given out that he came to Tomptallan, offering to sue for
Arrayne's favors, and to be reconciled to hym. He hath sent
Rathowse presently to the court, to travell in his behalfe, and
to make it knowen that he hath truely kept his ward in
Brichen, and touching that brute for seeking of Arrayne's
favor, his frends say that it procedeth more upon a subtile
practise, then any playn truthe.
Because those Lords do understand that the King and
courtyers conceiving thus of them, are purposed to put at
them, (as they terme it,) therefore it is looked they shall pro-
vide for their defence by the best meanes they can ; where-
uppon it is thought that some troubles shall hastely followe
thereon. Yet others think that those dark clowdes may, per-
adventm'e, dissolve in small droppes, without any violent
storme, whereof some better certainty will be had within fewe
dayes.
Upon proclamation published at Edenburgh, that all the
servants and dependers of Marr and Glamis should depart
owt of the towne within three howres, and that none of
Cledesdale (except Sir James Hamylton his sonne and ser-
vant,) should come into Edenburgh, the Countesse of Marre
was commanded to passe out of Sterlynge, and Col. Steward
coming to make searche in the Lady Hume's howse in Eden-
burgh for letters and persons suspected, gave her order to de-
part spedily, whereunto she obeyed.
Every fourth quarter of the towne of Edenbm'gh was
charged to watch nightly by turns, and upon the increasse
of the feare in the courte, the whole towne was charged to
watche nightly, wherewith they were soon tyred : and upon
advertysement of some default in the watch, and that some
others were watching in St. Giles' churchyard for the safety
of the towne and ministers according to their custom, Arrayn
in some passion passed into Edenburgh, and Huntley into
Canyngate, to serche the watche, where Arrayn, fynding Mr.
Thomas Cragge, an advocate, Mychaell Gylbert, and other
220 FRENCH SOLDIEKS EXPECTED TN SCOTLAND. [aPRIL,
burgesses, with their wives, in the streets returning to their
howses, checked them that they were not personally in the
watch, and albeit they humbly answered, that they had their
sufficient deputies there, agreable to the charge and custom,
yet he sodenly stroke Gylbert with his baston, pursuing hym
into his owne howse, where he beat hym well. This is evill
taken by the towne, that put a garde to their ports, mynding
to have kept Arrayne out of the towne. And after some
dyfficulty shewed for his entry, afterwards he was at length
receaved.
In the late revocation of the King's graunts, Morton
was so favourably provided, as thereby he thought himselfe
in especiall grace ; neverthelesse pressing th'other day to come
into the King's chamber, and entring in it unawares behynd
the King, while he was at his pastime and not pleased to be
troubled therin, he heard the King command the door to be
kept agaynst hym, adding that he was but a foole. And al-
beit the King (espying that he heard it,) wold have salved
the matter, yet he is departed greatly discontented,
Glencarne left the court much more sodenly then was
looked for. Bothwell coming to the court to renew the
graunts of his offices and possessions given by the King, ob-
tayned the King's good will, and thereon retyred to Kelso,
purposing to returne to the coml within a short tyme. At
his late repayre and departure from the court, it is by some
reported to have bene farr otherwyse.
Among these other rumors, it is commonly hinted, and be-
lieved by many, that 600 Frenchmen shall come with the
next wynd out of Fraunce into Scotland, for the King's
garde. Sundry of Edinburgh and Dundey, (receaving letters
from their frends in Parys,) have advertised me, that by these
letters it is confirmed and certifyed that the sayd number of
Frenchmen shall be sent to Newhaven to be embarked for
Scotland. Howbeit I cannot leame that Seaton, in his late
letters to the King, hath made any mention thereof, and
knowing that you understand by others the truth in this bet-
1584.] FRENCH INTRIGUES. -22 1
ter then I can signify, therefore I forbear to wryte further
thereof.
It is advertised to me by a wise and honest gentleman,
that it is done hym to understand that Sir John Seaton, ar-
ryving at Dumbarton, or in the west of Scotland, was
secretly in Canyngate, and is gone to Seaton. That he hath
bene privily with the King, notwithstanding that he sayth to
suche as he will shewe hymselfe unto, that he may not pre-
sent himselfe to the King's presence, nor can tell what suc-
cesse he shall have in his late negotiation in Spayne, untill
Seaton his father shall return unto Scotland. And herewith
I am advertised also that by the late letters brought to the
King from Seaton, he commendeth the good entertaynment
given hym in Fraunce, shewing that he was directed to re-
tyre unto and remayne at Roan, untill the French King's
answer shall be sent thither to hym. He sheweth many fayre
and large promises to be made to hym there for the King
his master's welfare, yet with conditions that the King of
Scotts shall contynue and performe lyke frendshippe to the
Frenche King, as his progenitors in Scotland have shewed,
according to th' ancient league betwixt those nations ; and
that in case the French King shall invade the Protestants in
Fraunce or elswhere, that the King of Scots shall assyst
hym notwithstanding the matter of religion, and that he shall
restrayne the preachers and his other subjects in Scotland
hereafter to rayle agaynst hym, or the nation of Fraunce.
Some in court are still perswaded that Seaton shall returne
with more plenty of the King's scales then thousands of his
crownes, to be sent to the King of Scots, which I know
you will by others understand sooner and better then I can
learne and certify.
Crawford is recovered of the hurt receaved by the fall of
his horse. He hath taken into his defence Dumfermlynge
and his cause, otherwise Dumfermlynge had bene charged
to have followed others, and sought forrayn nations.
It is meant, (as I am informed,) that the Castle of Edin-
222 STIRLING CASTLE YIELDED TO THE LORDS. [APRIL,
burgh slial be taken from Alexander Erskyne, and commytt
to the custody of Collonell Stewart.
Thus, with myne humble duty, I pray God have you in his
blessed keeping. At Barwicke, the 5th Aprill, 1584.
Your Honor's at commandement,
Robert Bowes.
ROBERT BOWES TO SIR FRANCIS WALSINGHAM.
It may please your Honor, on Monday last the 20th here-
of, in the evening, William Colvile receaved his dispatch at
Sterling, and came hither yesternight with letters to myselfe
from Angusse, Marre, and Glamys, refemng credit to the
bearer aforesayd, which credit rested chiefly in the declara-
tion of sending sondry petitions made by the sayd Lords, and
appearing in the note inclosed.
The sayd messenger hath herewith informed me as fol-
loweth. First, that the Lords and their companyes came to-
gether at Sterlynge on Saturday last, agreable to my former,
and that on Sonday last, the castle there, being in the custody
of Henry Steward, (brother of Arrayn,) and Mr. John Stew-
ard, the constable thereof, accompanyed with eight other
persons, was rendered upon composition that Henry, John,
and the rest in the castle, should depart without hurt. And
albeit, liberty was given to Henry Steward and the rest to
have departed at his pleasure, yet Henry being advysed that
some of his particular enemyes lay in the way in awayt to
kyll hynijhe rather chose to tarry still with them at Sterlynge,
wheruppon he is kept in the castle there.
That these Lords contynue still in the castle and towne
of Sterlynge, with five or sixe hundreth horsemen, hoping
that the rest of their associates shal be with them with all
their forces very speedily, and that they were advertised, at
the time of the departure of this messenger, that Atholl wold
1584.] THE LORDS AT STIRLING. 223
be there on the morrow, as well with his own power, as also
with all Gowry's forces. That the same day the forces of
Boyd, Master of Cassils, Bargamye, and sondry Barons of
the northe parts, and in Angusse, Fyfe, and other places,
shall shortly come to them. In hope of which succour and
support they have entered into this action, which by a large
and long proclamation, already published in Sterlynge, they
protest and declare not to be taken in hand in any \\3ije to
the hurt of, or against, the King their soveraigne, but only
to bring sundry persons abowte hym, and abusing hym and
th'estate, to due tryall and chastisement, as their offences
fownd and proved by lawe should deserve.
That the Countesse of Gowrye came to Sterlynge, purpos-
ing to have passed that way to the King, to have sought his
favour towards her husband, and falling into dangerous syck-
nes by her travell so soone after delyvery of chylde, she
was constrayned to stay sometyme at Sterlynge, whereupon
commandement is given that she shall not come nere the
King's presence by twenty myles.
That Argyle sent an especiall messenger to Glamys, signi-
fying that the King had sent for hym in suche sort as he
could not deny to go to him, with his ordynary howsehold.
desyring Glamys to send his servant to hym with his advyse,
what he wold counsell hym to do at his coming to the King,
Whereuppon Glamys sent a gentleman to Argyle, advysing
him to repaire to the King with his household servants, and
to let the King and all noblemen with hym understand that
those Lords in Sterlynge are not convened to oppose them-
selfs against his Majestie's person, but to seeke that some
evil instruments about hym and abusing hym and th'estate,
may be drawen to examynation, tryall, and punyshment by
lawe, according to the judgment of his Majestie, and generall
convention of all th'estates and parliament, in lyke sort as
they will suffer and yield themselfes unto. Which Argyle
hath promised to performe effectually, and with all favour.
That Rothowse, Lyndsey, and sondry others, carrying
•2*24 THE KING PREPARES AGAINST THE LORDS. [aPRIL,
good affection to these Lords at Sterlynge, are dctermynedto
come to the King with their forces ; neverthelesse that they
will in tyme informe the King of the true meaning of the
Lords in this action, and perswade hym thereon to stay
his forces, and in no wyse aventure his person in battayle for
such a cause. That if their counsell herin shal be rejected,
they will then withdrawe themselfs and their forces with
them.
Besydes, by other intelligence, I am advysed that the
King is fully resolved to proceede in person against these
Lords, with all possible expedition and violence, purposing
to sett forward this day to Lithkoe.
Upon the proclamations made, and commanding all men,
betwixt sextene and sixtie, to come to hym, his forces
gathered at Edinburgh are very great ; for fewe (others then
suche as especially depend on the Lords' partye in this
action) do disobey or deny to come to the King as they are
accommanded. Among others, the towne of Edinburgh,
upon these musters and comandement, have agreed to sett
forthe five hundred footemen to attend on the King at their
charge. And besydes, they have disbursed and lent the
King 11,000/. Scots, to list and entertayn 500 other footemen.
All the boroughes and townes of the sea coaste are com-
manded to come to the King, and they yield thereunto. So
as the forces assembled and coming to hym will surely be
exceding great, and farre above the numbers that can be
gathered by the Lords ; who, notwithstanding, are in hope
that all which come in feld agaynst them will not enter into
the battayle agaynst them and this action. At the coming
away from Edinburgh of myne informer hereof, the King and
his counsell were about to appoynt th'ofhcers in his army,
which then were not chosen.
The castle of Edinburgh is not yet called for ; but because
the King suspecteth James Rede, the constable thereof, and
hath commanded the captain to put another in his place,
therefore the captain sulfereth another to occupy his roome,
1584.] THE LORDS RETREAT FROM STIRLING. 225
keeping liym still in the castle and especiall trust. And
albeit, the same castle shall be commanded to be delyvered up,
yet the captain is hitherto mynded to keepe the same still, in
respect that the charge thereof was commytt to hym by par-
liament, and with order that he should not leave the same by
any other commandement or authority. The King maketh
suche hast to the field, and with such earnestnes, as it is
thought the matter shall be brought to spedy tryall, either by
battayle or by defeyt of the Lords, that hitherto are sayd to
have small powers against the great forces of the King, which
I commend to the good pleasure and will of God, and to the
experience to be sene following herein. Thus, with myne
humble duty, I pray God have you in his blessed keeping.
At Barwicke, the 23rd of Aprill, 1584.
Your Honor's at commandement,
Robert Bowes.
ROBERT BOWES TO SIR FRANCIS WALSINGHAM.
It may please your Honor, this mornynge I have receaved
credible advertisement, that Coll. Steward went forth towards
Sterlynge on Thursday last in the night, with 1000 horse-
men, promising to knocke on Sterlynge walls, but he stayed
longe in Lithkoe. Afterwards he passed to Torwood, where
some small skyrmishes were, of none effect. Yesterday, about
eleven in the forenoone, the King and his army marched from
Edenburgh towards Lithkoe, with 6000 men of horsebacke
and foote, of all gatherings. The vayward was comytt to
Huntley, Crawford, Arreyn, Montrosse, and Rothhowse.
The King was in the myddle ward, garded with 800 shott,
sett forth of Edenburgh. And in the rereward was the Lords
Saynclere, Somervile, Hume, and others. The yong Duke
was commytt to, and left with, the provost of Edenburgh.
The Lords in Sterlynge, being advised as well of the pre-
sent forces against them, as also of others gathering, did
VOL. II. Q
226 THE RETREAT OF THE SCOTTISH LORDS. [aPRTL,
put four score or a hundred men into the castle, and after
withdrewe themselfs from Sterlynge, for their forces were not
above fyve or syxe hundred men, and suche frends as pro-
mised to come, fayled and brake promyse.
Thus they are departed from Sterlynge, and given backe,
but I cannot learne that they be wholly broken. It is adver-
tised herewith to me, that they are drawing together towards
the borders, whereof I cannot have any further knowledge,
as yet, then conjecture of my informer.
Both well is commaunded to returne to his owne howse,
leaving his forces behynd hym. His servant sent to Angusse
on Thursday last, was taken and brought to the King. Both-
well justifyed the sending of hym ; and that he had wrytten
and sent to Angusse to give up kyndnes with them. Bothwell
was comed home, but he is sent for agayne.
Lyndesey is warded in Blacknesse ; Coldenknowes also
commytt to warde ; Sesford commanded to forbeare to come to
the King.
Gowry, as it is credibly reported, hath confessed and dis-
covered the whole matter, and the names of thirty-two noble-
men and greate barons to have bene partyes in this action,
perswading the King thereon to beware to procede over
hastily.
Great reward is promised to any that shall apprehend and
brynge to the King any of the Lords or parties in this enter-
prise, and they be publiquely declared tray tors and rebells.
Thus leaving all others to the next, and with myne humble
duty, I pray God have you in his blessed keeping. At Bar-
wick, the 26th of Aprill, 1584.
Your Honor's at comandement,
Robert Bowes.
W. FLETEWOOD TO LORD BURGHLEY.
Right honourable, and my very good Lord, upon Whit-
sondaye there was a very good sermon preached at the New
1584.] LONDON PRENTICES. 227
Church-yard near Bethelem, whereat my Lord Maior was
with his bretherne. And by reason no playes were the same
day, all the citie was quiett.
Upon Monday e I was at the court, and went to Kingston
to bed, and upon Tuesdaye I kept the lawedaye for the
whole libertie of Kingston, and found all quiet and in good
order. There lyeth in Kingston Sir John Savage, of Ches-
hire, with his ladie, at Mr. He. Grises his house, the which is
at the Vicarage.
That night returned to London, and found all the wardes
full of watches. The cause thereof was for that neere the
theatre or curten, at the tyme of the playes, there laye a pren-
tice sleeping upon the grasse ; and one Challes alias Grostock
did turne upon the toe upon the belly of the same prentice ;
whereupon this apprentice start up, and after words they fell
to playne blowes. The companie increased of bothe sides
to the number of 500, at the least. This Challes exclaimed
and said, that he was a gentleman, and that the apprentice
was but a rascal, and some there were littel better than roogs,
that tooke upon them the name of gentelmen, and saide the
prentizes were but the skumme of the worlde. Upon these
troubles, the prentizes began the next daye, being Tuesdaye,
to make mutinies and assemblies, and did conspyre to have
broken the prisones, and to have taken forth the prentizes
that were imprisoned. But my Lord and I having intelli-
gence thereof, apprehended four or fyve of the chief conspi-
rators, who are in Newgate, and stand indicted of their lewd
demeanours.
Uppon Weddensdaye, one Browne, a serving man in a
blew coat, a shifting fellowe, having a perilous wit of his owne,
intending a spoil if he could have brought it to passe, did at
the theatre-doore quarrell with certayn poore boyes, handi-
craft prentizes, and strooke some of them ; and last lie, he,
with his sword, wounded and maymed one of the boyes upon
the left hand. Whereupon there assem^bled near a thousand
people. This Browne did very cunningly conveye himself
Q 2
228 FRAYS IN LONDON. [.TUNE,
awayc, but by chance he was taken after and brought to Mr.
Humfrey Smithe, and because no man was able to charge
him, hedismyssed hym. And after this, Browne was brought
before Mr. Younge, where he used himself so cunninglie and
subtillie, no man being there to charge hym, that there also
he was dismyssed. And after I sent a warrant for hym, and
the constables with the deputie, at the Bell in Holborne,
found him in a parlour, fast locked in, and he would not obeye
the warrant, but by the meane of the host he was conveyed
awaye ; and then I sent for the host and, caused hym to ap-
peare at Newgate, at the sessions of oier and determiner,
where he was committed untill he brought forth his gest.
The nexte daye after he brought hymselfe, and so we indicted
hym for his mysdemeanours. This Browne is a common
cousener, a thief, and a horse-stealer, and colloureth all his
doings here about this townewith a sutethat he hathe in the
lawe agaynst a brother of his in Staffordshire. He resteth
now in Newgate.
Upon the same Weddensdaye at night, two companions,
one being a tailor and the other a clerck of the Common
Pleas, bothe of the Duchie, and bothe very lewd fellowes,
fell out abowt an harlott, and the tailor raised the prentises
and other light personnes, and thinking the clerk was ran
into Lyon's Inne, ran to the house with 300 at the least,
brake downe the wyndowes of the house, and strooke at the
gentilmen. During which broyle, one Raynolds, a baker's
Sonne, came into Flete Strete, and there made sollemne pro-
clamation for clookes. The streate rose and tooke and
brought hym unto me. And the next daye we indicted hym
also, for this mysdemeanor, with many other more.
Uppon Weddensdaye, Thursdaye, Frydaye, and Satter-
daye, we dyd nothinge els but sitt in commyssion, and ex-
amine these misdemeanors. • We had good helpe of my Lord
Anderson, and Mr. Sackforthe.
Upon Sondaie, my Lord sent two aldermen to the court,
for the suppressing and pulling downe of the theatre and
1584.] FRAYS IN LONDON. 2-29
curten, for all the Lords agreed thereunto, saving my
Lord Chamberlayn and Mr. Vice-Chamberlayn ; but we ob-
tayned a letter to suppresse them all. Upon the same night
I sent for the Queue's players, and my Lord of Arundell his
players, and they all well nighe obeyed the Lords letters.
The chiefest of her Higlmes' players advised me to send for
the owner of the theatre, who was a stubborne fellow, and
to bynd him. I dyd so. He sent me word that he was my
Lord of Hunsden's man, and that he wold not come to me ;
but he would in the morning ride to my Lord. Then I sent
the under-sheriff for hym, and he brought him to me; and
at his coming he showted me out very justice. And in
the end, I showed hym my Lord his master's hand, and
then he was more quiet. But to . . . . for it he wold not
be bound. And then I mynding to send hym to prison, he
made sute that he might be bounde to appeare at the oier
and determiner, the which is to-morrowe, where he said that
he was sure the court wold not bynd hym, being a coun-
sellor's man. And so T have graunted his request, where he
is sure to be bounde, or els is lyke to do worse.
Upon Sondaye, at afternoon, one brewer's man killed ano-
ther at Islyngton. The lyke parte was done at the White
Chappel, at the same tyme.
The same Sondaie, at night, my Lord Fitzgerrald, with a
number of gentilmen with hym, at Moore-Gate, met a tall
yong fellowe, being a prentize, and strook hym upon the face
with his hatt. Whereupon my Lord and his companie were
glad to take a house, and dyd skarcelie escape without great
danger. The sheriff came and fett him to his house, wdiere
he lodged; and imprisoned one Cotton, that procured my
Lord to misuse the prentize. The same night, at Aldersgate
Street, a prentise was put in the kage, and the kage was
broken by a number of lewd fellowes, and I hearing thereof
dyd send my men for hym, and sent hym to the Counter,
where to-morrow he shall answere for his misdemeanour
with others.
230 A FRAY IN CHEAPSIDE. [jUNE,
A Frenchman, a dweller in Flete Street, a hanger upon
Monsieur Malvesour, for having received a Frenche boye
into his house, and for the conveying hym awaye, who had
robbed one of my Lord of Bedford's gentilmen, was brought
unto me. My Lord Malvesour sent unto me for hym, and said
he wold do justice upon hym hymself. T told the messenger
what the lawe was, and wylled hym to bring me sureties,
and he should be bailed, untill the Lords were certified
thereof The which they refused to do. But to-morrowe,
at the oier and determiner, I will do as I am advised by my
Lords the justices. I sent the prisoner, with the cause, unto
Mr. Treasurer, thinking that he wold, being a counsellor,
have taken order therein ; but he returned the prisoner
agayne to me. Surelie, my Lord, 1 love not to have to deale
with these embassadors, for surelie I do often see, heare, and
fynde things done by them, that are neither godlie nor
honorable.
The eldest sonne of Mr. Henrie I heare upon Mondaye,
being yesterdaye, fowght in Cheapeside with one Boat, that
is, or latelie was, Mr. Vice-Chamberlayn's man ; and all
was which of them was the better gentilman, and for taking
of the wall.
This daie Mr. Cheney, of the Boyes, brought me his
yongest sonne, being nephew to Sir Henrie Lee, and wold
needes have me to send hym to Bridewell, where he had pro-
vided a chamber for hym. But I wold not agree thereunto,
but sent hym to be kept with my Lord of Wynt.'s bailiff's
house, the which is a place bothe swete and cleane. The
yonge gent hathe hurt two, whereof I learne they are lyke to
die. The gentilman, as I can perceyve, is wild, et lucidus
inter valla. And even now cometh in my Lord of Winton's
bailiff, and telleth me that he is glad to hire three men to
kepe hym both daye and night in this extreme frenzie.
This Weddensdaye morning, the oyer and determiner sat
at Newgate, for the quieting of the daihe and nightlie
brawles. There appeared my Lord Fitz Gerrald, and one
1584.] SIR JOHN HAWKINS. 231
Cotton of eighteen yeres of age, (more bold then wise,) a
marvelous audacious youth, standing altogether upon his
genterie. It so fell out, that, by due examination, my Lord
of Kyldare's Sonne delt very wisely, well, and circumspectly,
without any manner of evill behaviour in any manner of wise.
Mr. Wynter, sonne and heir of Mr. George Wynter, de-
ceased, was there, and advised my Lord so to do for tyme's
experience. Mr. Doctor Lewes, and the xldmirall commis-
mission, have made hym a man of good understanding.
An old musicion of the Queue's had this last night
meretricem in suo lectulo. One Alen, a constable, being
homo barhatus, the Italian most violentlie tore off Alen's
beard, and said he might have a wenche in his chamber, for
that he was the Queue's man. Aleyn is now become a Mar-
quesuto. My Lord Maior hathe bound the Italian to aun-
swere at the next gaole delyverie.
(June 18, 1584.)
SIR JOHN HAWKINS TO LORD BURGHLEY.
My bounden duty in right humble manner remembred
unto your good Lordship, I have briefly considered uppon a
substantial! course, and the materyall reasons that by myne
owne experience, I know (with God's assistance) will strongly
annoy and offend the Kinge of Spayne, the mortall enemy of
our relygion and the present government of the realme of
England.
And surely, my very good Lord, if I shold only consyder
and looke for myne own lyfe, my quietnes, and commodyty,
then truly myne own nature and dysposition doth preferre
peace before all things.
But when I consyder wherunto we are boren, not for our-
selves, but for the defence of the churche of God, our prynce,
and our contrey, I do then thynke how this most happy go-
232 MEANS TO ANNOY THE SPANIARDS. [jULY,
vernment myglit, with good providence, prevent the con-
spyracies of our enemies.
I do nothyng at all doubt of our abylytie in welthe, for
that I am persuaded that the substance of this real me is
trebled in valine, synce her Majestie's raygne. God be glo-
ryfyed for it !
Neyther do I thynk there wanteth provysions carefully
provyded, of shypping, ordinance, powder, armour, and
munition, so as our people were exercised by some meanes
in the course of warrs.
For I rede when Mahomette the Torke toke that famous
city Constantinople, dygging by the foundations and bot-
tomes of the howses, he found suche infinyte treasure, as
the said Mahomet condempning their wretchednes, wondred
how this city could have bene overcome, or taken, if they
had in tyme provyded men of warre and furnyture for their
defence, as they were very well able ; so I say there wanteth
no abyllyty in us, if we be not taken unprovided, and upon
a soddayne.
And this is th'only cause that hath moved me to say my
mynd frankly in this matter, and to sett downe these notes
inclosed,* praying th'Almighte God, which directeth the
The iuclosure alluded to is as follows: —
* " The best means how to annoy the King of Spayne, in my
opinion, withowt charge to her Majestie, which also shall bryng
great proffyt to her Hyghnes and subjects, is as folio weth : —
" First, if it shal be thought mete that the Kinge of Portyngallmay
in his ryght make warre with the Kinge of Spayne, then he wold be
the best means to be the head of the faction.
" There wold be obtayned from the sayd King of Portyngall an
auctority to some person, that shold allwayes give leave to suche as
upon their owne charge wold serve and annoy the King of Spayne as
they myght, bothe by sea and land, and of their booties, to paye unto
the King of Portyngall, fyve or ten of the himdrethe.
" There wold be also some person auctorysed by her Majesty to
take notes of suche as do serve the sayd King of Portyngall, and so
that partye with her Majestie's consent to gyve them leve and allow-
%
1584.] MEANS TO ANNOY THE SPANIARDS. ^33
harts of all governours, either to the good or benefitt of the
people for their relief and delyverance, or ells doth alter and
ance to retyre, victuall, and sell in some port of the "West Contrye,
for which lybertye they shold paye unto hir Majestie fy ve or ten of the
hundrethe.
" None shold have leave to serve the sayd King of Portyngall, but
they shold put in surety to offend no person, but suche as the sayd
King had warre vdth, but shold be bound to breke no bolke but in the
port allowed, where wold be commissioners appoynted to restore those
goods as are belonging to friends in amyty with the King of Portyn-
gall, and to allow the rest to the taker.
" There wold be martial law for suche as committed pyracy, for
there can be none excuse, but all idle seamen may be employed.
'^ If these condytions be allowed, and that men may enjoy that
which they lawfully take in this service, the best owners and merchant
adventurers in the ryver wyll put in fotte, and attempt great things.
'^ The gentlemen and owners in the west parts will enter depely
into this party.
" The Flushingers wyll also be a great party in this matter.
" The Protestants of France wyll be a great company to help this
attempt.
" The Portyngalls in the islands, in Brasyll, and in Geney, (Guinea,)
for the most part wyll contynually revolt.
" The fyshings of Spayne and Portyngall, which is their greatest
relief, wyll be utterly impeded and destroyed.
" The islands wyll be sacked, their forts defaced, and their brasse
ordinance brought away.
^^ Our own people, as gunners (wherof we have fewe) wold be made
expert, and growe in number, our idle people wold grow to be good
men of warre both by land and sea.
"The coast of Spayne and Portyngall in all places wold be so
annoyed, as to kepe contynuall armyes there wold be no possibylyty ;
for that of my knowledge it is trouble more tedyous and chargeable
to prepare shypping and men in those partyes then it is with us.
" The voiage offered by Sir Francys Drake might best be made
lawfuU to go under that lycence also, which wold be secret tyll the
tyme draw neere of their readynes.
'' All this before rehersed shall not by any meanes draw the King of
Spayne to offer a warre, for that this party will not only consyst of
ICnglishmen, but rather of the Frenche, Flemyngs, Scotts, and suche
lyke, so as King Phyllip shall be forced by great intreaty to make her
234 MURDER OF THE PRINCE OF ORANGE. [jULY,
hynder tlieir understanding to the punyshment and ruin of
the people for their synns and offences. Humbly beseching
your good Lordshipe to beare with my presumption in deal-
ing with matters so highe, and to judge of them by your
great wisdome and experyence how they may in your Lord-
ship's judgement be worthy the consy deration, humbly taking
my leave.
From Deptford, the ^Oth of July, 1584.
Your honourably Lordship's ever assuredly bounden,
John Hawkyns.
W. DAVISON TO SIR F, WALSINGHAM.
(Extract, Edinburgh, July 1584.)
Sir, before the receipt of your Honor's letters by my man,
we had here the unhappy newes of the murther committed on
the poore Prince of Orenge, which as it is generally lamented
of all good men, so is there little better issue (without God's
goodnes) expected of D'Espernon's voiage to the King of
Navarre, flowing, as it is feared, from the same blood-thirsty
counsell, howsoever it be cloaked and disguised. The Lord
in mercy preserve her Majesty, against whom the mayne bat-
tery of their mallice and fury hath been layd this many yeres,
giving her the grace to acknowledge from whom her former
deliveraunces have come, confessing with the prophet
David that the Lord is her refuge and defence in the day of
trouble, and to depend still uppon his mercy and protection,
that is able to carry her through all dangers both of body
and sowle.
Majestie a meane to withdraw the forces of her subjects and the ayde
of her Hyghnes' ports, for otherwyse there will be suche scarcyty in
Spayne, and his coast so annoyed, as Spayne never endured so great
smart. The reason is, for that the greatest traffiques of all Phyllipe's
dominions must passe to and fro by the seas, which will hardly es-
cape intercepting."
1584.] FRENCH INTRIGUES IN SCOTLAND. 235
De la Fontaine hath till this day contynued at Leith, but
sent over a paquet on Wednesday last to the court, from
whence Doun was the next addressed unto him, by whom
his way hath been prepared. He brought letters of address
and commendation both to him and others, from Manninge-
ville, with many thanks for their good offices shewed in de-
livery of Holt, and hath speciall letters from the French King
and the Duke* his master to the most part of the nobility,
to entertayn them in good humour and lyking of this un-
happy course. T am borne in hand, by gentlemen of great
credit, that he is not come without food to relieve the hunger
of our courtiers, which they pretend to be well advised of,
and that he hath brought a sword from the Duke his master
to the King, which is confidently bruted and believed to have
been hallowed by the Pope, and sent from him. It should
seem that her Majestie's difficulty to consent to the publique
voiage of Mauvissiere, and Monsieur Pinart hath bredd the
employment of this man, that under the habit and cloak of a
private person things might be carryed the more secretly, and
with the lesse note and jealousey. Here is likewise some
expectation that Mr. W. Ballandyne, who, during his late
being here, had often and private conference with the King,
should returne agayne very shortley, instructed with the se-
cret of all things, as a person specially trusted by 50 and
260,t but in the mean tyme there appeares no want of others
to do good offices.
SIR F . WALSINGHAM TO LORD HUNSDON.
(Extract, Aug. 24, 1584.)
I do now send your Lordship herewith the safe conduct of
■' Of Guise. t These numbers are cyphers.
236 THE SCOTTISH LORDS IN ENGLAND. [aUG.
the Master of Gray,* which could not sooner be dispatched
by reason of her Majcstie's departure from Oatlands towards
a little progresse, as by my last I wrote unto your Lordship.
It appeareth by credible advertisementes and intelligences,
that the matter of Ireland was contrived in January last there
in Scotland, and that James Maconell, a principall leader of
the Irishe Scottes, who dependeth altogether uppon Arran,
was then at the courte, which practise was now revived and
presently put in execution uppon William Nugenl's repayre
into that realme. For which purpose Mr. Orrell receaved
both commission and some supplie of money, howsoever,
they do otherwise plead ignoraunce, and seem to take no
knowledge of the matter.
Touching the new pretended conspiracy that your Lord-
ship hath before written unto me is layd to the charge of
these distressed noblemen here in England, they do from their
hartes protest their innocency therein, and refuse no indiffe-
rent try all to cleere themselves of the same, nor any punish-
ment if it may be proved against them. And therefore it is
a very hard and strange course, that the Erie of Arran should
suffer himself to be made an instrument of such slaunderous
imputations, and seeke to defame and make the noblemen
odious to her Majestic and to all the world, thereby to thrust
him into the charge of the castle of Edenborough, and to
frustrate her Majestic reasonable request for their relief,
wherin she herself is touched in honour, to be abased with
such wrong informations, and therefore cannot in reason
looke for any playne or sure dealing at his hands that shall
devise such false and malicious plots to serve his owne turne,
to the overthrowe of the innocent. For myne owne part, as
one that love and honour your Lordship, I cannot but wishe
that you may receave better measure at his handes then I
fear me you shall, and that all that goodly outward shewc
* The Master of Gray was sent into England as ambassador from
the King of Scotland.
1584.] DEATH OF THE DUKE OF ANJOU, 237
and vehement protestation of frendsliip and sound meaning
fall not out to be but a device to winne time to serve their
owne turne.
w ^ ^ ^ w
SIR ROBERT CECIL* TO SIR FRANCIS WALSINGHAM.
(Extract.)
Right honorable, although my small abode here hath bred
me so slender experience, as that I knowe myself altogether
unable to satisfie you as touching the pointe sett downe in
your letters, yet notwithstanding am I rather cut out by fol-
lowing your commandement herein to bewray my ignorance,
then not to obey him, whom I have vowed to serve during
lyfe.
And first, as touching the King of Navarre, notwithstand-
ing that his right to the crowne of Fraunce (the King failing
of issew) is suche as is generally esteemed the next of blood,
being come of the eldest brother of the howse of Bourbon,
and as it were publiquely declared to the w orld by the King
himself to be the sonne rising, by sending to him personally
after his brother's death his deare mignon Monsieur L'Es-
pernon, yet for all that the howse of Guise (sworne enemies
to him and the rest of the howse of Bourbon) especially since
the death of Monsieur, hath spread divers reports against
him and his title, hoping, by excluding him, the easelier to
gett the crowne themselves. And because they cannot
* Sir Robert Cecil, created Earl of Salisbury by James I,, in whose
reign he was Lord Treasurer, was Lord Burghley's eldest son by his
second wife.
On the death of the Duke of Anjou, the King of Navarre became
heir apparent to the throne of France, and afterwards succeeded as
the famous Henry IV. Sir Philip Sydney had been sent to Paris to
condole with Henry III. on the death of his brother the Duke of
Anjou.
238 PARTIES IN FRANCE. [sEPT.
cloake their ambitious desire with coloure of title, being
straungers, aud not anie waie of the blood of France,
they wold fain persuade the world that the Cardinall of
Bourbon, who is the King of Navarre his father's younger
brother, hath more right than he, not for anie love they
beare him, but because they hope if he were Kinge, being
old and simple, they might the sooner abuse him, and in the
end peradventure handle him as Pipin did Childerick the
third and last of the lygne of Pharamond, who became of
a King a monke.
W "7? TP •?!* TT
The nobilitie of France is generally well enough affected
to the King's title, only these excepted, which are altogether
Guisards.
Du Sang : — The Cardinall of Bourbon, hoping by him to
be advanced. The Cardinall of Vendosme, w^hom the Car-
dinall of Bourbon hath made what he listeth in shewe, though
in hart men think him better affected.
The Duke de Mercure, Governour of Britaigne ; the Duke
de Guise, Governour of Champaig-ne ; the Duke of Meyne,
Governour of Burgundy ; the Duke D'Aumale ; the Duke
D'Albeuf ; the Duke de Nevers, whereof he hath made very
small shew since Monsieur's death; the Duke Joyeuse ; the
Mareshall de Raits, though, for feare of the Queue Mother,
he dare not shewe to the Duke de Guise, but inwardly a
sworne enemy to the Protestant Princes ; the Marishall Ma-
tignon ; the Marishall D'Aumont ; the Marshall Joyeuse ; the
Cardinall of Guise ; the Cardinall Joieuse ; the Chancellour;
besides the cities of Frawnce which be of greate strength,
especially Paris and Orleans, fearing to give accompt to the
King of Navarre for their massacres committed by them, are
suspected to enclyne rather to the Cardinall of Bourbon, ex-
cept they might be assured of liberties in religion.
And as the Guisards think their faction strong at home, so are
they in hope to have divers fautors abroade, some for religion,
as the Antechrist and King of Spayne, with the Emperour to
1584.] PARTIES IN FRANCE. 289
his small power; for kindred, the Duke of Lorrayne, the
Duke of Ferrare, the Duke of Baviere, whose wife is the
Duke of Lorrayn's sister.
And for the people of Gweiii, Gascogne, and Langue-
dock, they are well affected to the King of Navarre, but the
rest of the provinces so infected with superstition, as there is
no greate hope of their loyaltie.
And as the King of Navarre hath great confidence in
some of the Catholique nobilitie, who are alwaies accustomed
to accept of their naturall Prince whatsoever, if some pe-
culiar affection have not drawne them to partialitie, so is he
not destitute of other frendes to him either for religion or
other private respects assured.
Du Sang : the Prince of Condie; the Marques of Conty, and
Conte Horsins, though he dare make no suche shevve, for fear
of the Cardinall ; the Duke of MomjDcnsier, frend to him in re-
spect of blood, and not of religion; the Duke de Bovillon; the
Duke d'Espernon; the Marshal Montmorency; Monsieur de
Meri ; Monsieur de Rohan ; Monsieur de la Vail ; Viconte
Turene. Of the King's privie counsell, though not for religion,
yet moved with the right of his cawse, and misliking to live
under the government of anie Guisards, he is not likely to
w^ant the favour of these that followe. Monsieur la Motte Fe-
nelon; Monsieur Bellieure ; Monsieur Rambouillet; Monsieur
Lenoncourt; Monsieur Maintenon ; with divers others of greate
howses, who for religion's sake will without all doubt joine
with him, as also of many of the chiefest of the Robe longue
in other cities, as well as here in Paris, where almost all the
Presidents are thought to be that waie inclyned. Neither is
he of forraine aide quite destitute, cheiflie making accompte
of her Majestie, next of the Swisses in respect of their con-
federacie with the crowne of Frawnce, beside that the cheifest
cantons are of the religion, as namely, Berne, Zurick, Basle,
and Schaphuse, together with the Grisons their confederates.
It is likewise hoped that such Princes of Germany as be not
Papists will put to their helping hand. And last of all,
•240 THE KING OF NAVARRE. [SEPT.
though the Venetians do refraine publiquely to assyst him,
for feare of the Pope and the King of Spaine, yet notwith-
standing it is thought they will be content underhand to help
him with money, if not for love for him or his cawse, yet will
thinke themselves in farre greater suretie to have a King of
Frawnce their frend unlikely to depend on the Spaniard.
But to conclude, notwithstanding what oppositions soever,
having right on his syde, no doubt God will increase the
number of his frends, and tread downe his enemies which
imagine deceit agaynst hym, if, together with David, he crye
to the Lord in his tyme of trouble.
Thus having bene bold in following your direction by your
letters, to arrive at that wherein I was truly unable to satisfie
your expectation according to my desire, I will also be bold
to entreat and beseech you to take in good part these unripe
gathered fruites of my two monthes' travell.
From Paris, this 28th of September, stilo novo, 1584.
Your Honor's humble to command,
Robert Cecill.
W. FLETEWOOD TO LORD BURGHLEY.
Dyariam.
Upon Michaelmas even, the Lord Maior, aldermen, and
commons, admitted the new Shereffs unto their offices and
swore them, at which tyme they appoynted Mr. Bland his
Sonne the Quene's skinner to be their under-shereff of Middle-
sex, who was there sworne also.
Upon Michaelmas daie, the aforesayd assemblie met again,
and did choose a new Lord Maior, who was Mr. Thomas
Pulison, alderman, at which tyme he stood up and gave the
commons great thankes, disabling himself, as the order is, and
after hym the old Lord Maior stood up and gave them his
thankes in lyke manner, &c. At after-diner the new Shereffs
received the charge of the four prison houses from the old
by indenture.
1584.] LIBEL ON THE QUEEN OF SCOTS. 241
In crastino Micltaelu, my Lord, the Aldermen, and many
of the liveries went to the Exchekker, with the new Sheriffs,
viz. Layne and Billingsley, where I did present them in the
name of the whole citie, who there were admitted by Maister
Baron Sotherton ; the court being full of officers. There
we did such services as appertayned, viz. in bringing a num-
ber of great horse-shoes and nailes, chopping-knives, and
little roddes. After this is the Maior of Oxford sworne, and
is yerelie invited to dyner with the elder Shereff, and at the
same tyme are invited all the officers to dyner.
Thursdaie, the next daie after, we kept the generall ses-
sions at Westminster Hall for Middlesex. Surelie it was
verie great ! We salt the whole daie and the next after
also, at Fynsburie. At this sessions, one Cople and one
Baldwen,* my Lord of Shrowsburie's gent, required me that
they might be suffered to indict one Walmesley of Islyngton, an
Inn-holder, for scandilation of my Lord their master. They
shewed me two papers. The first was under the clerk of
the counsel's hand of my Lord's purgation, in the which
your good Lordship's speeches are specially set downe. The
second paper w^as the examinations of divers w itnesses taken
by Mr. Harris ; the effect of all which was, that Walmesley
should tell his gests openlie at the table, that the Erie of
Shrowsbury had gotten the Scottish Queue with child, and
that he knew where the child was christened, and it was
alledged that he should further adde, that my Lord should
never go home agayne, with lyke wordes, &c. An indicte-
ment was di-awne by the clerk of the peace, the which I
thought not good to have published, or ' that the evidence
should be given openlie, and therefore I caused the jurie to
go to a chamber, where I was, and heard the evidence given,
amongst whom one Merideth Hammer, a doctor of divinitie
and vicar of Islyngton, was a witncs, who had delt as lewdlie
* Thomas Baldwin, many of whose letters to his master are given
in Lodge.
' Before, ere.
VOL. II. R
242 RIOT AT BRAINFORD. [SEl'T.
towavdes my Lord in speeches as dyd the other, viz. Wal-
meslye. This doctor regardeth not an oathe. Surehe he is a
verie bad man ; but in the end the inditeraent was indorsed
B'dla vera.
At this sessions, one Hawtrie Smith, two oj^ the Halls, and
one mo, committed in their rage of drinke, at Brainford, a
verie great riott, using most lewd wordes and threatening to
Mr. Halley, being a justice, and because your Lordship had
latelie writt that we should not deale with the Queue's men,
I did therefore stale the complaynt, and caused the Brain-
ford men and also Mr. Halley to put tlieir dolianses in
writing, and to sett Mr. Halley his hand to the same, the
which I have sent unto Mr. Vizchamberlayn, because the
offenders are of the gard.
At this sessions fell out a contention. The matter was
this : Mr. Levetenant come to my howse over night, and de-
sired me that he might give the charge at the sessions the
next mornyng. I agreed, and gave hym gTeat thankes, and
immediately after came in Justice Smithe, and he re-
quired the lyke, and I with the lyke thankes yielded.
These two gents went merilie home, the one not knowing
of the other's intention. Both of them forsook their sup-
pers, betook themselfs to their studies, and spent neere hand
the whole night in traveling of the charge. The next
day the levetenant made offer to give it. " Stay," saith
Mr. Smithe, " for I am provided." " And so am I," said the
levetenant. I was with Mr. Levetenant, and all the rest with
Mr< Smith, and therefore he gave the charge. At dyner, Mr.
Levetenant wold ncdes have Mr. Smithe to sitt uppermost at
the table's end, because he gave the charge, and to end that
strife T caused Mr. Deane to take that place, as the fittest
person for it. And thus your Lordship may see that in all our
troublesome busines we make ourselfs as merie as we may.
Upon Saterday, at Bridwell we had a minister's wife of
Cardicanshire. She confessed that she was greatlie sought
unto by yonge women, maide servaunts she meant, when
1584.] OPENING OF PARLIAMENT. 243
they were gotten with childe. She confessed that she gave
them saven, &c. One Higham, an old fellow, who is bothe
excommunicate for putting away his wife, and also for such
other lyke parts, he hath this yere gotten thre of his lawndres'
maides with child in the Flete, being there a prisoner. He
stowteth out the matter with us, and will not iynd the children,
but writeth lewd letters unto us, &c.
Upon Monday, at the sessions of gaole delivery, we had
two hundred there at the least.. Most of them were pilferers.
We had no matters of any importance, saving that one of
Mr. Docwraye's sonnes, of Chamber-howse, in Barkshire,
was arrained for stealing of a portmanteo, with 84/. in the
same, taken out of an inne in Bardey, but he was acquitted
therof.
There are three notable thiefs reprieved, one called Grene,
the second Salisburie, the third is one Dudley. The two first
are noted to be of the companie of them that robbed Mr.
Cofferer, and for that cause they are to be staid to be further
examined by warrant from my Lord Chamberlain. Our gaol 3
deliverie continued three daies.
W. FLETEWOOD TO LORD BURGHLEY.
(Djarium a 22 Nov. usque ad 29.)
23. First, there appeared in the parliament-house the
knights and burgeses, owt of all order, in troops, standing
upon the floore making strange noises ; there being not past
seven or eight of the old Parliaments. After this we were
all called into the Whitehall, and there called by name before
my Lord Steward and the rest of the counsell. And after that
we were sworne, whereby we lost the oration made by my
Lord Chancellor ; and after that Mr. Treasorer moved the
howse to make an election of a Speaker, whereupon he hym-
self named my brother Puckeringe, who sate nexte me, and
there was not one word spoken. And then I said to my com-
R 2
•244 PROCEEDINGS AT THE OPENING OF PARLIAMEN'l'. [noV.
panions about me, " Crie, Puckering !" and then they and I
begynning-, the rest dyd the same. And then Mr. Speaker
made his excuse, standing still in his place, and that done,
Mr. Treasorer and Mr. Controller, being by me called upon,
sitting neere, they rose and sett hym to hys place, where
indeed they should have sett hym eyther before his speeche,
or els at the begynning, and his speeche should have been
before the cheare.
And that done, we all departed untill Thursday, that the
Speaker was presented. And after his allowances and re-
turne into the court, a bill was read for order sake, touching
the due observation of the Sondaies, &c.
The next daye, being Fridaie, the said bill was once
agayne read, and committed. The committees amounted in
number to sixtie at the least, all yonge gent. And at our
meeting in the afternoone, twenti at ones did speake, and
there we sate talking, and dyd nothyng untill night, so
that Mr. Chancellor was wearie, and then we departed home.
Upon Satterdaye there were two other bills read, which
were devised by my Lord ChiefF Baron, one for trialls, another
for demurrers, and a third as touching recusaunts. After this,
Mr. Chancellor used a speeche for the space of one houre
and more. Mr. Chancellor's speeche tended to a generalitie,
concluding upon the safetie of her Majestic. Mr. Vizcha.
followed, and his speeche was above two houres : his speeche
tended to particularities, and speciall actions, and concluded
upon the Queue's Highnes' savetie. Before this tyme I
never heard in Parliament the lyke matters uttered, and espe-
cially the thinges contayned in the latter speeche. They
were unagnalia regni. After this done, committees for this
cause were appointed.
But for what chaunced, a lewd fellowe called Robenson,
free of the skynners, and borne in Stawnforth, satt in the
Parliament House all the whole daie, and heard what was
said. He was searched, and nothing found abowt hym.
Mr. Wylcks, Mr. Topclyff", Mr. Beale, and I, were sent to
1584.] THIEVES AND CUT-PURSES. 245
searche his lodging, but we found nothing. He is in the
Serjeant's custodie. We have made as yet no report.
This morning I have examined Coffen of the gard, and he
hath made confession, the which I do leave with Mr.
Cofierer.
(Nov. 29, 1584.)
W. FLETEWOOD TO LORD BURGHLEY.
Right Honorable and my verie good Lord, uppon Thurs-
daye laste, being the cradinmn of Trinitie Terme, we kept a
sessions of inquirie in London in the forenoone, and in the
afternoone we kept the lyke at Fynsburie for Middlesex, in
which two severall sessionses all such as were to be ar-
raigned for felonie at the gaole delyvery were indycted.
Uppon Fryday laste, we sate at the Justyce Hall at New-
gate, from seven in the morninge untyll seven at night,
where were condempned certain hors-stealers, cutpurses, and
such lyke, to the number of ten, wherof nine were executed,
and the tenthe stayed by a meanes from the courte. These
were executed on Saturdaye in the morning. There was a
shoemaker also condempned for wyllfull murder commytted in
the Blackefryars, who was executed uppon the Mondaie in
the morning.
The same daie my Lord Maior being absente abowte
the goods of the Spanyards, and also all my Lords the jus-
tices of the benches being also awaye, we fewe that were
there did spend the same daie abowte the searching owt of
sundry that were receptors of felons, where we found a greate
many as well in London, Westminster, Sowthwarke, as in
all other places abowte the same. Amongst our travells
this one matter tumbled owt by the way, that one Wotton, a
gentilman borne, and sometyme a marchaunt man of good
credyt, who falling by tyme into decay, kepte an alehowse
246 A SCHOOL FOR CUT-PURSES. [jULY,
at Smart's Keye, neere Byllingsgate, and after for some mys-
dcmeanor being put downe, he reared up a new trade of lyfe,
and in the same howse he procured all the cuttpurses abowte
this cittie to rep aire to his same howse. There was a schole-
howse sett up to learne young boyes to cutt purses. There
were hung up two devyses, the one was a pocket, the other
was a purse. The pocket had in it certain cownters, and
was hung abowt with hawkes' bells, and over the top did
hang a little sacring bell ; and he that could take out a
cownter without any noyse was allowed to be a publique
foyster, and he that could take a piece of sylver out of the
purse, without the noyse of any of the bells, he was adjudged
a judiciall nypper. Nota, that a foyster is a pickpokett, and
a nypper is termed a pickpurse, or a cutpurse. And as con-
cerning this matter, I will sett downe no more in this place,
but refer your Lordship to the paper herein enclosed.
Saturdaie and Sondaie being past, uppon Mondaie my
Lord Maior, my Lord Buckhurste, the Master of the Rolles,
my Lord Anderson, Mr. Sackford, Master of the Requestes,
Sir Rowland Hayward, myselfe, Mr. Owen, and Mr. Yonge,
with the assistance of Mr. Attorney and Mr. Solicitor, did
arraigne one Awfeild, Webley, and Crabbe, for spersing
abroad certain lewd, seditious, and traytorous bookes.
Awfeild did most trayterously mayntayne the booke, with
long, tedious, and frivolous wordes and speeches. Webley
did affirme as much as Awfeild had uttered. They are both
executed, through God's goodnes, and your Lordship's good
helpe, as Mr. Younge told me. There came a letter to re-
prieve Awfeild, it was not well dygested of as many as knew
of it, but after all was well taken. When he was executed,
his body was broug'ht into St. Pulcheres to be buryed, but
the parishioners would not suffer a traytor's corpes to be
layd in the earthe where their parents, wyfes, chyldren,
kynred, maisters, and old neighbors did rest ; and so his
carcase was returned to the buryall grounde neere Tyborne,
and there I leave it. Crabbe surely did renownce the Pope,
1585.] ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE. 247
and my Lords and the rest of the benche moved Mr. At-
torney and Mr. Solicitor to be a meane to her Majestie for
him, and for that cause he was stayed.
Trewely, my Lord, it is nothing needefull to wryte for the
staye of any to be reprieved, for there is not any in our com-
mission of London and Middlesex, but we are desirous to
save or stay any poor wretche, if by color of any lawe or
reason we maye do it. My singular good Lord, my Lord
William of Winchester was wonte to say, " When the courte
is furthest from London, then is there the best justice done
in all England." I once heard as great a personage in office
and authority, as ever he was, and yet living, say the same
wordes. It is growen for a trade nowe in the courte to
make meanes for reprieves ; twentie pounds for a reprieve is
nothing, although it be but for bare ten daies. I see it will
not be holpen, unles one honoured gentilman, who many
tymes is abused by wrong information, (and surelie, uppon
my sowle, not uppon any e\ ill meaning,) do staye his penne.
I have not one letter for the stay of a theife from your Lord-
ship.
Fearing that I trouble your Lordship with my tedious
letters, I end. This 7th of Julie, 1585.
Your good Lordship's moste humbly bownden,
W. Fletewoode.
At the ending of this letter I received another, the which
I will aunswer owt of hand.
Upon Tewsdaie I sat in jugement in the hustings, where
Mr. Cure and his corporate bretherne, the Sadlers, recovered
40/. land in a writ of right Von le mise jint joyne stir le mere
droit against one Beale.
LTpon Weddenday we sat in Southwark about the Seweres,
where my cosen Holcroft accused, and de repetundis, &c.
•248 A ROBBERY. [.JULY,
ARCHANA.
There was one that is called Mr. Abarrowe, that was at
the taking of the Erie of Arundell, and had gotten into his
hands of his neare abowtSOO/. in gold. He was commanded
to bring the same to the Lordes of the Starre Chamber. His
man carried it after hym even to the Starre Chamber doore,
and sodenly his man started away, and took a boate, past
into Sowthwarke, devided the money, and there by my war-
rant was taken, and in effect all the money was had agayne.
Mr. Abarrow, his master, was the loathest man in England
to have his man touched for this offence. I caused him to
be indicted and arraigned. My Lord Anderson took it to be
no felony, because his master delyvered him the money. I
sayd it was felony by the common lawe, because the custodie
and bearing of the money in his master's presence was ad-
judged to be as if it had bene in his master's own custodie ;
as if my butler, my horse-keeper, my sheperd, or the yoman
of my warderobe do steale and imbessell anything in his
charge, this is felony, and even so is it of my purse-bearer.
And if it were not felony by the common lawe, then was it
by the statute, if the sum were above 40-9. But I, fearing the
matter might be called before my Lords, being a thing so
notoriously knowen, I caused the jurie to find the speciall
matter, and so it resteth. I do leame sithens, that the fel-
low had bene in tymes past servant to Mr. Smith the clerk
of the pype, &c.
Tlie Names of a number of Maisterles-men and Cut-purses,
whose practice is to rohhe Gentehnen^ s chambers and Arti-
ficers' shoppes in and about London.
Imprimis, John Blewate, a lockesmith, Thomas Byrche,
William Jackson, George Jones, Thomas Croe, a barber,
Thomas Hychins, alias Mekins, John Middelton, John
Cooke, Staring Robyn, William Sayger, Richard Doe,
Nele, John Baker, William Holden, Thomas Moore, John
1585.] HARBOURING-HOUSES FOR ROGUES. 249
Moorcrofte, Turfelt, George Sayterre, William
Spooner, John Powlter, John Watts, Roger Raynsford, alias
Radford, Trustonne, William Coole, John-
son, Henrie Howell, William Etheridge, John Leryman,
Welche Dycke, John Syson, Richard Syson, John Berry,
alias Blythe, Robert Leveret, William Crosse, Nicholas
Skeeres, Barbor, Symond Askew, William Sherman,
Thomas Howse, Frauncis Holloway, William Hardinge,
Wilfrid Hallowes, Nicholas Jones, alias Waker, Thomas
Huse. 45.
Harboring -howse fs for Maisferles-jnen, and for such as lyve
by thefte and other such like shifts, viz.*
LONDON.
Richard Waterwarde, at the Fawcon in Grace-streete ; Woot-
* This, and other of Fletewood's letters, afford us a curious picture
of London in the sixteenth century. To his account of the lurking
houses of masterless-men and rogues, we may join the following list
of houses which served for harbour to recusants and papists, and
others disaffected to this government. {MS. Harl. 360, 20.) —
Advertisements given to Alderman Martin, towching howses suspected.
Sir, As it is the dutie of all good subjects to give advertisement of
all suche matters as may tend to the furtherance of her Majestie's ser-
vice, so I, being moved in conscience, have thought good to set downe
and deliver to your worship a note of suche places as in my judgment
are very suspicious for the harbouring of papistes, whereby I doubt
lest they should at this present harbour any of those that have pre-
tended evill to her Majestic
These be the places :
First, One great howse in or adjoyning to the Blackfreres, wherein
Mr. Blackwell, thetowne clerke, sometyme dwelt. Nowe there dwel-
leth in it one that is a very incomformable man to her Majestie's pro-
ceedings. It hath sundry back-dores and bye-wayes, and many secret
vaults and corners. It hath bene in tyme past suspected, and searched
for papists but no good done for want of good knowledge of the back-
dores and bye-wayes, and of the dark corners, I thynke it were better
a convenient serche of it were made in the morning, or day tyme, then
in the night, because of the dark corners, leaving the consideration
thereof to your Worship's better discretion.
250 HARBOURING-HOUSES FOR ROGUES, [jULY,
ton's hovvse, at Smart's Keye ; the Gooune,^ at Byllyngate ;
the Crowne, at Byshopsgate ; Maydenheade, by the Tower
Dytche; the Harrowe, at Bedlem ; the Rose, at Flete-brydge.
WESTMINSTER.
The Styll, in the Sayntuarie; the Beare and Ragged Stafe,
at Charing Crosse ; the Redd Legge, in the Pallace ; the White
Horse, in Tuttell Streate ; the White Lyon, in the Sayntuarie ;
one Auncient, by the Abbey of Westminster.
MIDDLESEX.
Baker's howse, in Turnmyll Streate ; the Blacke Lyon, in
Shorditche ; Muggieston's howse, in the Whitechaple.
Secondly, There is a house by my garden, within the manner of Paris
Garden, wherein one Tarlton dwelleth, a place of great suspicion, and
about three years since, when the plague was in the Marshalsea, the
papiste prisoners there gott libertie of the keeper of the prison, and
lodged in this house, having suspicious resort unto them ; and continu-
ally from that time hitherto, by being often at my garden there, I have
seen suche resort thither as hath bene very suspicious. It hathe fore-
dores one waye, and back-dores another waie towarde St. George's
fields, and having bene sundry tymes serched, for want of due know-
ledge of the back-dores, no good hathe bene done ; for the fore-dores are
no sooner knocked at, but any within may passe out at the back-dores.
AVhereof it may please your Worshippe to have due consideration.
Thyrdely, there be two houses, joyning uppon Tuthill fields, by
Westminster, with fore dores one waie and back dores another waye,
wherein papistes have bene usually lodged,being very suspicious houses
by meanes of the situation of the places, having passages forward and
backward, whereof it may please you to consider.
There is one Bosgrave, a suspicious person lyving, of the papists,
having no dwelling house, but dailie seene in Panic's, and very familiar
amongst the crew of papistes, whose brother was condemned with
Campion, and yet sent over agayne. I take him for a very dangerous
person, so as if your Worship think good, I take him to be a meete
man to be examined in any matter touching papists, that may be for
her Majestie's service.
Richard Fkith.
' Gun.
1585.] LONDON SLANG. 251
SURREY.
Pressinge Yron, in Sowthvvarke ; the Rose, at Newington
Butts.
Me7norandmn. — That in Wootton's howse, at Smart's Keye^
are wrytten in a table divers poyses, and amongst the rest
one is thus :
Si spie, sporte ; si non spie, tunc steale.
Another is thus :
Si spie, si non spie, foyste, nyppe, lyfte, shave, and spare not.
Note, that foyste is to cutt a pockett, nyppe is to cut a
purse, lyfte is to robbe a shoppe, or a gentilman's chamber,
fiJtave is to fylche a cloake, a sword, or a sylver spoone, or
such lyke, that is negligentlie looked unto. Note, that myl-
kyri ken is to comytt a robberie or burghlarie, in the night,
in a dwelling howse, etc.*
* The number of tracts on the manners and practices of the rogues
arid vagabonds of the time, who formed apecuharly distinct class, pub-
lished during the reign of Elizabeth, and those of her immediate suc-
cessors, is truly surprising, and they appear under the most grotesque
titles. According to these books, the rogues in London, which was
their head-quarters, formed a regular society, the numbers ot which
were divided into numerous grades, according to their different occu-
pations as thieves, pickpockets, beggars, &c. In the British Museum
are preserved several of these tracts, bound up into a volume together.
in them we find many specimens of the slang of the day, resembling
what is here given by Recorder Fletewood. Thus we have to nip a
hung and to nip a jan, identical phrases signifying to cut a purse. So to
foyst is to pick a pocket, and a lift occurs in the sense of a house or
a shop breaker. The words of the strange jargon are much less arbi-
trary than we might be led to suppose, and are many of them very
old. To lift, and a lift, are the Gothic and Anglo-Saxon hlifan, to
steal, Gothic hliftus, a thief, (the Greek KX^irreiv and /cAeTrTT?^,) and are
still preserved in the term shop-lifter. In one of the lists of slang
words in the tracts just mentioned, we have pad, a way, and padder, a
highwayman, a purse taker on the high road; up to a very late period
highwayman were called pads, and in Yorkshire, they call a certain
hobgoblin, which is believed to haunt the highways, a pad-foote. Ken
is still a slang word for a house.
252 AFFAIRS OF SCOTLAND. [AUG.
MR. WOTTON TO SIR FRANCIS WALSINGHAM.
The last of July the States of Scotland assembled m St.
Andrews, to whom the King opened the matter of the
league,* to which, by a public instrument, they subscribed,
which the Secretary f shewed him after.
They expect here, at Mr. Myll's returne, some good reso-
lution from her Majestic, concerning as well the matter he
had in charge, as what she will have done with 19, (Arran)J
who is and shall still remayn prisoner here, untill her Ma-
jestie's further direction- But to send him prisoner to Eng-
land, this King is unwilling for many reasons, but willing that
he make his purgation to the Queue, which offer he advise th
to be accepted.
1st August, the Bishop of St. Andrewe's preached before the
King, commended much the intended league, signified a fast
to be kept two dayes publick, in respect of the pestilence then
generally raging, and the dangers wherof the island is in by
the devilysh practises of Seaton and his instruments abrode.
Though the proviso in the end of the publick instrument
seemeth to intend the league defensive and offensive uppon
the poynt of religion only, yet it is meant by the King and
his counsell to reach against all invaders of either prince's
dominions, according to the articles sent out of England,
uppon what ground soever the quarrel be. It was so dout-
fully framed, the easier to induce the States then assembled
* The league with England. t Maitland.
+ The Earl of Arran, so famous, or rather so infamous, by his cor-
ruption, debauchery, and tyranny, was James Stuart, second son of
Lord Ochiltree. He was a great favourite with the King, and had
chiefly brought about the fall and execution of Morton. He was sus-
pected and accused of having incited the borders to the fray in'which,
this year. Sir Francis Russell, son and heir of the Earl of Bedford, was
slain, and the Earl received a wound which caused his death the next
day, and on this account to appease Elizabeth, he was committed to
prison.
1585.] ILL STATE OF SCOTLAND. 253
to grant a power to the King and such commissioners as he
should appoint to conclude a league. He hath stayed any
further proposing the article about granting the King a
Duchy in England. But they all think it most reason
that her Majestic promisse not to do any thing to the preju-
dice of the King's title, and the rather because the Master of
Grays affirmith, that at his being in England the Queue pro-
tested as much to him. At the closing up of this letter, 39
came unto him, and affirmed the King much perplexed be-
tween the love he beareth 19 (Arran) and the promise to
the Queue to detayn him still prisoner.
Aug. 2, 1585.
SIR FRANCIS WALSINGHAM TO LORD BURGHLEY.
Your Lordship by the inclosed shall perceyve howe head-
long things run in Scotelande, and therefore howe necessarie
it were that an embassaye with countenance should be
presently sent into that realme, as also well furnyshed with
meanes to stoppe the intended course, wherin there is already
such an entry made as I see just cause to think that by my
employment alone wyll not be repayred.
For if T cannot be there at the tyme desyred, being the
15th of this present, it were to good purpose that her Ma-
jestic dyd wryte a letter out of hande unto that King, and to
acquaynt hym with her intent of sending of me ; and in the
meantyme to require him, as he tendereth her contynuance
of frendship, to staye all further proceeding in his intended
alterations. This courage in the King sithence Fentrye's
arrivall groweth not without good assurance of backing, and
wyll not be helped without a rounder and more resolute
kynde of dealing, then hitherto hath bene taken for the con-
servation of the amity of that realme. It shall be necessary
also to give severall present dyrections unto Mr. Bowes, for
the advyce that is demaunded by Marre and his associates,
254 Elizabeth's letter to the king of scots. [aug.
touching that act done at Ruthen. And so leaving further
to trouble your Lordship, I most humble take my leave. At
Barne Elmes, the 6th of this present August, 1583.
Your Lordship's to commaund,
Fra. Walsingham.
For that Mr. Sommers fyndeth himself unapt for the ser-
vice, (for the reasons contayned in his letter,) I thinke no
other wyll be found more apt for the place then this bearer,
my brother Beale, if her Majestic shall allow thereof.
QUEEN ELIZABETH TO THE KING OF SCOTS.
Among your many studies, my dear brother and cousin,
I would Isocrates' noble lesson were not forgotten, that wills
the Emperor, his sovreigne, to make his words of more ac-
count than other men do their oathes, as meetest ensigns to
shewe the truest badge of a prince's arms. It moveth me
much to move you, when I behold how diversly sundry
wicked spirits distract your minde, and bend your coiurse to
wicked pathes, and like all evil illusions, wrapped under the
cloak of your best safetie, endanger your state and best good.
How may it be, that you can suppose an honorable aunswer
may be made me, when all your doings gainsay your former
vows ? You deal not with one whose experience can take
drosse for good payment, or one that easily will be beguiled ;
no, no, I mind to set to school your craftiest counsellors. I
am sorry to see you bent to wrong yourself, in thynking to
wrong others ; yea, those which, if they had not even then
taken opportunity to let a ruin, that was newly begun, that
plot would have perilled you more than a thousand of such
men's lives be worth, that persuade you to avouch such
deedes, to desere a faultless pardon. Why do you forget
what you wrote to myself, with your own hand, shewing how
dangerous a course the Duke was entered in, though you ex-
1583.] SIR AMIAS POULET. 255
cused himself to think no harm therein? And yet they that
with your safetie preserved you from it, you must now seem
to give them reproach of guilty folk. I hope you more es-
teem your honor than to give it such a staine, since you have
protested so often to have taken these Lords for your most
affectionate subjects, and to have done all for your best.*
To conclude, I beseech you passe no further in this cause till
you receive an expresse messenger, a trusty servant of mine,
from me, by whom I mean to deal like an affectionate sister
with you, as of whom you shall see plainly you may receive
honor and contentment, with more siu'ety to yourself and
state, than all these dissembling counsellors will or can bring
you ; as knoweth the Lord, to whose most safe keeping I do
commyt you, with my many commendations to your person.
Your most assured and faithfullest sister and cousin,
E. R.
(Aug. 1583.)t
SIR AMIAS POULET t TO LORD BURGHLEY.
My very good Lord, I am growen so thrifty, that to save a
little paper, I do not sticke, insteade of a just letter, to trouble
* " He imprisoned certain Lords, that preserved his life from peril,
and bereaved some of them of their lives, being his most affectionate
subjects ; therefore she desireth him to pass no further in that cause,
till she sent a messenger unto him with an embassy. This trusty
messenger was Mr. Secretary Walsingham." — Marginal note in the
Original MS^
t The letter appears to be the one recommended by Walsingham in
the preceding. These two letters^ as the date will show, have been
misplaced by an oversight.
X Sir Amias Poulet, or Paulet, was born at Hinton St. George, in
Somersetshire, and was grandson of the Sir Amias Poulet, who put
Cardinal Wolsey, then but a schoolmaster, in the stocks. Sir Amias
was a man of great credit for his honesty and faithfulness, and was
entrusted in the present year, after the Earl of Shrewsbury had re-
signed the charge, with the custody of Mary Queen of Scots. At a
later period, when on an embassy in France, and a chain of gold been
256 MAllV QUEEN OF SCOTS. [aUG.
your Lordship with a copy of my letters to Mr. Secretary, as
foloweth :
Sir, I have receaved your letters of the third of this pre-
sent, and am right hartely sorry for the losse of that good
Earle, and his sonne,* partly for the particular interest I had
in them both, but especially in respect of our Queue and
countrey, who, in these dayes of treachery and treason
against 'God and his anointed, cannot be deprived of the
faithfuU service of two such personages, without singular
damage
Whereas you write this Quenet hath desired, that for the
cleansing and sweetening of this house, she might remove to
some other place for some short tyme, it is most certain that
there is no house in these partes either sufficient or commo-
dious for her and her trayne, or assured for the governour.
The Lord Paget hath only two houses in this countrye, the
one at Bmton, distant from this castle three myles, a ruinous
howse, the buildings scattered and adjoyning to a very poore
town, full of badd neighbours, the other at Baudesert, distant
seven myles, a howse of no strength, the buildings not
finyshed ; and both these houses naked, and utterly unfur-
nished of all things belonging to household, so as the furni-
ture of this remove must come altogether from this castle,
which will be a matter of excessive charge and trouble, and
almost impossible to be performed, this charge being such
as the companye may not be divided one daye and night
without perill. If she should be removed for some short
tyme, it is of necessyty, in my simple opinion, that it must
be to some house furnished already, of which sort I knowe
of no other then Mr. Candishe's house,]: which being insuffi-
presented to him by the French king, he is said to have received it
with reluctance, declaring that " he would wear no chains but his
Mistress's."
* The Earl of Bedford, and his son Francis, slain by the Scotch
borderers.
t Mary Queen of Scots. + Cavendish.
1585.] CHATSWORTH IN 1585. 257
ciently furnished to receave this company, considering the
newness of this castle, the defects might be supplied from
hence. But to say nothing of the weaknes of the house, it is
not capable of the Scottishe trayne alone, and yet they must
lodge divided in many pieces. Mr. Candishe hath builded
a little dyning-chamber, and a chamber or two adjoyning;
all the residue of the house is old and ruinous, the kitchen,
and other houses of office being far lesse then sufficient to
serve both those housholds. One thinge I may add, that
this countrey is so ill affected, (a thinge not unknowen unto
you,) as I thinke no man of judgement would willingly take
the charge of this Queue in any house in this sheere out of
this castle.
No doubt this Queue was in some hope to be removed to
Mr. Candishe's house, as I have heretofore written unto you,
which was the cause and ground of this motion. But find-
ing in conference with me, sythens the dispatch of her last
packet, that the house was not any way fit for her use, and
promising to provide carpenters, and other artificers, to re-
payre her lodgings in such sort as should be devised by her
ministers, Nau being present sayd, that I could say no
more, so as, urging the matter of their remove no further, it
seemed to me they were satisfied. Notwithstanding, follow-
ing your directions, and to the end this Queue might knowe
her Majestie's favour towards her, 1 have given her to under-
stand that her Highnes is well pleased that she be removed,
so as any fit house might be found ; and hereupon I told her
I knowe only three vacant houses in these parts, viz. Mr.
Candishe's house, and the Lord Pagett's two houses at Bur-
ton and Beaudesert, and have delivered unto her my opinion
touching the sayd houses, which is, that Mr. Candishe's
house is less then sufficient to receave her owne trayne;
that the house at Burton standeth so neare the river as it will
not stand with her health to remove thither ; that it is so
ruinous as it will not be repayred in short tyme ; that it is
unfurnished of all implements belonging to household ; and
VOL. II. s
258 MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS. [aUG.
is also too little to receave this great company. That the
house at Beaudesert is not yet finished, and so unfurnished
as it hath not so much as one stoole or bedstead in it, and
that considering the far distance from hence, there is no
possibility to remove all the stufFe of this house thither in
convenient tyme. I have added to these foresayd reasons,
that the weather hath bene suche of long tyme, as there is
litle signe of summer, and that w^hen all diligence shal be
used, before this remove shall be performed, and that beere,
wyne, wood, coals, and such necessaryes shall be provided,
winter will be in its full strength. I sayd that Mr. Can-
dishe's house was already well knowen to her principall
ministers, who could judge if I sayd trewely or no, and the
house at Burton might be sene by any of her servants, when
she would. She replyed very little, only that the Earle of
Shrewsburye removed his stufFe from one house to another ;
and that if the house were too little, some of her companye
might be lodged in the towne. I aunswered, that the Earle
perchaunce removed some of his best stufFe, but was not
troubled with his kitchen stufFe, bedstedes, table-boards, and
such like ; and that it was very inconvenient that her trayne
should be lodged farr from her. I prayed her to consider of
it, which she sayd she would do ; so as I thinke I shall heare
little more of this matter. If any newe motion shal be made
herin by the Frenche ambassador, it may please you to
take no knowledge of that which hath passed betwene this
Queue and me, untill I shall receave her resolution.
I have receaved the three packets for this Quene, and have
perused them with her good liking, because having passed
over the first packett, I sent it immediately unto her, and so
one after the other, untill all be delivered, which pleaseth her
greatly. The French ambassador, in his letters to this
Quene, channgeth not his stile touching Archibald Douglas,
saving that he adviseth her, considering his departure, to ap-
point the sayd Archibald to followe her causes about that
court. All other things mentioned in the sayd packetts, and
1585.] INCONSTANT BEHAVIOUR OF KING JAMES. 259
seeming worthy to be observed, are contayned in this paper
inclosed. It may be, and it is very likely, that I advertise
many needeles things, wherin I crave pardon, because I do
not knovi^e vrhat you knowe already, but of this I am sure, I
have omitted nothing that may conceme the Queue or coun-
trey, and have used such expedition therin, as I am deceaved
if this Queue thinks anything lesse then that I have taken
any extracts of her letters. It is likely that her Majestic vrill
conferr v^^ith my Lord Treasurer touching this remove, and
therefore I have thought good to advertise his Lordship of all
my proceedings herin with this Queue, and of my simple
opinion of the vacant houses in these parts. And thus I
committ you to the Almighty, who prosper all your actions to
his glory, etc.
And thus I leave to trouble your Lordship any further,
resting alwayes at your commandement, and so do committ
your good Lordship to the mercy of the highest. From
Tutburye, the 8th of August, 1585.
Your Lordship's to commaund,
A. POULET.
A. TO G.*
Since the directing of my last unto you of the date of the
seventeenth of Auguste, I have been divers times at courte,
and have assayed by such small credit as I have, to qualify
some of these hard apprehensions conceaved of our sove-
raigne's procedings. I perceave my travell cannot prevayle ;
neither see I how this matter can be well helped, unles some
matter in actions may be performed, wherby this inconstant
dealing (so termed by those of the councell) may be re-
moved. Her Majestic doth utter speeches, that she would
never have believed that the King or any of his wise councell
would have so far overseen themselves as to write one day
* "A letter written in white ink, from A. to G. the 21st of August,
1585."
s2
2()0 ELIZABETH ACCEPTS THE NETHERLANDS. [aUG.
to her such and such matters should be performed, and on
the next day thereafter, not abiding her answer, would then
overthrowe the same, so manifest a mockery, that no gen-
tleman of reputation would have used the like to his inferiour
or servant ; and as her Majestic and counsailours are grieved
at the manner of proceedings, so is there a number of gen-
tlemen, frendes to the trespassed, wovmded in minde for the
slaughter of the gentelman of so greate expectation, where-
uppon there is occasion taken by unfrendes to aggravate
this matter in such manner, that hardly can any man or
assured trend be found who will help this matter. I feare it
shal be so unpleasant to her Majestic, that I will not pre-
sume to open any parte of it. These banished Lordes are
like not onely to finde the assistance and favour of all per-
sons grieved, but also to procure greater liberty, which unto
this time had beene straight by th'only means of Sir Francis
Walsingham ; the remanent counsaylors for the most parte
being absent from courte.
My Lord of Leicester is not yet returned, but by letters
which I have scene from his Lordship, he heavily lamented the
manner of these procedings, specially because of the good
appearaunce that might have ensued, if matters had beene
right followed out.
As I writ unto you before that Andwerp was rendered, so
it is now confirmed. The forme of the appointment shall be
sent unto you by the next.
[ Her Majestic had receaved the countrey of Holland and
j Zeland, given unto her by the estates therof, and hath sent
I 9000 men for receaving possession of such townes as should
I be delivered into her keeping. These two provinces being
\ the places in Christianity most abundant in shippes, being
joyned to those in this countrey, are thought able not only to
defend themselves against all enemies that would invade
them of both, but also to stopp any other nation but such as
they please to approve in any parte of this island or her
Majestie's dominions. Thereuppon they have founded the
1585.] STATE OF FRANCE. 261
first surety of this estate, and are not mucli like to seeke the
ayde of any forein prince for establishing of their surety. I
pray God her Majestie be moved to devise some good meanes,
wherby her Majestie may remayne contented of his proceed-
inges, and his Highnes recover the favour which he had uni-
versally obtayned of this flourishing nation, abounding in
wealth and riches.
From France it is given out that the King altogether mis-
likes of these Guisards, and that there doth appeare a peace to
followe betwixt the King and protestantes, wherby the former
edict shall be ratified, and the last abolished. Poverty, and
lack of money to sustayne these warres, is likely to produce
their efFectes, and that shortly. As matters falleth out, you
shall have further advertisement.
* I began your letter with no small regard, because I feared
some course to be in hand at this time, which of before I
caused Thomas Milles under secret to open unto you, I most
hartely pray you to be wise and with yourself to consider
therof The opening of it may do great harme, and keping
secrett with knowledge no small good. The remedy in these
matters for your particular, appears to be this : to excuse
yourself by writ, and to move the King to deale by actions
hereafter, and if you can be the doer yourself, you will re-
cover reputations to both. Before this can come to your
handes, the ambassador will let you to understand what is
reported of you, and committ to his eares, and he will desire
to knowe the verity therof of yourself But I think he will
not let you understand who is the reporter, because I could
not obtayn so far commaund to be given unto him. But thus
farr I cannot hide from you. The men that you suspect are
the doers, which I pray you most hartely to keepe secrett,
because the opening thereof wil be my utter discredite, and
hurtfull to yourself The sound of the report is this, you are
the chief furtherer of Arrene's liberty, have receaved good deed
* "* In white ink of the same day, and to the same person from A."
262 BEHAVIOUR OF SCOTLAND. [oCT.
for doing thereof, is entered in dealing with the Jesuits, and
dissimulation in the courses with England. The matter was
very hardly taken here, and specially by her Majestic, and
heavily lamented by your friends, and truly matters are
entered into so hard apprehensions, that I feare this incon-
stant kind of dealing, imprisoning one day and relapsing at
another, without her advise, shall give occasions of speech
and thinking at all times hereafter that nothing shall be be-
lieved of that which shall come from that country, except it
shall consist in action. And to speak the truth, it was not
well done to sett Arren at liberty before returning of her Ma-
jestie's ambassador, by reason all men condemnes the King
in that matter, either of inconsistency, or then that it was
done for wresting with her Majestic, which is very evill
taken, as will appear by her Majestie's letters to the King.
I have travelled divers times that her Majesty might have
used some mitigation, but I perceave my labours will not
prevayle unles his Majestic make some amendment by action,
so far as concemeth these banished Lordes. I perceave the
whole frendes of Sir Thomas Russell not only minded to give
their countenance and assistance, but her Majestic is also be-
ginning to give eareto their petitions, and cause questions of
their force at home to be demaunded. It will be dangerous
to suffer that course to go forwards, by reason it can not be
called back when men would. In my opinion, it should be
well done to lay the perill open to his Majestie, and to lett
him understand nothing can help that matter and bring him
in credite and favour here, as he was before, except doing
by action, and no action can be able to helpe, but the reliev-
ing of the banished Lords, or then the delivery of Arren
and Ferniherst, to be used at their pleasure, or then the
performing of both. I thinke reason should move his Ma-
jesty to amend these matters, before they come to further
ripeness, otherwise where men would do good, matters will
be unremedible, as 1 writt to you before : that writt was
lost.
1585.1 DAVIS THE NAVIGATOR. 263
JOHN DAVIS* TO SIR FRANCIS WALSINGHAM.
Right Honorable, most dutifully craving pardon for this
my rash boldness, I am hereby according to my duty to
signify unto your Honor, that the north-west passage is a
matter nothing doubtfull, but at any tyme almost to be
passed, the sea navigable, voyd of yse, the ayre tollerable,
and the waters very depe.f I have also found an isle of
very great quantytie, not in any globe or map descrybed,
yielding a sufficient trade of furs and leather. And although
this passage hath bene supposed very impossible, yet,
through God's mercy, I am in experience an eye wytnes to
the contrary, yea, in the most desperate clymates, which, by
God's help, I will very shortely most at large reveale unto
your Honor, as sone as I can possibly take order for my
maryners and shipping.
Thus, depending upon your Honor's good favour, I most
humbly commytt you to God. This 3rd of October, (1585.)
Your Honor's for ever most datyfull,
John Davys.
LORD SCROPE TO SIR FRANCIS WALSINGHAM.
It may please you, Sir, I fynde uppon the retume of my
man, remembred by my last of the third, that the contents of
that my last to you is true and am partlie given to under-
* John Davis, the navigator, was born at Sandridge, near Dart-
mouth, in Devonshire. He was very sanguine in his expectations of
the discovery of a north-west passage, and first visited Davis's
Straits, which have been so named after^ him. He was slain in an
encounter with the Japanese on the 27th of December, 1605.
t The northern seas appear to be much more clear of ice some
years than others, and Davis perhaps visited them in a favourable
264 THE SCOTTISH LORDS BESIEGE STIRLING. [nOV.
stand, that after the towne of Sterlinge was wonne, these
Lords* assalted the castle, and contynued skirmysh with the
Lords therein from fyve hours in the morning on Tuesday
last, untill eight of the clock on the same day, at which
tyme the King sent out to the Lords the Justice Clerk and
the Secretary, to commune with them, and to offer that him-
self would be well pleased to have speech and conference
with any two of these four, viz. Hamylton, Bothwell, Hume,
and Maxwell, utterly denying to speak with Angusse, Marr,
or Glamis. But the Lords answered they would do nothing
but conjointly and altogether. This parley contynued be-
twixt the King and the Lords, and the castell holden, untill
Wenesdaye at fyve of the clocke in the afternoone, messages
still going to and from the King all this tyme. At which hour
it was delyvered to the Lords, and the Lords in the castell
and others in the towne were taken, and yielded themselves,
viz. Th'Erles of Crawford, Montrosse, Rothowse, Arrell, and
Mershall, andGlencarne, Collonell Steward, Sir Robert Melyn,
William Steward, Captain of Dumberton, James Steward, his
brother, and the Master of Levingstone, with many other
Barons and gentlemen taken in their lodgings in the towne.
* These were the banished Lords, who, taking advantage of the ill-
feeling which had been created throughout Scotland by the conduct
of Arran and his party, entered Scotland, and made themselves masters
of Stirling and the person of the King, and immediately strengthened
themselves by giving the strong holds of the kingdom to the custody
of their friends. " Then," says Camden, " when they had, by their
faithful obedience, cleared the King's minde of all things that were
criminously and suspiciously objected against them by their adver-
saries, all proscriptions of all men whosoever, and for what causes
soever, from the King's inauguration to that very day, were in as-
sembly of the estates decreed to be for ever forgotten, (except those for
the murder of the King's father, and also against the Archbishop of
Glascow, the Bishop of Rosse, and the Bishop of Dunblane,) and with
general consent of all, authority was confirmed to the King to enter
into a confederacy with the Queene of England, and to assigne de-
legates.
1585.] THE LORDS TAKE STIRLING. 265
In this parley it was agreed betvvixte the King and the Lords,
that they should have all things as they would. Whereuppon
proclamation in ample forme against AiTen, and such as shall
make receipte of him, were graunted to be pubhshed at all
markett crosses throughout that realme.
The King's Majestic is shortly to remove from Sterlinge,
by reason of the great plague there.
The Captain of Dumberton, being in hand, is threatened to
be executed, unles he deliver the Castell of Dumberton, and
th'Erle of Arren suspected to be therein.
Thus being readie to take horse and returne towards Car-
lisle, and having acquainted the full contents of your laste
to the gentlemen, the reste of the commissioners, who are right
glad to hear of the thankfull acceptance of their service herin
at her Majestie's hands, I committ you for the present to the
protection of the Almighty.
From Barwick, the 5th of November, 1585.
Your loving frend assuredly to commaund,
H. SCROPE.
SIR GEORGE CAREY* TO LORD BURGHLEY.
May it please your Lordship, I cannot but crave pardon
for my hasty departure on Sunday last, and yield my humble
thankes for your honorable entertaynment. The news I re-
cieved from court yesterday as very freshe and not common,
you shall understande, which are, that the banished Earls of
Scotlande, with their, confederates, entered Sterlinge towne
by two a'clocke in the morning, and with the loss of ten
men, tooke all the noblemen that was with the Kinge pri-
soners, saving the Erie of Arren, who escaped over the brige,
and is thought is gone into Dunbrittan. The King is in the
castle with the Master of Gray, the Secretary, and some
* The cklest son of Lord Hunsdon.
266 AN ENGLISH SHIP TAKEN BY THE DUNKIRKERS. [nOV.
others ; what will become of him is doubtful. And so for this
time I leave longer to trouble you.
From Carisbrook Castell, this 10th of November, 1585.
Your Lordship's to commaunde,
George Carey.
I beseeche your Lordship, present the humble remembrance
of my duty to bothe the ladies.
THOMAS DOYLEY TO THE EARL OF LEICESTER.
Right Honourable my singular good Lord, my humble dutie
premised, having by many difficulties ridd myself out of the
hands of the hell-hounds of Dunkirk, and arrived at Galleys,
where I may boldly write unto your Honour the unlucky event
of our journey, these are to advertise your Honor, that putting
out from G ravelin ge the 13th of October, the 14th of the
same we were taken not farre from Dunkerk ; our pilot sayl-
ing off his course, bending too much southward. At the
taking of us there were two men-of-warre, the one called the
Lour Haane, and the other the Skeur Water, having two
prises in his companie. Our ship being heavie and full
freighted, both the upper and nether deck, so that we could
make no fight, so that we yielded and were rifled of all our
goods and apparel unto our doubletts and hose, with their
daggers at our throats, and brought to the common jayle,
and after our being there an hour, came the under-baylife, or
serjeant-major of the towne, with their poignards to our
brests, stripping us stark naked, searched us againe, and
took away such money as the mariners fayled of. There we
remayned from Thursdaye untill Mondaye, having nothing
sayd unto us. That day we were examined before the go-
vernor, the baylif, bourghemaster, pensioner, and others, of
our own estate, of her Majestie's actions in Flanders, of your
Honor's coming over, and this examination signed with our
hands, was two dayes after sent to the Prince of Parma at
1585.] TREATMENT OF THE PRISONERS. 267
Antwerp, whose resolution we must attend. The same day
fortnight he went, he returned. After four days consultation
upon the Prince's letters, we were called to the Towne
Howse, and there told by the baylif the Prince had de-
clared our goods confiscated and our bodies to be set
at ransome. We demanded if he had declared us ene-
mies ; they answered, No ; but we were therefore put
to our ransom, because enemies goods were found in our
ship, namely, the Earl of Oxford's, which they proved by
letters of my Lord Treasurer's to him, w^herein he wrote of
her Majestie's grante of the commanding of horsemen, which
letter one of the Earl of Oxford's chamber brought over in
our boate, with his monie, apparel, wine, and venison, etc.
Then were we severally put to our ransom, and rated
at their plesures, merchants, mariners, ship, and all. My
ransom, with my charges in prison, was 500 guilders, which,
by the means of one Mr. Hudson and Mr. Beal, merchants,
I dischardged. Mr. Stephens was exempted from this putting
to ransom, because by the letters he had, they pretended him to
be an agent of matters of estate, and an especiall instrument
in matters of Flushinge, and sett him downe articles, wher-
unto they comaunded him to answere peremptoriely, uppon
payne of the torture, the coppie wherof, with his answer to
them, he hath sent to Mr. Secretarie. The answer to the
articles is sent to the Prince, so that I douthis will be a longe
and difficult matter. I escaped well, because they found
nothing in my chest but physick and astronomy books, all
letters and notes for your Honor's busines I drowned out of
a porthole, when they entered the ship, which Mr. Stephens
could by no means do, his trmik being overwhelmed with
sondrie packs.
There came awaie in my companie two merchants, and
your servant John Potter, for whose ransom I have given
my worde. We left behinde us some merchants, two of the
Earl of Oxford's men, besides the four gentilmen which were
there before us, namely, Mr. Shelton, two Traceys, and Mr.
268 STATE OF DUNKIRK. [nOV.
AVhithed, for whom they demaund 2000 guilders a-piece, and
as yet growe no lower.
The day before our coming out of Dunkirk, there arrived
an Enghsh ship laden with come and salt, a Sandwich man,
his name is Richard Durrhum, the consideration wherof I
refer to your ITonor. There was one Burnham, whose bro-
ther servelh Mr. Secretarie, an inhabitant of Dunkerk, ba-
nished the towne uppon suspicion of informations into
England.
There remayneth in Dunkerk, Mr. Stanyhurst, the Lord of
Tunsan's brother, and Mr. Copley, surnaraed Lord, whose
sister Mr. Stanyhurst married : also Mr Kemp, called
Don Gulihelmo.
The governor is a Spaniard named Francisco d'Aguillar
d'Alvarede. The garrison is two companies Spanish, and
one of Muff's, both weake. The Spaniards are notably hated
of the inhabitants.
The towne is verie poor and desolate, the grass growing
in the streets. If the Flushingers would hinder their fish-
ing, they should be soone starved and brought to ex-
tremitie.
The day before our coming away, they, by proclamation,
called downe the value of all coines to the rate of Brabant
monie, as I suppose, to allure marchants to trade with
them.
Mr. Stephens humbly requesteth your Honor's assistance
in the procuring his libertie. He hath wrote to Mr. Row-
land York for his returne, and to St. Aldegonde to that effect,
as he hath conferred with your Honor.
I knowe not what order your Honor hath taken touching
your aff'ayres since my imprisonment. I am readie as alwayes
to do your Honor anie service, if your Honor please to em-
ploye me. I request agayne your letters of credit, and from
the estates also ; I hope to kepe them better.
I meane, God willing, presentlie to take shipping for
Flushinge. We durst not go from Dunkerk to Ostende, the
1585.] ARRAN ESCAPES FROM STIRLING. 269
quarters being broken, no passport or drum would war-
rant us.
Thus humbly commending my dutifull service to your
Honor, I wish the same felicitie in all affayres. This 12th
of November, 1585. From Galleys.
Your Honor's most afFectioned and dutifull servant,
Tho. Doyley.
LORD SCROPE TO SIR FRANCIS WALSINGHAM.
Sithence the dispatch of my laste of date yesterdaye, and
sente by Henry Leigh's man, there hath come unto me a
confirmation of such matters as by the said letters I did ad-
vertise, except that of the councellorshippe that still resteth
in suspence. I am further given to understand, that at the
surprise of the towne and castell of Strivelinge, the escape
of the King was at a neare hazarde : who, before the sur-
render of the castell, assayed for that purpose to have cor-
rupted William Maxwell, of Newarke, which at that pre-
sente had the chardge of a secret posterne of the castell, to
whom the Lords sent and offered large sums of money to
have lett him out at the said posterne, but by good forsight
this devise was prevented and defeated.
It is not yet certainlie knowne what is become of Arren,
but suspected that both himself and all his brethren have
taken shipping for other countryes. His especiall favourites
in courte are all either removed of the courte, or wardes ;
the Colonell Steward committed to the care of Morton, and
presentlie with him at Drumfreys.
The Lords continueth still at Lithquo, and hath appointed
the last session of the Parliament to begin and be holden in
Lithquo, the 1st of December next, wherunto it is looked
that the whole nobilitie and estates shall convene and give
their presence and free votes. In that Parliament, it is
270 SIR PHILIP SYDNEY AT FLUSHING. [nOV.
intended that good order shall be had for the restitution of the
lands and livings to the late forfayted Lords and others, with
order for their salfty and standing hereafter, with oblivion of
all matters paste, and divers other things to be then entreated
and enacted for the weale and common quietnes of that
re aim e.
The keeping of these Weste Borders are (for a tyme) com-
mitted to the charge of Morton, who hath already made
his entry into that office of wardenry, and published his
proclamation for redres of late disorders, and other matters
which I referre to your view of the copie of the same here-
with sent you, and committ you to the protection of the Al-
mighty.
Nov. 18, 1585.
THOMAS DOYLEY TO THE EARL OF LEICESTER.
Right Honorable, my humble dutie premised, arriving at
Vlushinge the 16th, the next day the souldiors and bourgers
solemnized with the great ordinance, the ensigns displayed
on the towne walls, her Majestie's coronation daye. The
18th arrived Sir Phillip Sydney,* so much the welcomer
because he brought a supply of monie, the wante wherof
caused a general discontentment, and on Sundaye there was
a reciprocall oathe taken betweene the governor and the
magistrates of the towne, and Mr. Edward Norreys having
resigned his provisional charge, is gone into Guilderland to
his brother, being encamped before Nyewmegen, still batter-
ing the towne from a skonce gayned by force from the enemie
over agaynst the towne, on the other syde of the river, being
not 2000 stronge. The enemie made great provision of
bridges and boats for the rescue therof, minding to have
joyned his troupes with Verdugos, but the moystnes of the
* Who was made governor of Flushing, one of the cautionary towns.
1585.] STATE OF THE LOW COUNTRIES. 271
weather hindered their carriages, so that he turned his
forces toward Bolduc, and is passed over a branch of the
Wael into Bomelswaert, a rich soyle, but the townes are too
strong, as Bommel and Tyel, for him to prevayle ; but he
would withdrawe the General from Nyewmegen.
The enemies being on foote, caused all the townes fronter-
ing uppon them to stand uppon their garde, especially
Oestende, Sluys, Berghes-op-Zoom, Utrecth, as also our
small camp. The Prince hath sent to Blankenbergh 3000
foot and 500 horse, for the making of a skonce there, lying
between Oestende and Sluys, and it is thought he will make
a haven there, for the relief of Bruges for victuals. Your
Honor's coming is wonderfully wished for, and not more de-
sired than necessarie, to establish some better order, which
groweth towards a confusion, for manie new comers can
better mislike then amende, and have as little skill tocommaund
as will to be commaunded, and everie man projecteth to his
self and his estate, besydes the discontentement of the people,
whom nothing can content but your Honor's presence I
am skant awake from the miserie of the prison, therefore I
humbly crave pardon if I particularise not the occurrents
wherein I am skant entered. So wishing to your Honor the
greatest degree of fehcitie, I commit the same to the protection
of the Almightie.
From Vlusshinge, the 23rd of November, 1585.
Your Honor's most dutifull servant,
Tho. Doyley.
THE EARL OF LEICESTER TO LORD BURGHLEY.
My very good Lord, I am sorry I could not take my leave
of you before my departure, but I heard, which I am sorry
for, that your Lordship's paines increased after my going
from the court, and dyd lett your coming to London. But
272 LEICESTKIl ON HIS WAY TO HOLLAND. [UEC.
having that opportunity taken away, I have thought it my
pai'te to bid your Lordship farewell by these fe.v lines, wher-
in I shall wyshe your Lordship present health, and many
yeres to serve her Majestie, commending you for the same to
the myghty protection of the Lord.
My good Lord, I may not, having this occasion, be un-
myndfull of those things also, which I did think at my leave
taking to have remembered to your Lordship, albeit I know
the care you always have of her Majesty's good services.
Your Lordship cannot but remember the cause for which
it hath pleased her Majesty to send me into the Low Coun-
tryes. It was not only by your Lordship, but by the whole
number of counsellors, agreed uppon, how meete and ne-
cessary it was for her Highnes to give ayde and assistance
for the reliefe of those afflicted countryes, her neighbours and
most auncient frends. It hath grown synce to newe termes and
resolutions, as well by her Majestie's own words of comfort
to them, as by contracts set downe between her and them,
by her Majestie's commyssioners appointed for that pm'pose.
I trust, my good Lord, now that I have taken this voyage
uppon me, to serve her Majestie as she hath commaunded,
your Lordship wyll be myndfull of me, poore man, but of
the cause comytted now to my dealing cheifly. Albeit I
have no mystrust, but in so great absence and such a service
I myght greatly rely uppon your partycular good wyll and
regard of myself. But in this case I desire not respect nor
regard of me, but of the cause, which 1 beseech you, my Lord,
I may at this farewell recommend to your Lordship's wyse-
dome and great care. It cannot be, but whatsoever lack
shall happen to me in this service, but the want must turn
to her Majestie, and as there can no good or honour fall to
this action, but it must be wholly to the prayse and honor of
her Majestie, so whatsoever disgrace or dishonor shall hap-
pen (growing for lacke of our good maintenance,) but it
wyll redounde to her Majestie also. Her Majesty, I see, my
Lord, often tymes doth fall into myslike of this cause and
1585.] LEICESTER ON HIS WAY TO HOLLAND. 273
sundry opinions it may breede in her Majestic withall: but I
trust in the Lord, seeing her Highnes hath thus far resolved,
and growen also to this far execution as she hath, and that
myne and other men's poore lives and substances are adven-
tured for her sake and by her commaundement, that she will
fortifie and maintayne her own actions to the full perform-
aunce of that she hath agreed on. Thus shall there be no
doubt, but assured hope of all good successe, to the glory
of God, and perpetual honor of her Majesty.
My good Lord, you may conceive my meaning without
more words used to you, and the rather that I desired Mr.
Secretary to imparte a letter to you I wrote to him. I beseech
your Lordship have this cause even to your heart, as it doth
appear you have even by consenting to the adventure of your
eldest Sonne in this service ; for this I must say to you, if her
Majestic fayle us with such supplye and maintenance as shall
be fyt, all she hath done hitherto will be utterly lost and cast
away, and we her poore subjects no better then abjects. And
good my Lord, for my last, have me only thus far in your
care, that in those thinges which her Majestic and you all
have agreed and confirmed for me to do, that I be not made
a metamorphosys, if I shall not knowe what to do. And so
the Lord have you in his keeping, preserve her Majestic for
ever, and send us good successe in his service. In some
hast, this 5th of December, 1585, in my way to the sea side.
By your Lordship's assured friend,
R. Leycester.
My Lord, no man feeleth comfort, but they that have cause
of griefe, and no men have so much neede of reliefe and com-
fort as those that go in these doubtful services. I pray you,
my Lord, help us to be kept in comfort, for that we wyll
hazard our lyfes for it.
VOL. II.
274. SLACKNESS OF THE GERMAN PRINCES. [dEC.
LORD WILLOUGHBY * TO LORD BURGHLEY.
My most honorable good Lord, I'^was sorry when I de-
parted that I could not for lacke of tyme better satisfy your
Lordship nor myself for that small trifle of Gretam, which I
valued only because it was the first gracious gift of her Ma-
jestic, and was loath that her Majestie's hand should have
bene unto me in vaine. Notwithstanding, I referred the
cause by my last letters to yom' Lordship, wholly unto you,
since I understand how honorable your Lordship hath delt
with me, your poore neighbour, which I acknowledge in all
love and dutie, and shall be ready by all meanes I may to
deserve, and as your Lordship useth not that authoritie you
may in hindering my meane affaires, so your Lordship shall
find me to my abilitie ready to furder your Lordship's good
pleasure with all offices and services I am able, which I hope
your Lordship will not regard by the smallness of my power,
but by the greatnes of my good will.
Mr. Stokes, I heare, is dead, I hope your Lordship re-
membreth your letters of promise for Ednam parsonage,
wherin it pleases your Lordship so well to conceive the rea-
sons, as I nede not to yield you any, but give you humble and
hartie thankes for the same.
I have no advertisement here worthie your Lordship : I was
employed here by her Majestic to sollicit succours for the King
of Navarre, either by men or money, but I Lave received a mar-
velous cold answere, which I am sure your Lordship shall be
made acquainted with. They understand better proximus
Slim eyomet mihi, than they have learned humani nihil a
me alienum puto. The Germane Princes contynueth still in
their depe securitie and lethargic, careles of the state of
others, dreaming of their ubiquitye, and some of them, as it
* Peregrine Bertie, Lord Willoiighby, was one of the bravest and
most skilful soldiers of this reign, and was made commander of all the
English forces in the Low Countries after the retirement of the Earl
of Leicester in 1587.
1585.] PREPARAT[ONS OF THE SPANIARDS. 275
is thought, inclining to be Spanish and Popish more of late
than heretofore.
As better occasion shall serve, so will I not fayle to trouble
your Lordship oftener with my letters. In the mean season
I leave your Lordship, with my praiers to Almightie God.
From Croun^nbargh, the 15th of December.
Your Lordship's to commaund,
Peregrine Wyllughby.
LORD CHARLES HOWARD* TO THE EARL OF LEICESTER.
My honorable good Lord, I am wonderfully beholding
unto you to that it pleaseth you to remember me your too
poore friend with your letters, which [ have received by sun-
dry. Your Lordship shall be always more assm'ed of my love
and service, and with all my power to be a mean that you
may be well backed.
We have here hourly advertysements out of Spayne of the
great preparations the King dothe make, and it is by some
of our own nation that is stolen from them. It hath given here
some hot alarm, but forgotten in a day or two, after the
olde manner, which your Lordship is best acquainted with.
I am much afraid, and I pray God I live not to hear of Eng-
land as was of Callys, that it was lost before we scant heard
it was besieged, for if they prepare thus wonderfully and
we hear of it and do nothing resist it, your Lordship is wyse to
judge what is like to followe. But, my Lord, my case is
hard, now lacking so good a friend as your Lordship to joine
* Charles Lord Howard of Effingham, was the eldest son of Lord
William Howard, on whose death in 1573, he succeeded to the office
of Lord High Admiral of England, and afterwards commanded the
fleet against the Spanish armada. He died at an advanced age on the
14th of December, 1624.
At the time of writing this letter, the reports of the great prepara-
tions of the Spaniards began to be spread abroad.
t2
276 CLANDESTINE TRADE WITH THE ENEMY. [dEC.
with mc ; for whatsoever 1 say to seeke to prevent this great
mischiefe towards, it is very unpleasant to some, but most unto
her for whom God knows I am more carefull then for myself,
wjfe, and children ; but I thinke it is tolde her Majestie that
war is my gayne, and therefore no marvel if I procure it.
But being as it is, and our mynds of no greater courage, I
wolde to God we were carefull to defend ourselves, synce we
are so afrayd to offend.
My Lord, my duty unto God for his cause, my faythefull-
nes unto her Majesty, being in the place I am in, wyll not
suffer me to hold my peace. And yet I fear much it woll do
no good. Your Lordship and yoiu company hathe lefte very
few men of w ar here. I pray God, a shaddow of peace or
some such things put into her Majestie's head, bredeth not
us liiuche danger. If her Majesty do prepare a navy, as of
necessytie she must, I thinke we muste have help from your
Lordship, both of shyppes and men, for it is one of the
articles. Touching that, I think yoiu- Lordship shall hear
more shortly. Touching that I did understand, and that your
Lordship had understanding, that English emen near the coste
should carry vytell over unto the enemy, some one now may
do so, but it is deathe if it be found. I would to God your
Lordship could advertise us of any. But, my Lord, daylie
the Hollanders do. and yet they fynd means to have the
States write in their behalf For this they do : they carrie
one half of their goods that is lawfull and the other prohibyted
goods, thynking to save the prohibyted goods by the collour
of the lawfull goods, but the law is, that having any pro-
hibyted goods in the shyppe, all shall be forfeited, for so is the
law. But our poore men that have ventured to do this servys
is discouraged and almost undone, for whatsoever is taken, they
are so wrangled withall as they are weary to serve any longer.
And believe me, my Lord, do what you chuse, the States
wyll deceive you in that, if your Lordship meet not with them
on the seas. Your Lordship's letter touching the lewd be-
1585.] LEICESTER ACCEPTS THE GOVERNMENT. 277
havyour of Churche, it shall be duly examyned and be well
punyshed.
I have declared unto the bearer, Mr. Atie, somethynge to
say unto your Lordship by word of mouthe. Your Lordship
shall always have me with all my goodwyll and power
to stand by your Lordship in this honourable action, and
pray to God to bless you in all your doings, and take you
and all your company to his protection. The Courte, the
27th (Dec. 1585.)
Your Lordship's always most assured friend,
C. Howard.
I am sure your Lordship doth hear ere this, how your
Flushyngers hath used the Dunkerkers.
CONTENTS OF THE EARL OF LEICESTER'S LETTERS TO
LORD BURGHLEY FROM FLANDERS.
January 22, 1585. That the soldiours in garrison townes
will no longer stand to the States' paiment. Wherupon fol-
lowed this consequent, that the townes were all put in daun-
ger of being surrendered, etc., and himself forced to take
upon him the whole paiment, and so the absolute government,
otherwise the matter could not be pacified.
That the Prince of Parma, upon his arrivall, called together
the counsell and president, declared to them the views of
his coming, as also of Captain Drake sent to the Indies,
whereto the president aunswered, that those inconveniences
followed upon the Kinge's refusing of their good counsail,
which was to graunt the freedom of religion to the Low
Countries, which if he had done for the time he might have
resumed at pleasure, and have put down the Protestants again
when he lysted.
That the Prince of Parma casteth owt rumours of peace
offered by the Queue, to make a jelousie and division among
the States ; and that a letter was sent to that purpose from
•278 LEICESTER IN HOLLAND. [jAN,
Antwerp, which signified that the English howse w^as in pro-
viding for my Lord who was to come thither abowt that pur-
pose, and that the Prince of Parma presumeth much of the
humour of England that way.
That to stand only upon a defensive war will be disho-
nourable, and a way to undo all, for these reasons. 1. That
the enemie having the field roveth and scoureth where he
lyst, doing force and receiving force but where and when
himself lysteth. 2. That Brabant and Flaunders have been
lost by that resolution. 3. That he spoileth the countrey
by continuall incursions, where the English should be re-
lieved without resistance. 4. That the defensive only being
an endless war, is a discouragement to the people, seeing no
measure nor end of their taxes and contributions. 5. That
the enemie is more afrayd of the field, than our part is, he
standing only upon the forces of his garrisons, but we hav-
ing many strong townes for refuge after any losse. 6. That
the fields may be got and purchased on our part with a very
small charge added to that which is already.
To be means to the Quene that he may have by Easter
2,000 horse and 5,000 footmen, to meet with the skowerers
that spoil the countrey.
That Villiers is a very villain, and leadeth away the Count
Monice to a reconciliation, and useth also to that pur-
pose one Malarie that is about the young Count.
That forasmuche as my Lord North is sickly, and taketh
his living there for a punishment, means may be made to the
Queiie, that either he may have leave to returne into Eng-
land, or be there with more honour, viz. to have a place in
the commission and D. Bartilimew^ Clark to be sent home,
being there needlesse, for as much as D. W. Clark fm-nisheth
the towne for law much better.
That the Duke of Saxonie is become a new man since
his last marriage, hath sent a very plain message to the Em-
perour, and is agreed w^th divers other princes to send to the
FrcncheKing to desist, etc., telling him that otherwise they will
158().] PLOT AGAINST THE QUEEN. 279
stay from liim all Germans aydes, and assist the King of Spaine
with their forces.
That the Comit of Emden is all Spanishe, the rather
because his brother Count John received so small comfort
in England, for which cause presently he languisheth.
That it were good to reduce the two brothers by some good
means.
That Hamborough is villainous and all Spanishe. If
it may be, the English trafficque to be removed thence,
and towards someway els, by that means to reduce or abate
them.
That he hath won the States (whom he fyndeth very lov-
ing) to some new contributions.
That Paul Bruys is a very villain, a dissembler. Or-
tell lykewyse to be his, and to skorne the English.
Feb. 22. That he hath proceeded already with the States
to a conclusion for an armie to be levied for the field, that
being the only way to relieve those countries.
That he hath provided for that purpose for the water, 40
good ships and 25 smaller vessels, to run upon the rivers,
and for land that they have concluded for 4,000 horse,
most Reiters.
That 3,000 Spaniards more are arrived there of late.
That the King of Denmark hath sent him very kynd mes-
sage by my Lord W illowbey, that he offereth to her Majestie's
service 2,000 horse, with his best captains and his own son,
if she pleases.
The Count Hollock to be very forward and earnest in her
Majestie's service.
That he hath mett with divers letters and intelligences,
wherby he understandeth that the Pope hath greatly la-
boured divers desperate persons to do violence to her Ma-
jestic, the plot to be executed by strangers under colour of
merchandise. And that the Prince of Parma of late spake
broadly to that purpose, that the English ayde would not
continue many weekes, meaning by her Majestie's death.
280 LEICESTER IN HOLLAND. [fEB
That he is informed how that two Jesuites of Burges have
undertaken a great enterprize in England, and were well in-
structed with pretences for accesse to the court. To prevent
the mischief, it were good, 1, To banish the Popish mer-
chants of the Low Countries at London ; 2, To lay for these
two, whom he will gett better described ; 3, To remove her
Majestic from London to Woodstock, or Farnham, or some
other place far and in a country well affected.
Feb. 24. That he hath procured 20,000 florens more
of the States monthly, besides the 20,000 graunted before.
That he hath chaunged divers garrisons of late, for some
small suspicions, and now all places to be sure and
faithfull.
That he is making Lillo and Lyfkyn Hoof stronger, being
places of so good importance.
That he hath learned there to be of a good nature, and
hopeth to sett the Kings of Fraunce and Spain together by
the eares shortely, without a groat charges.
To move her Majestic for Sir W. Pellam's sending over,
and Captain Bingham for four months.
To remember for money, money.
Feb. 26. That he is informed by one of the States, of
certain bruites given abroad by the Prince of Parma, touching
the Queue's disposition for a peace with the King of Spain,
and to the lyke effect he is certified from London that one
Lewis de Pare, a Spanish merchant, is sent a month since to
the King about that matter, which he cannot believe, being
a thing so dishonourable and dangerous.
That Mr. Secretarie would certitie him if any such
thing be.
Feb. 27. That Coronell Shenkes hath taken a towne and
castell in Westphalie, of very great importance. The town
to be the principall within the province of Werle, belonging
to the Bishop of Collen.
That the Count of Mears hath met wdth a conspiracie of late
at Deventer, and chaunged the magistrates, who would have
1586.] LEICESTER IN HOLLAND. 281
rendered the towne to the Spanishe, and that this Count
is the best Protestant and surest affected in those countreys.
That Utricht and some other neutrall townes, since his
coming, have inclined towards religion, and shewed some
good fruits, the ministers now waxing more bold, and that
he meaneth shorteley towards Utricht,
LORD BURGHLEY TO THE EARL OF LEICESTER.
My very good Lord, as matters do rise so am I bold to
wryte unto you, and yet I see so many misaventures in safety
of arryvall of letters, as I see it necessary to repeate things in
second letters, wherewith your Lordship may be troubled by
reading ; but I would rather so trouble your Lordship then
leave it undone. In my former letters, I have shewed you that
her Majestic wold have your Lordship to cause inquisition to
be made of the nomber and power of the shipps of warre in
Holland and Zelland, and with what number they wold be
content uppon their charges to serve this yere with her Ma-
jestie's navy agaynst the King of Spayne's power, which* hath
been reported greater than I can believe ; but her Majestic is
resolved to have her navy ready at Portesmouth, before the end
of March. Her Majestic also wold gladly have your Lord-
ship discover to what purpose the Itallien carpenters do
work, as it is sayd, very secretly in churches in Antwerp,
about shipps or gallyes.
Of late, Ortell, that remayneth here agent for the States,
propounded certain questions uppon the trade to be used by
the shippers of Holland and Zelland. The articles 1 do send
herewith to your Lordship, with an answer by us here given
under your Lordship's advise. Uppon conference with the
States, we fynd here that under colour of any trade with mar-
chandise to any partof Pycardy, the enemy is succoured. Never-
theless, as yoiu: Lordship there shall fynd the States conform-
able, we will here prescribe the same order to be kept.
282 LEICESTER ACCE1>TS THE GOVERNMENT. [fEB.
# Truly, my Lord, it is most necessary that all kynd of victells
or matters for shipping be utterly forbydd. We have ad-
vertisements from Lysborn, by sondry come from thence that
all English men are at liberty there, and that the preparation
is as yet not great, only all maner of great hulks are stayed.
And so I end from any farder troubling of your Lordship.
17tli January, at Grenvvych.
Your Lordship's most assuredly,
W. Burghley.
LORD BURGHLEY TO THE EARL OF LEICESTER.
My very good Lord, your last letter come to my hands was
by your Lordship wrytten at the Hague the 29th of January,
by which I was glad to perceave you had receaved my letters
sent by Mr. Atye, and my son, which were made old letters
by the contrary wynd, which of late hathe bene so constant to
hang long in one coast, as either your Lordship there have cause,
or we here, to misse it, for it holdeth strongly either west,
which pleaseth us to send, but nottoheare, or els in the east,
which discontenteth either of us in contrary manner.
By your Lordship's letters I fynd many thyngs of my let-
ters answered, so I shall be able to satisfye her Majestic ;
but to be playn with your Lordship, in a few words, I and
other your Lordship's poore frends, find her Majestic so dis-
contented with your acceptation of the government there,
before you had advertised, and had her Majestie's opinion,
that although I, for my own part, judge this action both
honorable and profitable, yet her Majestic will not endure to
heare any speeche in defence therof. Nevertheless, I hope
a small tyme shall alter this hard conceit in her Majestic,
wherunto I have allready and shall not desist to oppose my-
self with good and sound reasons to move her Majestic to
alter her hard opinion. But to end this wryting, I cold not
but to accompany this gentleman, Horatio Pallavicino, with
my letter, whom for his wisdom and all other good qualities, I
1586.] AFFAIRS OF SCOTLAND. 283
nede not to commend to your Lordship, being so well knowen
and approved to your Lordship as he is.
Your Lordship's assured at command,
W. BURGHLEY.
From my howse in Westminster,
7th February, 1586.
SIR ROBERT CONSTABLE* TO SIR FRANCIS WALSINGHAM.
It may please your Honor, the 21st of this instant, Mr.
Randolph e, her Majestie's ambassador, came unto this
towne, and presently wrote unto the King for his licence,
which was returned unto him the 24th of the same, who the
next morning sett forth of this towne unto the courte of Scot-
land, and requireth that he might have Robert Carvell to ac-
company him, whom I licenced accordingly. I receaved this
enclosed from Roger Ashton,t which I do returne unto your
Honor.
Th' occurrences I have intelligence of at this time, are as
folio weth :
The Master of Grey (as I am informed) stands not in such
favor with the King as he did of late, and therefore deter-
mined to drawe himself home from courte.
The Secretary]; is in great credit and favour with the King
at this present.
There hath bene some conspiracie and practise latelie
against the Lordes. But it was lefte of, for that it could not
be brought about to take effect, devised (as is thought) by
the Erie of iVrren and his adherents.
Sir William Steward was apprehended upon suspecte for
the same matter, and brought to the Lord of Arbroathe,
who examined him, and afterwards was carried to the King,
* Marshal of Berwick. t The English resident in Scotland.
t Maitland.
284 EARL OF ARRAN BANISHED. [FEB.
with whom the King hath great conference in secrett, and
thercuppon by the King discharged, at libertie and resident
no we in courte.
It is said th'Erle of Arren shall departe forthe of the
realme abowte the thirde or fourth of Marche next ensuing,
and that Collonell Steward hath taken his leave already at the
comle, and is departe forth of the realme lykewise. And
moreover, (as I am informed,) if her Majestie's ambassador
had not come at this present there had growen great dis-
pleasure and alteration sodenly amongst them in the courte,
for that there is great disdaine and envie amongst the noble-
men at this present.
The Lord Maxwell as yet continueth in warde, whom the
Lordes have in great suspect for this conspiracie and practise
against them, and are turned to be his enemies, seeking to
procure at the King's handes that he maye have his triall,
and abyde an assise, who is like to come to be arraigned,
and thought it will go very hard with him, as well for his
former proceedings, as this his late action.
I am certainly informed that Sir Thomas Carre, the Lord
of Farnihearst, is deceased in the towne of Aberdene, in the
north of Scottland.
(24th Feb. 1585.)
W. DAVISON TO THE EARL OF LEICESTER.
My singular good Lorde, yesterday I receyved your letter
of ... . and even now another of the 10th of this present.
By them both I see how much your Lordship longeth to
heare how things have succeeded with me since my returne,
wherin, because I have written at some length in my letters
of the 2 ...., commytted for surety sake to this bearer, one of
the captains that . . . over, though detayned here ever since
by the contrariety of wynd and weather, I shall not neede in
this to make any new or long rehearsall. Since my second
1586.] THE queen's anger against LEICESTER. 285
and third daye's audience, the stormes I mett withall at myn
anyvall have overblowen and abated dayly. Sir Thomas
Henneage,* notwithstanding, continueth his jorney, and, as
we think, is yesterday embarqued. He intendeth to go by
Fkishing, where I wyshe he might not fayle of Sir Philip
Sydney. Since the qualilication of his message, I do not
heare of any change ; neither hath her Majestic, or himself,
mentioned anything therof to Mr. Secretarie ; the most I
have learned therof hath been from my Lord Treasurer, who,
I can assure your Lordship, hath herein done good offices,
though he have not been able to do all that he wished. On
Satterday last, uppon some newes out of France, wherin it
seemes they grew jealous of your Lordship's interest in that go-
vernement, her Majestic fell into some new heat, which lasted
not long. This day I was myself at the court, and found her
in reasonable good termes, though she will not yet seem
satisfied to me, either with the matter or manner of your
proceeding, notwithstanding all the labor I have taken in
that behalf. Howsoever it be, I am zealous of the success
of things there uppon the bruites delivered abroad, specially
when they shall be confirmed by Sir Thomas his amvall, if
he carry not himself very temperately and discreetely, which
I have the better hope of, as well for the common opinion
had of his judgment, as for the love he beareth to your per-
son and the cause.
It shall not be amisse, in my poore opinion, that in your
next letters to my Lord Treasurer, your Lordship take know-
ledge as from myself of his good offices done in your behalf.
In the meantyme, I do not forgett to labor him all that I may.
I had no speach with him this day, by reason both himself
and divers others of the councell were met together in hear-
ing the old differences between the Lord President of the
* Sent to signify to the Earl of Leicester the Queen's displeasure at
his having accepted the government of the Netherlands.
286 THE queen's anger against LEICESTER. [FEB.
north, and my Lord Mounljoy.* Mr. Vice-Chamberlain pro-
testeth that he hath and will deale honorably with your
Lordship ; and for anything that I heare, hath performed it.
Mr. Secretary hath been behind -hand to no one of the rest
in an honest and honorable defence of your doings, but
th' opinion of his partiality for your Lordship hath somewhat
prejudiced his credit with her. Both he and the rest of your
good friends do fynde a great lack in your Lordship's seldom
entertayning her Majestic with your own letters, and think
it one speciall helping cause to all the offence and myslike
here against you, which I fynde to be true, and wish your
Lordship would labor to reforme.
Though I dare not take uppon me to give advyse to your
Lordship how to proceede with Sir Thomas Henneage, yet
could I wishe, under your correction, in case he has order to
proceede in the delivery of any other letters then to yourself,
that they were retayned till uppon the information of your
Lordship and others,! had signified the danger and inconveni-
ence thereof to her Majestic, and receyved her further plea-
sure, because in the meane tyme I hope things may be
wrought here as you wish them, so your Lordship forgett
not to amend your noted fault in her Majestie's behalf; for in
particular, I find not her Majestic altogether so sharp as some
men say, though her favour outwardly cooled in respect both
of this action and of our plaine proceeding with her here in
defence thereof
In your supply of men there is nothing yet resolved, though
her Majestic promised to determyne something this day. I
am sorry your Lordship hath cause to myslike the partie I
recommended you, not without some forewarning of his par-
ticular wants, which your Lordship will, in your wisdome,
either help or beare with. The man I know is able to do you
very good service, but his long use to governe alone, doth
make him somewhat incompatible fellowshipp.
* James Blount, sixth Baron Montjoy, father of the Lord Montjoy,
celebrated in Irish history.
1586.] THE queen's anger against LEICESTER. 287
I have not seen my Lady these ten or twelve dayes ; to-
morrow I hope, God willing, to do my duty towards her. I
found her greatly troubled with tempestuous newes she re-
ceyved from court, but somewhat comforted when she under-
stood how I had proceeded with her Majestic. It hath been
assured unto me by some great ones, that it was putt into her
Majestie's head that your Lordship had sent for her, and that
she made her preparation for the journey, which, added to a
number of other things, cast in by such as love neither your
Lordship nor the cause, did not a little increase this heat of
her Majestie's offence against you. But these passions over-
blowen, I hope her Majestie will have a gracious regard both
towards yourself and the cause, as she hath not let sometymes
to protest since my retume, knowing how much it importeth
her in honour, surety, and necessity ; which recommending
to the blessings of God, and your Lordship to his gracious
protection, thus I most humbly take my leave. At my poore
howse, this last of February, 1585.
Your Lordship's ever bounden servant,
W. Davison.
LORD BURGHLEY TO THE EARL OF LEICESTER.
My very good Lord, I should be ashamed greatly for not
oftener wryting to your Lordship of late, having receaved so
many from you, but that I have an excuse more sufficient,
than I lyke of, which also this bearer can inform you of Since
Mr. Hennadge went from hence, who tarry ed very long at the
sea coast for want of convenient wynd, her Majestie wold
never be content to have any speeche of the state of things
nedeful to be knowne for your chardg. I have not desisted
to move her to gyve eare, but she continued her offence as in
no sort I cold attayn to any answer mete to be given to your
Lordship. And now of late having had a myshap by a fall,
288 . AFFAIRS OF THE LOW COUNTRIES. [mARCH,
wherby I have bene and still am to kepe my bed, I have at
sondry tymes wrytten to her Majestj^ I have also sent my
mynd by Mr. Vice-Chamberlain, who hath earnestly used my
name to her Majestie, specially to send money and men to
supply the broken bandes, but no answer to purpose can be
had, and yet I mynd not to cease, but being pushed thereto
with conscience and care of her honour, yea, of her
savety, I will still sollicit her Majesty, hoping God will
move her to barken to necessary motions, principally for
herself.
Now, my good Lord, though I cannot gyve you no answer
to many thyngs for lack of her Majestie's good disposition,
yet I will remember the matters contained in your Lordship's
letters, and wryte soomwhat therof, in another paper here
inclosed with my man's hand, because, in very truth, the
payne of my bruised foot disableth my hand to write as I
wold.
My Lord, I imparted to her Majestie the secret offer made
to you for to yield to her Majestie the gayn of 30,000 or
40,000 pounds by the yere, for the permission to coyne the
Rose nobles there, but her Majestie would not be tempted
therwith ; and surely, my Lord, I marvell how such a gayn
can be made therof, for though for a reasonable portion to
be coyned there, at the first utterance, the same might be
valued for great gayn, yet when there should be any plenty,
the gredynes of them will be stayed, and the true valewe
wold be knowne, and the estymation wold abate.
It wold be knowne to what qualitie he wold monthely or
quarterly coyne, and if it should be taken in hand, and within
a few months quake for want of utterance, the matter wold
be evil spoken of, to erect up a coinadg in a forrayn country
of our currant money ; but if the gayne might be sure, the
proffit wold answer the speeche. As I may heare more fi:om
your Lordship, so will I precede herin. And so I take my
leave of your Lordship, praying you to take in good part, my
1586.] LEICESTER IN HOLLAND. '289
divyding of my letter, by wryting part with my own hand,
and part with my servant's.
From the Court at Grenwych, the 6th of March, 1585.
Your Lordship's most assured,
W. BURGHLEY.
SIR HENRY WALLOP TO THE EARL OF LEICESTER.
Right Honorable and my very good Lord, though 1
be late to make shewe of my gladnes, of the happie begin-
nings which we heare your Lordship hath encountered with
in this your voyage unto the Low Country es, yet I am none
of the laste that do rejoyce thereat, or in the meaner sorte,
either in respecte of my partycular devotion and affection to-
wardes your Lordship, or for the greate good which I con-
ceyve and hope may come unto the common cause of Godde's
truthe, to the relief of those oppressed people, and to the
preservation and salfetie of her Majestie's estate, through the
prosperous successe of the enterprize, God being pleased
to bless the same, as he hath done the firste beginning, to-
wardes which, for that my fortune, nor the reason of my
being employed here in so remote a place, for her Ma-
jestie's service, doth mynister unto me any other means
to advaunce so godly a work, I will at the least em-
ploie my day lie prayers to his divine Majestic, that he
will vouchsafe (if it be his holie will) to prosper the whole
course of your Lordship's proceedings there with the same
good fortune with which this your first entering hath been
made joyful! to all those that love and honor your Lord-
ship, or favor the cause. And as I shall ever be most glad
to understand that they be, as I do wishe, so do I humbly
beseeche your Lordship to accompte of me, as of one that
shall lykewise be as readie to do you any kynd of service that
shall lye in my power, as any man of my calling and
VOL. II. u
*2i)0 THE QUEEN PACIFIED. [mARCH,
abilitie, wherof whensoever it shall please you to make tryall
by commaunding me in any sorte, I will yield better proof by
deedes then I can make offers or declarations in wordes.
This broken and patched estate is for the present in quyet,
but of the contynuance I dare not assure. Lenity and tempo-
rising (in my simple judgment) is not the waie to reduce
Ireland to dutyfulnes and civility. But such her Majesty
will have it for, and the dysobedient in religion not to be
touched. Her directions must be obeyed, though I feare it
will prove dangerous in the ende. Thus for this tyme ceasing
to trouble your Lordship any further, I end with remembraunce
of my humble dutie.
From Dublyn, the 15th of Marche, 1585.
Your Lordship's alwaies at commaundement,
H. Wallop.
SIR WALTER RALEIGH TO THE EARL OF LEICESTER.
My very good Lorde, you wrote unto me in your laste
letters for pioneers to be sent over, wheruppon I moved her
Maiestye and found her very willing, in so much as order
was given for a commission ; but synce, the matter is stayed, I
know not for what cause. Also according as your Lordship
desired, I spake for one Jukes for the office of Backhow^se,
and the matter well liked. In ought else your Lordship shall
fynde me most assured to my powder to performe all offices of
love, honor, and service towards you. But I have been of
late very pestilent reported in this place to be rather a drawer
back then a furtherer of the action where you govern. Your
Lordshipe doth well understand my affection towards Spayn,
and how I have consumed the best part of my fortune,
hating the tirannous prosperity of that estate, and it were
now straunge and monstrous, that I should become an enemy
to my countrey and conscience. But all that I have desired at
1586.] THE EARL OF ARUNDEL. 291
your Lordshipe's hands is, that you will evermore deale di-
rectly with me in all matters of suspect doubleness, and so
ever esteme as you shall find me deserving good or bad. In
the meane tyme I humbly beseech you lett no poeticall scribe
worke your Lordship by any device to doubt that I am a
hollow or cold servant in the action ; or a meane wellwiller
and follower of your owne, and even so I humbly take my
leave, wishing you all honor and prosperity.
From the Court, the 29th of Marche, 1586.
Your Lordshipe's to do you service,
W. Ralegh.
The Queen is in very good termes with you, and, thanks I
be to God ! well pacified, and you are agayne her sweet Robyn. I
WILLIAM FLETEWOOD TO LORD BURGHLEY.
Upon Tewesday morning, at such time as the Earle of
Arundell's"^ cause was in handeling in the Starre chamber,
myselfe, with others, did sitt at Fynsburie, where we found
my Lord Windsor's ofiice. After that I went into London,
and kept the Sessions there, where we had little to do. At
after noone, went I to Fynsbury againe, and did likewise
keepe the Sessions for Middlesex, where we had not much
ado, but in verie small causes.
Wednesday was spent at the gaoll of Newgate, where we
had little or nothinge to do. The matters there were slender
and of no great importaunce. There were none executed ;
but all the reprieves are referred to the order of my Lords
* Philip Howard, Earl of Arundel^ eldest son of the Duke of Nor-
folk. He had committed various infractions of the laws against the
Catholics, and in the preceding year had endeavoured to escape out
of England, but being taken, after a year's imprisonment, he now re-
ceived judgment, which was, that he should be fined ten thousand
pounds, and should suffer imprisonment during the Queen's pleasure.
u2
•29-2 OXFORD PREACHERS. [mAV,
the Commissioners, for the which cause we receaved letters
from sixe of the Lords.
Thursday was spent by Mr. Wroth and Mr. Yoonge in
perusing the strength and abilitie of the prisoners. Myself
went that day to the Court, by commaundement, where I found
neare fortie of Westminster and the Duchie. Our coming
was for the Marshall Sessions, but it did not holde, and it is
adjourned unto the next day before the next terme.
Upon Friday, a good number of the commissioners for the
sewers sat in Southwarke upon a newe commission, where
we did bestowe a great piece of that day. At after noone,
I sat in commission at Lambeth, with my Lord's grace, where
three Oxford preachers were charged for that they would
have all temporall causes to be decided by the seniors of the
church, and that her Majestic had not to deal in causes ec-
clesiasticall, with such like matters. My Lord Almoner did
beare much with them.
Satterday was by me employed to abbreviate and explaine
a new commission graunted for the relief of the Fleete and
King's Bench, and this I did by the commaundement of my
Lord of Canterbury his Grace. And thus your good Lord-
ship may see that I have not bene idle this present weeke
before Whitsuntide.
My Lord Mayor hath a house at Zelinge, neare Brainford,
where he was robbed. The goods came to Mrs. Gardiner's
howse, whose husband was lately chirographer ; she im-
prisoned the officers in her house, but now she hath made re-
stitution, and is sonie for her misdemeanour.
Your good Lordship, peradventure, may marvell why we
have had so fewe dealings in criminall causes at these our
late Sessions. The reason is this : we have in prison here in
Newgate the most principall thieves of this realme ; we
lacke none but Manneringe, who doth day lie gather into his
societie lewd persons, who committ in all parts of this
realme most daungerous robberies. I heare that the Genner
or Ingen is in your Lordship's custodie, the want wherof
1586.] THE EARL OF SUSSEX. 293
is a great stay of many burglaries. This present Whitson-
day, 1586. From Bacon-house.
Your Lordship's most humblie bounden,
W. Fletevvode.
COTTON MOWGRAVE TO THOMAS RANDOLPH.
My Lord Embassador and my good cousin, I am most
glad to heare of your healthe, as, God be thanked, I left
your wyfe and chyldren, when I came from London, and I
am glad to hear of your returne out of Scotland in healthe.
1 pray you lett your friend see you at his poore house, in
your passage; it is not out of your way; you shall be as
welcome to my house as unto any friend his house in Eng-
land that you have. News I can wryte you none, because
they are thinges I aske not after. God send you well at my
house at Nostill, and from thence, as it shall please God and
you, to London, where there is so many that wold be most glad
to see you, and I to receive some few lynes fi'om you of your
returne, as you passe, and at what tyme, and thus I committ
you to the Lord. The fyrst day of May, 158(5.
Your kynsman and assured friend,
Cotton Mowgrave.
THE EARL OF SUSSEX* TO LORD BURGHLEY.
Right honorable and my very good Lord, purposing now
presently to have gone up to London about diverse great
sutes I have, and being ready to go to-morrow earlie, there
was this afternoon brought me an information of a certaine
mutiny and assembhe to be shortlie practised within this
♦ Sir Henry Ratcliffe, who succeeded to the title of his brother, on
the death of the latter in 1583, and died in 1593. He was captain and
governor of Portsmouth.
•294 PLOT IN HAMPSHIRE DISCOVERED. [jUNE,
shire, and for that both the man who gave me notice hereof,
as also he of whom he hearde the same, are both of good be-
haviour and honest credit, I thought good to stay my coming
up till further examination and triall be made hereof; and
have sent your Honor herin inclosed a coppie of this man's
declaration. In the mean tyme, I have directed out letters
to the justices of the peace in every division to prepare
themselves, and such as be under their charge, to be in a
readynes to suppresse and resist every attempt, and to take
order that their beacons may be for a tyme well guarded with
some horsemen and footmen, to th'ende no lewde persons
sholde be able to attempt the fyring of them uppon any so-
dayne, wherby the countrey should be assembled or brought
together, and also that the constables and other honest men
may watch and have speciall care if any such action should
be conferred or talked of, and to informe the same. I have
forborne to write herein to the whole counsell boarde, unlesse
I had more better proofe therof, least it might make a greater
rumor and speech therof then the case I hope will require,
mynding upon better examination to advertise your Honor
more at large.
From my howse at Beare, going back to Portesmouth, the
4th of June, 1586.
Your Honor's to command to his power,
Sussex.
Postscript. — Synce the wry ting of this letter, I have also
examyned the party who first declared the matter, who doth
agree with the other, as by his declaration also may ap-
pear e.
My Lord, wheras I have a daye of hearing betweene my
Lady my sister-in-lawe and me, uppon Fryday next, I shall
moste hartely require your Lordship to put it off untyll it
be towards th'ende of the terme, consydering the cause of
my present stay, by which tyme I hope there shall be no
further cause for me to stay, and your Lordship will do the
lykc at my other sutes.
1586.] LEICESTER IN HOLLAND. 295
LORD BURGHLEY TO THE EARL OF LEICESTER.
My very good Lord, the sodayn coming to me this after-
noone of Mr. Nicholas Gorge, with declaration of her Ma-
jestie's meaning to send him with speed to your Lordship,
forceth me to scribble a fewe lynes, though I have cause to
wryte very many. What her Majestic wryteth, I know not,
but I hope very comfortably, for so I lately found her Ma-
jesty disposed to allow greatly of your service, howsoever
she had bene in many things sowre, if I may so terme it. At
this presence, uppon the coming of the tresorer and the au-
ditor, her Majestic hath shewed some mislyking of her
charges there, and evill content to heare how more than
nedefull it is to send money thyther.
* * * # #
Your Lordship hath no few causes of grief, as partly ap-
peareth by your Lordship's late letters sent by Mr. Barker to
Mr. Vicechamberlayn, Mr. Secretary, and myself, and in truth
I cannot blame your Lordship either in thynking or writing
hardly of your state, considering the small comfort from hence,
notwithstanding your good desert there, and the good suc-
cesses of your services there. But yet, my good Lord, we
here have more to saye in our defence and purgation, than is
convenient for us to say truly, by removing the fault from
ourselves, and so I hope your Lordship's own ministers here
can declare and express unto your Lordship. For otherwise
truly, for myne own part, if I were not cleare of all fault, I
might ly ve with a conscience tormented. Wherefore, my good
Lord, howsoever your Lordship feeleth cause of much gTiefe,
yet condemn not your frends here, that are not able to remedy
such accidents as are out of their power. Good my Lord,
now that her Majesty is disposed to allow of your honorable
servyces, turn your griefes into comfort, and, in one word,
there is no way so ready to continue her Majestie's good
lyking therof, as to help to abridg her extraordinary charges,
the nature wherof truly doth make here great changes with
her Majesty.
296 THE HAMPSHIRE CONSPIRACY. [jUNE,
I will leave now this humor, and end with the other matter
of our merchants. They complayne grievously of the Hol-
lander's shipps of war that kepeth the ryver of Embden in
such sort, as they can have no trade to Embden, the let
wherof impeacheth their trade, so as they are less able to help
you with money. And truly, my Lord, if you can help that,
and by placard stablish your values of our monyes there, you
shall not want their help with monyes from hence, the carry-
ing wherof thyther is here very evill spoken of, and greatly
mislyked of her Majestic. And as it is here commonly re-
ported, by the over-valuing of our gold there, it is stolen over
thyther, and partly chested up there, or molten and converted
into base gold, and of this here is very lewd speeche by per-
sons malecontent.
*****
8th Junii, 1586.
Your Lordship's at command,
W. BURGHLEY.
THE EARL OF SUSSEX TO LORD BURGHLEY.
It maye please your Honor, whereas I wrote unto you in
my letters of the 4th of June, of th'information I had of a
conspiracie of rysing and tumulte, which shold have bene
putt in execution by fyring of the beacons, you shall under-
stand that the same, uppon prosecution of the matter, doth
manifestly appeare not only to be a rysing and rebellion in
this shire, but also in other shires, as it was in King Ed-
ward's tyme, as by th'examination sent unto your Honors of
the counsell, and my letters therof may more plainlie ap-
peare. I thank God that it was my chaunce to stay two or
three dales longer than I was determyned, for I finde by the
sequell of the matter (as some terme it) there wold have bene
a black and bloody day in Englande, which (I hope) by this
meanes of discovery and foresight is prevented.
1586.] THE HAMPSHIRE CONSPIRACY. 297
I have by letters unto the justices of every division, and
articles delivered unto the constables, and by private speech
and perswasion amongst the yeomen and best farmers, taken
such order (T hope) as if there should be any murmuring or
speech of sturr, the yeomen, farmers, and constables will do
their endeavours to make stay therof, and to cause the parties
to be apprehended, and also give such speedie notice to the
justices of the peace that they shall be suppressed before
they may levy any number for force. I have also written
letters to the Deputie Lieutenants of Sussex, and justices of
peace therC; for the apprehensions of certayne persons in that
shire being of this conspiracie, wishing them also for a more
safetie and defence, to cause their beacons to be for a tyme
the better garded. I have divers of the conspirators and
their confederates taken, of whom some be examyned, and
some not, for that they be brought in hourly, of whom you
view the names in a paper herein inclosed. And so I most
humbly commytt your Honor to God. From Portismowth,
this 13th of June, 1586.
Your Honor's assured to his power,
Sussex.
Postscript. — I presume your Honor will have me in re-
membrance touching my sutes, as I requested your Honor in
my former letters, for the deferring of the dayes of hearing
untill my coming, which is put of uppon this occasion of
service, so that if it cannot be this terme, your Honor wold
defer it till the next terme.
Postscript. — It may please your Honor, I thinke I have
some here in my custodie, for that as yet I have sent none to
gaole, that if they were well wronge, wold disclose by whom
and from whom this originall rebellion did proceede, wherof
J pray your Honor's speedy answer, for that once being in
the gaole they shall not lack counsellors enowe for their pur-
pose, and to advertise how they shall be sent for ; theruppon
1 will commytt the rest to the gaole.
298 THE CONSPIRATORS TRY TO ESCAPE. [jUNE,
THE EARL OF SUSSEX TO LORD BURGHLEY.
My Lord, synce the disappointing of their pretended ' re-
bellion, I am secretly given to imderstande, that some recu-
sants have prepared themselves to flye beyonde sea, and to
carry with them their goods and other matters, who I feare,
by the perswasion of forayne rebells and fugitives, and by
practise of domesticall recusants, have bene privy of this re-
bellious conspiracie. I have so followed this matter, as I
have brought it so to passe, as those which were a counsel!
for conveying of them and their goods over sea, be now by
me and some of my household retynue appointed to be the
apprehenders of them. They knowe none of their names but
one, but there be both gentlemen and gentlewomen to go
over. The barck that sholde carry them over was bought
and rigged here in Portismouth ; but I have talked wdth the
master therof, who is in consort with them that I have sent
in a pynnace, to give them a token when they and their
goods be come aboarde, and then the pynnace to boarde
them. I have also sent out Henry Clerck, a shipp master of
myne owne, in a boat of his owne of thirtie tonnes, with six-
tene or twentie shott, to lye plying up and downe uppon the
seas, wherunto the fugitives mynde to goe, to th'ende if they
shold escape the pynnace uppon the shore, he sholde meete
them at the seas, and by this means I hope to have them all
taken and brought unto me. I have rather chosen to deal
this way by sea, then to seeke to apprehende the knowen
man by landc, for that he being once apprehended, the others
wolde be conveyed away, for such people be overmuch
friended uppon this sea coast, and such letters as they have
of advyse or creditt (if they carry any,) never to come to
light. If this matter shold not fall out according to my ex-
pectation, but that I sholde mysse of them, yet I hope your
' Intended.
1586.] SIR THOMAS CECIL. 299
Honor and the rest wold so make report of my good will for
service, as the best may be thought therof. And if this my
practice for their apprehension take good successe, I have pro-
mised the discoverers and apprehenders a good reward of
suche goods as they shall take with them, which I hope your
Honors will for my creditt's sake, and the recompence of
their service, give me leave to performe. The worst is (if I
should mysse) it is but that so many lewde persons be gone,
which perhapps by friendshipp might have obtayned lycense.
And so I most humbly commyt your Honor to God. From
Portismowth, the 13th of Junii, 1586.
Your Honor's assured to his power,
Sussex.
LORD BURGHLEY TO THE EARL OF LEICESTER.
My very good Lord, tymes do alter matters in all places,
and therefore this forenoone, when Mr. Secretary and I had
taken care for making some instructions for Mr. Aty, wherof
some part tended to declare some thyngs beside her letters
to the counsell of the States from her Majesty, and some part
to yourself, her Majesty mislyked that Mr. Aty should, being
your secretary, impart her pleasure to the States in thyngs
that might concern yourself, and therefore soddenly she gave
Mr. Secretary order to command my son,* who was ready to
take shipping towards Holland, to stay and to be informed
of those matters that concern the speeches to the counsell of
the States, and that he should be directed with those to your
Lordship, and as your Lordship should thynk mete upon pe-
rusal of them, so to direct him in her Majestie's name to
utter the same. And this was the very cause that Mr. Aty
was not employed therin.
* Sir Thomas Cecil, Lord Btirghley's eldest son, now governor of
Brill. He was created by James I. Earl of Exeter.
300 PROCEEDINGS OF THE EARL OF LEICESTER. [jUNE,
I see still her Majestie's disposition very resolute to con-
tinue her first purpose for the defence of that action, and
therin she is with good cause fully persuaded of your Lord-
ship's honorable mynd to prosecute the same to her honour
and surety, but alwayes I fynd two obstacles in her Majesty.
One is, she is very carefull, as a good naturall prynce, al-
though in such a case as this somewhat too scrupulous, to
have her people adventured in fights. The other is, she will
not have any more expended on her part, that she hath
yielded unto, mislyking all extraordinary charges. And
therefore she still calleth on us to wryte ernestly to your
Lordship, that you should now, having that generall autho-
ritie which you have with her good lyking, press and com-
mand that the common collections of the countrey should
answer all manner of charges, to the disburdening of her
Majesty, otherwise than to the sums assented unto. And so
her Majesty doth often repeat that your Lordship hath
wTytten hyther that you wold so do.
By a letter which this daye Mr. Secretary hath gyven my
son, sent out of France fi*om Sir Edward Stafford, to be
showed unto your Lordship, you may see how diligent the
enemyes and their partyners are to disperse news for their
advantages, not regarding how they mixt lyes with truth es.
That which in that letter is most marquable for your Lord-
ship is that of Utrycht, which I doubt not but your Lordship
will regard.
I know no better waye to impeache these excursions of
the Prince of Parma, with his number of soldiors, wherwith
he semeth that he will kepe the field, than by all pollycy to
distress his victell, which enterprise must now be taken in
hand afore harvest. For surely, my Lord, I understand all
the countreys in Flanders and Artoiss are well taken with
corn, and lyke to yield great plenty to serve all the wynter
and spryng following* Surely if the enemy did not thus
avance hymself towardes you there in Holland, by the waye
of Braband, wherby I see your Lordship is forced to kepe
1586.] IRELAND IN QUIETNESS. 301
your strengthcs there also to defend your frontier townes, as
Bommell, Nuiss, Gorcum, and such lyke, your Lordship
might, with a small band of horsmen to be layed at Sluse
and Ostend, compell the towns of Bruges and Gant to revolt,
for I know surely the people there are bent so to do for
want.
I doubt not but Mr. Secretary advertiseth your Lordship
of the state of Scotland, where Mr. Randolph findeth none
better nor more constantly disposed to kepe good amyty with
her Majesty than the Kyng himself. The Lords that were
here banished are, as the Scotts termeth it, somewhat drye,
which I impute to fearfulness. Of them all, the Master of
Glames is most cold, joyning himself strictly with the Secre-
tary agaynst the Master of Gray and Archebald Dowglass,
which two men remayn constant to the Queue's Majestie's
frendshipp.
Out of Spayn we heare that the Kyng's navy, so long pre-
pared to have followed Sir Francis Drake, are newly stayed,
and all other preparations out of Italy.
In Irland all thyngs are quiet, and a number of gentilmen
of Somersett, Devon, Dorsett, Cheshyre, and Lancashyre,
are making themselves to go to Monster, to plant two or
three thousand people mere English there this year, and it
is pretended by them to plant about twenty thousand people
English within a few yeres.
And thus, my good Lord, I beseeche God prosper you, for
his honor, to govern those contryes as yom^ noble heart can
desyre, and 1 beseeche your Lordship to continue my son in
your favor, as he desyreth.
From the Court at Grenewych, ready to pass to London,
the 20th of June, 1586.
Your Lordship's assuredly to my power,
W. BURGHLEY.
302 PREPARATIONS OF THE SPANIARDS. [jUNE,
THE DECLARATION OF B. BLAND, LATELY ARRIVED FROM
SPAINE.*
Tt is reported that the Kinge of Spayne is maliing three
hundreth sayle of shipps, whither I am not able to say, the
reporte is for England or Ireland ; of this I am assured, he
hathe sent for all his captaynes, pilotts, and masters, in all
the whole land of Spayne, to be at his courte of Mathreete,i
by the 1st of May last past, to take their counsaile in this
affaire, for which fleete, as by reporte, there is appoynted
ten galleasses, one hundredth sayle of gallies brought owt of
the straytes, and the rest are of the shipps and barques
made in the contrey. Sixtene sayle of the sayd fleete are
made from Byskie, and the province there ; there is six gi'eate
shipps made readie at St. Sebastians, two in Allareatha, two
in St. Andreas, and six in Castro, with all speed possible to
departe for Lysbon, where the whole fleete are appointed to
meete together. But it is sore suspected by our Englishmen
that are in Spayne, that the King of Spayne goeth about to
make some consort with the King of Scoteland for some
entrance through his land into England. The cause why
we suspecte the Scottishmen so muche is, that before this
time they have not bene accustomed to use any traffick into
that contrey, and now at this present hath bene two Scottishe
shipps in Bilbo, one in Alareda, one in Castro, which hath
bene very well intreated, and in better order than ever we
were at any tyme when we and they had the best peace that
ever we had, saving one that was in Castro, whose name is
George Locker, of the towne of Ayre, and was taken of sus-
picion to be an Englishman, for the which he was greatly
* The rumours of the great preparations making by the King of
Spain, and the surmises as to their destination, began to create much
uneasiness in England, and all intelligence from that quarter was now
received with avidity.
' Madrid.
1586.] PREPARATIONS OF THE SPANIARDS. 303
troubled, and some of his men put to the racke. And after he
had proved himself to be a Scottishman, by wytness of some
of his contreymen that were in Bilbo, he was sett at lyberty,
and appealed to the King, where he had present justice with-
out delay. But on this I dare venture my life, that if ever
the King of Spaine do give any attempt, he will eyther land
his men in Ireland, or Scotland, if he may have leave of the
King of Scotts.
It is most certaine that the King of Spaine hath taken all
his ould souldiers owte of all his holds and fortes, both in
Spaine and Italic, and in all other his dominions, and placed
newe in the same, and the ould to serve in such place as
the King shall appoynte, whither I am not able to saie. But
the Spaniard reports, that if they were landed in England,
they have no dowte of the winning of the land, for that they
are certainly persuaded by letters owte of England, that th'one
halfe of England will take theyr parte, and who the princi-
palis be they knowe, and the token that shall be between
the Spanyarde and them shall be the signe of the Crosse in
their hand ; and by this signe the Spanyarde shall receive
them as good Catholicks. Of this token I was certainly
perswaded by an Irishe priest, that liveth in that contrey,
and hathe bene behelpte by me and divers others Englishmen
owte of the contrey.
I remayned prisoner in Spaine from the last of Maie, 1585,
untill the 13th daie of June, 1586, and was conveyed by some
of my friends abord a shipp of Aire, and arrived in Ayre the
26th of the same monethe, and tooke passage thence to Dub-
lin the 27th of the same, and resided at Dublin the last of
the said June, 1586.
SIR FRANCIS DRAKE TO LORD BURGHLEY.
Right Honorable, having yet in remembrance your Ho-
nor's wish in your last letter, that the receit of my letter
304 SIR FRANCIS DRAKE. [jULY,
which I had written unto your Honor a little before, had
bene dated rather from Cape Venester ' then from Plymouth,
I cannot omytt to give your Honor now to understand that
as we then slacked no possible travel or dilligence which
might any way belong to the handling of so great a dispatch,
so let me assure your good Lordship, that I will make it
most apparent to your Honor, that it skaped us but twelve
hours, the whole treasure which the Kynge of Spayne had
out of the Yndyes this last yere, the cause best knowen to
God. And we had at that instant very fowl weather.
My very good Lord, there is now a very great gappe
opened, very littel to the lyking of the Kynge of Spayne.
God work it all to his glory !
The gentlemen, the bearers herof, have bene actors and
eye- witnesses of all that is passed, and can fully certyfy your
Honor of all particularities better then can be written, for
which cause I thought it most meete to send them, as also
more especially to declare the present estate of our shippes,
munition, and men, being, as I judge, of no small value to
performe any good servise, if her Majestic be offered the oc-
casion of further employment.
It resteth, therefore, in your wysdoms to consyder, and in
lyke sort to directe speedily, what course we have to follow.
And further, I most humbly beseeche your good Lordship
to afford us your honourable good favour, that some moneyes
may be had with some expedition for the present dispatch of
our poorer sort of men, whose travel and long absence desyr-
eth a speedy dispatch. The sum requisite for this dispatch
would be no lesse then sixe thowsand pounds ; and in lieu
thereof, there shall be either by land or sea sent to the Tower,
or where or when your Lordships shall take order, bully on
for it. And so humbly taking my leave of your good Lord-
ship, untill such tyme as your Lordship shall command me
to wait on your Lordship, when I shall give your Lordship
something to understand, I hope in God, to your Lordshippe's
Finisterre.
1586.] SCOTLAND. 305
good lykiiig. From a-bord her Majestie's shippe the Elysa-
beth Benaventure, this 26th July, 1586.
Your Honor's most bounden,
Fra. Drake.
RANDOLPH TO ARCHIBALD DOUGLAS,* PRIOR OF GLASGOW.
Domine, non adhuc sacrosancte, I long to hear how you
have preached to the Carrs, and how far your eloquence can
persuade about the Queen's, my mistress, favorable offer, or
their obedience to the King. It is written or reported to
Mr. Secretary Walsingham, that they are gone to the hills.
If my authority were as great as the Queene of England's is,
then should neither hill nor hold keep them ; but it should be
too hotte for them to remayne in either. When you are sanc-
tified, and in the honourable estate of an ambassador, you
will know more then yet I will either speake or write. Mr.
Secretary is advertised of such doings and alterations lyke
presently to be, as though ten myllions of men were to be
slayne in a day among you. As I see no suche lykelyhoode,
so have I written to the contrary. Look to your own person
that you bring it shortly sacrosanctified into England. Be-
ware of the crafts of the ilrranses and hatred of the Carrs,
for herupon dependeth the state of your welfare, sanctifica-
tion, or reprobation. As notable a piece of knavery hath
bene of late wrote agaynst my sanctitie in esse and yours in
propinquo, as any cunning knave in Scotland could ever have
wrought.
I have sent the Kynge two hunting men, verie good and
skilfuU, with one footman, that can hoop, hollow, and crye,
that all the trees in Fawkland will quake for feare. Pray the
Kynge's majestic to be mercifull to the poor bucks; but let
* Cousin to the Regent Morton. He was soon after this employed
as ambassador resident in England.
VOL. II. X
306 babington's conspiracy. [aug.
him spare and look well to himself. At Newcastle, the 5th
of August, 1586.
Your Lordship's to command,
Tho. Randolph.
LORD BURGHLEY TO THE EARL OF LEICESTER.
(Extract.)
# * # *
I thynk, by the accompt of Englishmen of late months
past out of this realme, there are besyde the Queue's own
army, above sixe thousand footemen, so as if your Lordship
may have wherwith to pay them, I wold thynk your Lord-
ships shold be able so to kepe the field, as the Prince of
Parma shold not be able to continue any siege to any town of
strength, being also well manned. And surely, my Lord,
without you shall be able to kepe the field, there is no town
so strong but the Prynce with his battery will wyn it.
I am very glad that the town of Anell serveth to so good
a purpose. I am sure, if the Prince did not follow these
sieges in Gelderland, &c. your Lordship wold advance some
horsement to Sluse and Ostend, to spoyle the countreys about
Bruges and Gant, which also wold make them revolt.
Now, my Lord, I dowt not but Mr. Secretary doth at large
acquaint you with the discovery of the late traytorous con-
spyracies, the authors wherof as far forth as we do esteem,
we have, saving only two, Thom. Salisbury and Edw. Abyn-
don, both which are fled, but pursued.
My Lord Chancellor and I are here continuing at London
dayly occupyed, first in procuring their apprehension, and
now in examyning, &c. And so, my good Lord, being m'ged
with a weak gouty right-hand to leave wryting, I pray your
Lordship to accept these lynes so evill scribled in good part.
From my house at Strond, 18th of Aug. 1586.
Your Lordship's most assured,
W. BURGHLEY.
1586.] FOTHERINGAY CASTLE. 307
SIR WALTER MILDMAY TO LORD BURGHLEY.
It may please your good Lordship, the day after I writt to
your Lordship, Sir Amias Poulet * sent Mr. Darrell to me,
who hath very diligently reviewed the state of Fotheringay
Castle, t and considered of all other things touching the pro-
visions. This morning he is returned to Sir Amias, to make
report of his doings, wherof I think he will advertise your
Lordship, and thereupon as your Lordship shall resolve, so
will I be ready to do anything that may be in me for the
furtherance of her Majestie's service. Untill which tyme
I will trouble your Lordship no longer, but expect what
your finall resolutions shall be herin, and so humblie com-
mend your Lordship to the mercyfull protection of the
* Who had the custody of the Queen of Scots.
t The conspiracy mentioned by Lord Burghley in the preceding
page, was the dangerous and celebrated plot which cost Mary her
life. She was to all intents and purposes the principal in this con-
spiracy, the object of which was to murder Queen Elizabeth and her
principal councillors, to raise the papists, and let in the Spaniards, and
the end would have been what the Earl of Sussex terms on another occa-
sion, " a black and bloody day in England." The plot was betrayed to
Walsingham, and the letters of the conspirators and of Mary herself
intercepted, many of which are preserved, and show clearly that the
vast preparations of the Spaniards were connected with it, and that
they were much disconcerted by its discovery. By one of Mary's
letters in the Museum, it appears that the Spaniards were to be ready
for the invasion of England in concert with the explosion of her plot,
during the same August it was discovered, so that it is by no means
improbable that the Spanish fleet which we shall shortly hear of on the
coast of France, had some connexion with it A very clear account
of the plot is given by Camden. The Queen of Scots, after her papers,
&c. had been seized, was taken to Fotheringay Castle, in North-
amptonshire, which at the time of this letter was preparhig for her
reception.
X 2
308 ILL MAY DAY. [SEPT.
Lord Almighty, From Altliorp,* the second of September.
1586.
Yom* good Lordship's ever to command,
Wa. Mildmay.
RECORDER FLETEWOOD TO LORD BURGHLEY.
Right honourable and my singular good Lord, this pre-
sent daie, from two of the clocke untill six, my Lord Maior
with some of his brethren, th' Aldermen, and myselfe, dyd
examyne certaine apprentices for conspiring an insurrection
in this cittie against the Frenche and Dutche, but speciallie
against the Frenche, all things as lyke unto Yll May Daye,t
as could be devised in all manner of cyrcumstances, mutatis
mutandis ; they wanted nothing but execution. We have
taken fyve, all of an age, yet all under 21, four of thera Dar-
bishire borne, the fyfte borne in Norhamshire. We are
searching and seeking for the principall captayne. We hope
we shall heare of him this present night, for he hath bene
working all this day in the Whyt Hall at Westminster, and
at his coming home we trust to have him. We have this
night sett a standing watche armed from nyne untill seven in
the morninge, and do meane to contynue the same so long as
it shall be thought convenient unto your Honor, and the
resydue of my Lords.
Mr. Alderman Woodcocke, who marryed the wydowe of
Mr. Lanyson, shall be buried uppon Mondaye next. Sir
Rowland Hay ward is extreme sicke, and greatly distressed ;
(our Lord comfort him !) ; my Ladie his wife is likewise verie
sicke.
* Sir Walter's seat, in Northamptonshire.
t The bloody insurrection against the strangers by the apprentices
of London, on the first of May, 1517, in the reign of Henry the Eighth,
was thus designated. A detailed account of it will be found in all the
old chronicles. It was long preserved in remembrance by a ballad
bawled about the streets, of which copies are still preserved.
1586.] LONDON APPRENTICES. 309
This night Mr. Attorney Generall sent his man unto me to
sett my hand and seale unto a warrant to summon a quest
of enquirie to appeare to-morrow at Westminster Hall. The
citizens, when they shall heare of it, will lyke thereof verie
well, for they all crye owt that justice may be done uppon
those traitors.*
The foresaid apprentices, being of the mysterie of plas-
terers, are commytted unto Newgate uppon the Queue's
Highnes' and her counsell's comandement, where they are
lyke to remayne, untyll they be delivered by speciall war-
rant. Here is presentlie no other thing worth ie of writing.
Wherefore I beseech God to preserve first her Majestic, and
then your Lordship, from all those traitors and such other
wicked people.
From the Guylde Hall, this present Tewesdaie, the sixt
of September, at seven of the clocke in the eveninge, 1586.
Your Lordship's most humblie bounden,
W. Fletewode.
At the sending away of my man this Weddensday morn-
ing, all the bells of London do ring for joye, that, upon the
7th of this monethe, being as this dale, Ao. 25, H. 8,t her
Grace was borne. There will be this dale but specially
great feastings at supper. I have been bidden owt this night
to supper in six or seven places.
THE MASTER OF GRAY J TO ARCHIBALD DOUGLAS. §
Sir, because I am shortly to send Roger with his Majestie's
letters to you, I will not write at length. Ye do evil that
* The persons concerned in Babington's conspiracy.
t The 7th of September, 1533.
§ Now ambassador in England.
:{: This person, already so often mentioned as acting a prominent
part in the Scottish affairs, was Patrick Gray, eldest son of Patrick,
sixth Lord Gray of Scotland, by a daughter of Patrick, Lord Ruth-
310 babington's conspiracy. [sept.
taxis the Secretary with any matter by letter to his Majestic ;
for sic dealing of necessitie must nedis have good men and
wel-willers to comment on, or than evil-willers makis evil
constructions. His Majestic by Roger is to wryte to the
Queue congratulatorie, to my Lord Leicester and Sir Francis,
I believe to the Tresaurer, so he has promissit to me. As
for the first part touching the conspiracie, I cannot now write
at length, bot diferris it til I send Roger ; yet this far I adver-
tis you, that the King is wel willit in all thingis as ye left
him, and verie glade of the discoverie of this mater. But his
opinion is that it cannot stand with his honour, that he be a
conscnter to tak his mother's lyfe, bot he is content how
strictly she be keipit, and all her auld knaifish servantis
heingit,' chiefly they who be in handis. For this you must
deal verie warely to eschue inconvenientis, seeing necessitie
of all honest men's affairs requiris that she war out of the
way. I committis you to God. From Dumf. this 8th of
September, 1586.
Your affectionate friend,
Master of Gray.
THE MAYOR AND SEARCHER OF RYE TO LORD COBHAM.
It may please your Honor, that uppon Sunday last past,
being the fourth of this moneth, came over John Baptista
Helman, and Samuell Daniell, servante unto my Lorde Staf-
ford, her Majestie's embassadour in France, and in their
company one that said his name was Julio Marino, an Italian,
but it is said his name is Renney, and a poysoner, servaunte
unto the Quene-Mother. This man, it is now informed us?
yen. He was appointed by King James, chief gentleman of his bed-
chamber, master of his wardrobe, and commendator of the monastry
of Dunfermline. He was employed more than once as ambassador to
the Queen of England. He became Lord Gray in 1609, and died in
1612.
' Hanged.
1586.] APPREHENSIONS OF A SPANISH INVASION. 311
since his departure, by the Frenche, that he poysoned the
olde Quene of Navar.
Such persons are greatlie to be feared, and therefore, ac-
cording to our duties, we have sent this expresse messenger
t'advertise your Honor therof, as the partie may be looked
unto. Thus we commytt your Honour unto God. From Rye,
the 9th of September.
Your Honor's most humble to be commaunded,
Thomas Adolphe, Maior.
Hen. Gaymer.
THE EARL OF SUSSEX TO LORD BURGHLEY.
It may please your Honor, uppon the receipt of your
Honor's letters of the counsell of the 8th of this instant, wherby
I was advertised of th'arrivall of the Spanishe fleete in
Fraunce, and of some suspicion to be had of their invasion
into Englande, I thought good, besides my generall aun-
swer to my Lords of the Counsell's letters, to write particu-
larlie unto your Honor, touching the readynesse of the
countrey that they might be able to withstande any sodayne
attempt, although it be not in such state as I could wishe,
by reason that my Lord Marquis and I have not yet mett to-
gether, (as I certified your Honor in my former letters of the
7th of this instant,) yet have we taken such order with the
justices of the peace of every division of this shire, to muster,
view, and certify the number of men both trayned and un-
trayned, and given warning that they sholde be in readynesse
uppon any occasion of service, and the like view to be
taken of the demi-launces and light horsemen, as I trust the
countrey will be in a reasonable good forwardnes, the defect
wherof shall be amended at our next meeting and conference,
if not in the mean tyme, and if there shall be any lett or de-
fect therin, it will proceede from your Honors, for that we
be neyther from you directed how we shall proceede, neyther
312 APPEARANCE OF A SPANISH FLEET. [sEPT.
do we know or can agree what will be best. Wheras your
Honors of the counsell wrote that certaine skyfFes and small
boates sholde be prepared and sent forthe for discoverie,
your Honor shall understande, that I have prepared a barck,
which by God's grace shall sett saile owt of this harbour this
night or to-morrow morning betymes, which shall awayte
contynuallie whither the fleet goeth, and bring intelligences
therof, as wynde and weather will permitt, and if it so hap-
pen by reason of contrarie wyndes they may not put in,
then have I taken order with them, that by a certaine signe
of fyre made in the shipp I shall understande their whole in-
tent and purpose.
I doubt not but as wynde and weather will serve to have
good intelligences from tyme to tyme of the fleete by this
barck, which as I receive I will advertise your Honor of.
I wrote unto your Honors of the counsell and to your Lord-
ship parlicularlie in my last letters, for certaine necessaries to
be presentlie sent downe to Portismowthe, wherof I have as
yet received no aunswer, and the necessitie of those thinges
is verie great, speciallie of the armorers and things pertayning
to the armory, the fyre works and things necessarie for
them, and also for small shott and for the ordynance ; I have
bulwarcks and places enow to plant ordynance in, but I
have no ordynance, and so the place for the want therof
standeth verie naked and ungardable. Yet hath my lieute-
nant planted for defence all the ordynances he could borrow :
wherfore I pray your Honor to be a meanes that these things
maie be speedilie sent downe as the necessitie of the case
requireth. And even so not doubting of yom- Honor's speciall
furtheraunce in all these causes, I most humblie commytt your
Honor to God.
From Portismowthe, this 10th of September, 1586.
Postscript. — After the writing herof I received your
Honor's letter of the 10th of this instant, by my man, wherby
I perceivethat my man delivering my letter forgat the deliver-
ing of the memoriall, who was only willed to deliver it unto
1586.] THE liOVV COUNTRIES. 313
yourself, praying your Honor to beare with his negligence
therin : giving your Honor most hartie thankes uppon the
sight therof for the speedie acquainting their Honors therwith,
wherby I hope the sooner to have supplie for all necessaries.
As I mynde to staye the proceeding with the cittadell for this
point, so am I carefull to fortify for defence of sodayne, wheiin
I have great lack of Peerse the engineer, for that neyther is
that accomplished which sholde have bene fynyshed, neyther
yet will the charges of the estimate come neere the perfor-
mances therof; neverthelesse I will proceede therin as w^ell
for safetie and defence, as also the same to be orderlie done
with least charge, to the best of my skill, I most humblie
thank your Honor that you will procure the warrants for
300 labourers, whom I hope to employ as occasion shall
serve, as they shall not only serve the towne for labourers, but
also for defence, and so both turnes to be served with one
charge. If your Honor can procure the fynding of a pyn-
nasse here, it will be much for her Majestie's service, for that
I fynde whole fleets will rather vayle to one of the Queue's
Majestie's than to twenty others. Thus resting at your Honor's
commandement, with my most humble thankes, I commytt
your Honor to God.
Your Honor's most humbly to command,
Sussex.
LORD BURGHLEY TO THE EARL OF LEICESTER.
My very good Lord, Mr. Wylkes is come, wherby her
Majesty falleth into consideration of the state of those coun-
tryes, which surely requireth no small consultation. The
let wherof is at this tyme more than is convenient, that we
of the counsell are thoroughly occupyed, some at London,
some here, and some abrode, to deale partly in tryall of
traytors, in searching for more, in looking to the sea-coastes
\
314 COMMISSION FOR MARY's TRIAL. [SEPT.
to withstand the landing of certain Spanish shippes of war
which are come to Brest ; but as yet we know not to what
end. Some thynk they come to have bene in readyness to
have landed in ayde of this late conspyracy intended, some
to joyne with the French for recovery of Rochell. Within a
few dayes we shall see what they meane.
I understood your Lordship did secretly stay amongst
others my son from going to the assalt of Dewsberegh.* I
do thank your Lordship therfor, although I can be content
that both he and I shold spend our lyves for the Quene and
our contrye, but I wish it in a matter of more moment ; and
yet I judg the wynning of that town very necessary as the
tyme was, but most of all if therby Zutphan might be gotten,
which I thynk must be by peril of famine.
The Quene of Scotts is lykely to come to Fodrynghay
Castel the 27th hereof, and I thynk a number of the coun-
sellors and others of the nobilitie shall have commission,t
according to the late statute 27°, to heare and judg her cause
there, so as in the next Parlement, to begyn uppon a new
summons the 15th of October, furder order may be taken
with that Quene, according to part of her deserts. Your
Lordship and I were very great motes in the tray tors' eies,
* The English army came before Dowsborough on the 30th of
August, and the place surrendered on the 2nd of September. In this
siege the Earl of Leicester narrowly escaped being killed by a cannon-
shot, which wounded the Lord Marshall, Sir William Pelham.
t The commissioners for the trial of the Queen of Scots were, the
Archbishop of Canterbury, the Lord Chancellor, Lord Burghley, the
Marques of Winchester, the Earls of Oxford, Shrewsbury, Kent,
Derby, Worcester, Rutland, Warwick, Pembroke, Leicester, Lincoln,
Viscount Montague, Lords Howard, Hunsdon, Abergavenny, Zouch,
Morley, Cobham, Stafford, Grey of Wilton, Lumley, Sturton, Sands,
Wentworth, Mordaunt, St. John of Bletso, Buckhurst, Compton,
Cheiney, Sir Francis Knollys, Sir James Crofts, Sir Christopher Hatton,
Sir Francis Walsingham, Secretary Davison, Sir Ralph Sadler, Sir
Walter Mildmay, Sir Amias Poulet, Secretary WoUey, Judges Wray,
Anderson, Manwood, Gawdy, and Periam.
1586.] babington's conspiracy. 315
for your Lordship there and I here shold fyrst about one
tyme have bene kylled. Of your Lordship they thought
rather of poysoning than slaying. After we two gone, they /
purposed her Majestie's death. But God, our defender,/
hath graciously prevented their mallyce, and I hope will'
continue his favor to make voyd the reliques of their
mallyce.
I will not fayle but remember your Lordship's reasonable
sute for the forfeyted lease of SaUsbury at Denbigh, being
the land your Lordship
I can write no more at this tyme, wishing to heare some
comfortable news of Berk,* either of freedom from the siege,
or reasonable composition for our people there.
From Wyndsor, 15th of Sept. 1586.
Your Lordship's most assuredly,
W. BURGHLEY.
Seaburo, the Spanyard, hath bene ready this month to be
sent to your Lordship, and so I told Mr. Dudley three weeks
past.
THE MASTER OF GRAY TO ARCH. DOUGLAS.
My Lord, I resavit your letter the 28th, datit the 21st.
His Majestic is very well content with all your proceedings,
but chiefly touching his boukis' and hunting horses. I pray
you negotiate so well that ye fail not to eifectuate substan-
tially that point. As for his mother, his command is, you do
as he gave your nephew Richard instruction. I can assure
you he is content the law go forwart, her life being save, and
would gladely wysh that all foraine princes should know how
evi] she has usit herself towardes the Queue's Majestic there,
* The Prince of Parma had laid siege to this town in August.
♦ Bucks.
316 BATTLE OF ZUTPHEN. [oCT.
and that she resavis favour through her clemencie. I com-
mit your Lordship to God.
From Falkland, this 29th of September, 1586.
Yom' Lordship's as is awin,
Master of Gray.
SIR W. STANLEY TO THE EARL OF LEICESTER.*
I thought it my dutie to make knowen to your Excellencie,
in the absence of the Lord Marshall, of such service as hap-
* The siege of Zutphen, which was commenced on the 13th of Sep-
tember, will be ever famous for the death of Sir Philip Sydney. The
present letter gives us a brief account of one of the many gallant ex-
ploits performed there by our countrymen. It was in a severe en-
gagement, on the 22nd of September, that Sir Philip Sydney fell.
" The 22nd of September," says Stowe, " was the most brave fight
performed of our side that could be. The enemy this night put into
Suthfield (Zutphen) some hundred wagons with victuals, which being
perceived, streightwayes Sir William Stanley went with his own com-
pany, which were some 200, to stand as a bascado. Sir John Norris
overtooke him, being sent to the service, and said to Sir W. Stanley,
* There hath bene,' said he, ' some words of displeasure betweene you
and me, but let all passe, for this day we both are employed to serve
her Majestic ; let us be friends, and let us die together in her Ma-
jestie's cause.' Quoth Sir W. Stanley, ' If you see me not this day,
by God's grace, serve my prince with a valiant and faithful courage,
account me for ever a coward, and if neede be I will die by you in
friendshippe.' Thus the long quarrell, begunne in Ireland, was here
ended with such friendship as made all men rejoice ; both of them
served so forwardly this day, that the one could not tell much how to
commend the other, only the one served with footemen, the other with
horse. Sir W. Stanley marched with his footemen, but the enemy was
come to the church where our men had at the first placed themselves.
There was of the enemy 2,200 muskets and 800 pikes, which were
enow to gard the place of their refuge, to wit, the intrenched church.
The Lord Audley, with some hundred and fiftie men, by great suite
made to his Excellency, attained at length to goe, who made so great
haste, that he overtokc Sir William Stanley ere the skirmish began.
158G.] BATTLE OF ZUTPHEN. 317
pened to us since his departure to Deventour. Wednesday,
being the 19th of this month, the enemie sallied out of the
towne to the number of 3000, and entred into our old
which was hot, but the Lord Audley and Sir William Stanley, not
liking the hot volies of musket shot, pressed neare the enemy, and
themselves at the push of their pike with their men, put the whole
company to retreat to the hold, which done, they retired a little back
out of the musket shot, and there made a stand. The Earle of Essex,
lord generall of the horse, the Lord Willoughby, Sir William Russell,
and Sir John Norris, with their cornets, came to charge the enemy.
There were of the enemy fifteen cornets, of which five or six were
Albanoys, the rest were Spaniards or Italians. The Albanoys issued,
which our men charged so furiously, that it was thought at the first
shock there were a thirtie or fortie of the enemies overthrowne ; then
our men went to the curtelax, which they so furiously plyed, that the
enemy, after some three-quarters of an houre, retreated to their pikes,
losing of foote and horsemen, as the prisoners since taken confesse,
besides hurt, an hundred men of their bravest, amongst which was
the County Anoaball, also Captaine George, the commander of all the
Albanoyses, was taken prisoner, besides neare twentie commaunders,
some captaines, some ensigne-bearers, lieutenants, and other officers.
But to Sir John Norris he gave the first charge, who, with his pistol
in his hand, offered to discharge it on a brave man, but his pistol
would not go off", which he Sv eing, stroke it on the head of his enemie
and overthrew him. The Lord Willoughby, with his launce in his
rest, met Captayne George and unhorsed him, so that he fell into a
ditch, and cryed to the Lord Willoughby, ' I yield your prisoner, for
that you be a seemely knight;' (this he spoke in French ;) the Lord
Willoughby came not to take prisoners, but passed on with his curte-
lax in his hand, and his whole cornet after so furiously, that it was
wonder to see j the Lord Willoughby was so forward that often times,
but twise especially, he was like to be taken prisoner, his basses> were
pulled off" from him, but rescued by our side. When the skirmish
was done, and all retreated. Captain George being in his Excellencie's
tent, would not graunt to be prisoner to any but to him who unhorsed
him, whom he knew if he saw him in his armour. The Lord Wil.
loughby came in armed. ' This is the knight that I am prisoner to,
and I yield to him,' said he ; so the Lord Willoughby had the pri-
soner adjudged to be his. The 3. the Earle of Essex, charged with
318 BATTLE OF ZUTPHEN. [oCT.
trenche, and came on with great fury to our new work at the
bridge end, and by good happ I was coming over at that in-
stant, not being above 300 men in our new skonce, but God
and we put them to retyre, and yet they gave two fresh
charges with great fiiry, but we put them in the end to retyre
on heapes, with the losse of fewe. They retyred to their
olde skonce, where in like manner with Captain Parker, Sir
Edward Stanley, and my kerne, we put them to the towne
gates. Our horsemen had the killing of their footemen into
their gates. Captain Parker did shewe such valour in that
chardge, as they thought him more than a man, and had but
only two killed in that charge.
And thus, most humbly commending my service to your
Excellencie, and praying to God for your happie estate, I
his cornetj who so encouraged his men, * For the honor of England/
said he, ' my fellows follow me/ and with that he threw his launce in
his rest, and overthrew the first man, and with his curtelax so behaved
himselfe that it was wonder to see. Sir William Russell, with his cornet,
charged so terribly, that after he had broke his lance, he with his
curtelax so plaid his part, that the enemy reported him to be a devil,
and not a man, for where he saw six or seven of the enemies together,
thither woulde he, and so behaved himself with his curtelax, that he
woulde separate their friendship. Amongst the rest. Sir Philip Sidney
so behaved himself that it was wonder to see, for he charged the
enemy thrise in one skirmish, and in the last charge he was shott
through the thigh, to the great grief of his Excellencie and the whole
campe, who being brought to my lord-lieutenant, his Excellencie
said, * O Philip, I am sorry for thy hurt / and Sir Philip answered,
^ O my Lord, this have I done to do your Honour and her Majestie
servise.' Sir William Russell coming to him, kissed his hand, and
said with teares, ^ O noble Sir Philip, there was never man attayned
hurt more honorably than ye have done, nor any served like unto
you.' He was conveyed to Arnam, where he continued till his ende
in such kinde of godly behaviour, that both the preacher did wonder
at it, and the chirurgions did admire, the one seeing his wise godli-
nesse, the other his valiant courage, with patience to abide all kinde
of paines."
1586.] TRIAL OF MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS. 319
take leave. At the campe of Sutphen, the 20th of October,
1586.
Your Excellencie's most faithful for ever,
W. Stanley.
SIR FRANCIS WALSINGHAM TO SIR EDWARD STAFFORD.
Sir, the principall cause of this dispatch unto you is to
make you acquainted with our proceedings here in the Scot-
tish Queue's cause, since the departure of Mr. Wotton. And
therefore you shall understand, that upon the 11th of this
month the comissioners came to Foderinghay, and began
the assembly there on the 12th, at which tyme some of the
comissioners were chosen out to repaire unto the Scottish
Queene to let her understand the occasion of our coming
thither, and to signify unto her, that according to her Ma-
jestie's letters written to herself, and the direction given to
us, we were ready to heare what she would answer to such
matters as she was to be charged with. Hereunto she then
alledged, first, that she was an absolute princesse, and there-
fore exempted from answering to the lawes of any other
country, secondly, that she wanted counsell to answer for
her, she herself being altogether ignorant in our lawes. And
in these termes she stood, both that day and the next day
following, which was the 13th. But in th'end, when it w^as
shewed unto her both by the judges of this realme, and by
certayn learned in the civil lawe, that for her first pointe, her
prerogative of being an absolute Queene could not in this case
serve her for a privilege against the lawes of this realme, but
that all persons, of what high calling soever, remayning in
other princes' domynions, and commytting an offence against
the said prince, were subject to the lawes of the place
where the offence was committed ; and that touching
the second pointe, forasmuch as it was a matter de
facto, and not de jure, and altogether concerned a cri-
320 TRIAL 01- MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS. [oCT.
minall cause, she neither needed nor ought to be al-
lowed counsail in the answering thereof. She was at
length contented to appear and answer before the com-
missioners, and so both on the 14th and 15th came forth
publiquely into the place appointed for that purpose; and
there, not supposing to have had the matter so plainly and
directly proved against her, as it was as well by Babington's
examination as her own secretary's voluntary confessions,
and divers other circumstances wherewith Mr. Wotton hath
already acquainted you, she had in the ende and in effect no
other defence to alledge for herself, but only a bare and
naked deniall. And after we had heard all that she could say,
it was thought convenient, in respect the matter touched a per-
son of her qualitie, to dismisse the assembly there, and to
adjourn the commission until the 25th, to the end, in the
meantyme, the matter might be more advisedly and deli-
berately considered of. At which day the commissioners
mett againe in the Starre-chamber, and there, after a re-
petition made by the Queue's learned counsaile of that
which had passed before in this matter, the Scottish Queue's
two secretaries were brought forth before the Lords, and
openly affirmed as much viva voce as they had before de-
posed in writing, which brought a great satisfaction to all
the commissioners, inasmuch that albeit some of them, as
you knowe, stood well affected to her, yet considering the
playnnes and evidence of the proofs, every one of them*
after this gave their sentence against her, fynding her not
only accessary and privy to the conspiracy, but also an
imaginer and compasser of her Majestie's destruction.
Abowt two dayes before our last asssembly at the Starre-
chamber, the Frenche ambassador being denied audience
here, wrote a letter to her Majestic for the staying of our pro-
ceedings against the Scottish Queue ; but it Avas answered by
* To understand the importance of this circumstance, the list of
commissioners given in the note, at p. 314., of this volume, must be
kept in mind.
1586.] GREAT VICTORY IN IRELAND. 3*21
her Majestie that it was not convenient to stay the pro-
ceedings, and hoped that the King his master would not be an
intercessor in that behalf, and if he should, she could not but
take it unkindly at his hands.
And where there hath been an uncertain report spreade
abrode touching a conflict happened the 22nd of September,
betwene the Englishe and Spanishe troupes neare unto Zut-
phen, wherein it hath bene given out that the Spaniards had
the better, I have thought good to send you here enclosed
a copie of the reporte which I receyved from the Lord Wil-
loughby touching the truth and manner of that conflict.
Upon the same 22nd day of September, Sir Richard Bing-
ham obtayned a notable victory in Irelande, against the Scotts
in Connaught, who with the helpe of some Irishe rebelles in-
vaded that province. But Sir Richard being accompanied
only with four hundred footmen and one hundred horsemen,
marched against them, and put one thousand six hundred of
them to the sworde, which is the greatest overthrowe that
hath bene given in Ireland these many yeres, and must
needes bring a wonderfull quietnes to all that country.*
The parliament beginneth at Westmynster the 30th of
this present. And so praying you to communicate the con-
tents of this letter with Mr. Wootton, I bidd you hartely
farewell. From Barn-Elms, the 27th of October, 1586.
Your assured loving frende,
Fra. Walsyngham.
W. DAVISON TO THE EARL OF LEICESTER.
My singular good Lord, her Majestie was so much afflicted
with sorrow when she dispatched Mr. Gorge, for the loss of
her deare servant, and your Lordship's dearest nephew, Sir
* See for a full account of this affair Stowes' Chronicle in this year.
VOL. II. Y
322 THE GOVERNMENT OF HOLLAND. [nOV.
Philip Sidney,* as she forgatt to touch some things in those
her letters, which since it hath pleased her I should remem-
ber unto you. One is the care she hath that, before your
Lordship's retume thence, you should take such provident
order for the settling of that government in your absence, as
may be most for the surety of the cause and her own par-
ticular service ; wherin, because she doubteth how it may
stand with the one or other, that the government 7nartiall
should be commytted to any one of her servants there, and
the civill left to the disposition of the estates, (a thing bruted
here,) she would wish, notwithstanding the leave she hath
by her letters given your Lordship to returne when you think
good, that if your health may permytt it, you should in any
wise stay the arryval of my Lord Gray, whom her Majesty
promiseth very faithfully, and is resolved to dispatch thither
with all th'expedition that may be for your releasement.
The reasons that move her Majestic herin, amongst others,
are the doubt she hath of any sound correspondence betwixt
these different governors and governments, civill and mar-
tiall, in the hands of persons which, perhaps, may have
different respects, ends, and affections, the emulation and
faction that may grow amongst her own servants, if one, as
Sir William Pelham or Sir John Norrys, be prefeiTcd before
the other, and inconvenient otherwise in case they should be
both conjoined together, considering how rare a thing it is
to fynd colleagues and company es in authority soundly to
agree together. Though of the two, her Majestic would lyke
best of the latter way, if you find it so expedient. The dan-
ger may otherwise grow to her service if the charge of these
things should be left to any stranger, as to the Count
Maurice, as well in regard of his general pretention and par-
ticular interest to the towne of Flushing, as the bad disposi-
* 3ir Philip died of his wound on the 15th of October. His body-
was brought to London, where it arrived on the 5th of November,
and was buried with great splendour.
1586.] LORD WILLOUGHBY. 323
tion and offices of some ill-affected to her service, which of
late have wholly guided and possessed him. Besides, other
perills may growe to the common cause by your absence, if
things be not all the better and more seasonably provided for.
Another thing, and not the least, is her Majestie's particular
care of the state of Flushing, which the love and respect of
your Lordship's deare nephew hath hitherto kept, as she con-
fesseth, in the better devotion towards her, and because she
feareth his loss in that behalf may be followed with some
notable dishonor and prejudice to her service, if your Lord-
ship should not take all the better order before your coming
thence ; her Majestic hath thought it very expedient that you
commend the charge therof to the Lord Willoughby, as a
gentleman, for his calling, valour, and fashion, agreeable to
the humor of that people, very fitt for it, if your Lordship
fynd no other cause to the contrary than she is yet acquainted
with. And thus much her Highnes' pleasure is I should
signify to your Lordship in her name, wherwith 1 will re-
commend your Lordship to the protection of the Almighty,
and so most humbly take my leave. At the Courte at Rich-
mond, this 4th of November, 1586.
Your Lordship's humbly at commandement,
W. Davison, Seer.
Your Lordship's presence here were more than needful for
the great cause* now in hand, which is feared will receave a
colder proceeding then may stand with the surety of her
Majestic and necessitie of our shaken estate.
SIR FRANCIS WALSINGHAM TO THE EARL OF LEICESTER.
I humbly beseeche your Lordship that this bearer may re-
ceive your honourable assistance in the recovery of such
imprests as have bene made by his late master unto such as
* The trial of the Queen of Scots.
Y 2
3*24 SIR PHILIP Sydney's debts. [nov
served under him. Sir Philip hath left a great number of
poor creditors.* What order he hath taken by his wyll for
their satisfaction I knowe not. It is true, that immediately
after the deathe of his father, he sent me a letter of attorney
for the sale of such portion of lande as might content his
creditors, wherin there was nothing done before his deathe.
I have payde, and must paye, for hym above 6000/., w^hich I
do assure your Lordship hath brought me into a most harde
and desperate state, which I weigh nothing in respect of the
losse of the gentleman, who was my chiefe worldly comforte.
Sorry I am to take any occasion to revy ve the memory of him
to the renewing of your Lordship's griefe, for the which I
praye pardon. And so I most humbly take my leave. At
Barne-Ealmes, the 5th of November, 1586.
Your Lordship's to command,
Fra. Walsyngham.
LORD BURLEIGH TO THE EARL OF LEICESTER.
My very good Lord, this gentleman, Mr. Gorge, cometh
thitherward with such hast, as I have no lesure to wryte as
otherwise I wold, but briefly I have, according to your Lord-
ship's late letter, moved her Majestic for your Lordship's
lycence to return, wherto her Majestic is of herself very
willing, as well for the desyre she hath to see your Lordship,
as for the dowt she also hath that this wynter season you
might fall into some sycknes, but yet herewith she is also
very carefull how those countries may be governed, without
harm to the public cause, and how her own army, consysting
of her people, might also be ruled and directed, of both
which, though her Majestic hath had some kynd of speeches,
yet she myndeth not to make any resolution but by your
Lordship's advyse. Yet for the government of her army, I
* Another letter of Walsingham to Leicester on the subject of Sir
Philip Sydney's debts, is printed in Ellis, vol. iii. p. U.
1586.] GOVERNMENT OF HOLLAND. 325
perceave she will lay the charge uppon my Lord Gray,
who will shun it, I am sure, as much as he may, and yet I
have perswaded her Majestic to encoradg hym, with remis-
sion of an Irish debt that in conscience he ought not to
paye.
I told Mr. Gorge by speeche, that seeing there is treasure
sent over, wherof your Lordship had no knolledg at your
late wryting, I wold wish your Lordship to see the same or
the greater part issued out, where is most nede, but specially
to make full payes to some day certain. For the government
of the country there in your Lordship's absence, we here can-
not gyve advyse, but considering your Lordship's great ex-
perience there, whatsoever your Lordship shall declare to be
mete, 1 will assent therto, and by my advyse to her Majestic
furder it as reason is. Some spoke of naming Count Mor-
rice to be governor, alone in your absence, and as to have
the rule under your Lordship ; some wish that the Count
Morrice should be joyned with the Lord Graye. The
Queue's Majestic wold that it was in the States' direction
agayn, as it was before they remitted it to yom' Lordship,
with the direction of Lord Gray, as lieutenant of her army ;
but surely I feare greatly the success hereof, for the generall
evill opinion conceaved, both by the people and the men of
warr, agaynst the particular persons representing the States,
except there might be a new election by the severall pro-
vynces of new and more upright persons to represent the
States.
My Lord, though presently it semeth your Lordship to be
grieved with the sundry myslykings of her Majestic, signyfied
by her present letters for sundry things, wherof your Lordship
hath sufficient matter to dischardg yourself, yet I dowt not
uppon your Lordship's return to her presence, she will be
fully satisfyed by your Lordship's own good answers, for so
I myself do conceave the issue will so be proved. And by
reason of Mr. Gorge's hasty departure, I am compelled to
end. From Westminster, the 9th of November, 1586.
326 AFFAIRS OF SCOTLAND. [dEC.
Yesterday all our commissioners profest our sentence
against the Scottish Quene with one full assent, but I feare
more slackness in her Majestie than will stand either with
her surety or with ours. God direct her heart to follow
faythflill counsell.
Your Lordship's most assured to my power,
W. BURGHLEY.
SIR HENRY WIDDRINGTON TO SIR FRANCIS WALSINGHAM.
It may please your Honor, the 6th of this present instant,
late at night, I receaved forth of the court of Scotland these
intelligences, which I do assure your Lordship I am credibly
informed of by one of no smalle account in courte, and are
as followeth.
The nobilitie of Scotland are summoned, and have general
warning to be on Satterday next at Edenbroughe to convene
in counsell with the King, beginning on Monday next, and
are to continue three dayes in counsell, which is to conclude
with a generall consent, that if the Quene of Scotts be put
to death e, the King will gyve up the peace with her Majestie,
and make warre with England.*
The King showeth himself nowe at this present to be
greatly discontented to heare that the Quene his mother
should dye. And yet it cometh not all of himself, but he is
* The behaviour of King James on this occasion, as on many others,
was most contemptible. However guilty the Queen of Scots was, and
of her 'extreme guilt, with our documentary evidence, no reasonable
person can doubt, her son ought to have shown filial sentiments. Yet
in the British Museum we have original letters of the French King and
his ministers, stigmatizing in the most severe terms his callousness,
and urging him to take the part of his mother, both by threats and
promises of assistance. He was at length persuaded to assume a
threatening attitude, but it was a character so ill supported, that Eli-
zabeth, not much accustomed to be disturbed by threats, paid in this
instance very little attention to them, though she was herself adverse
to severe proceedings against her unfortunate but guilty enemy.
1586.] THE LOW COUNTRIES. 327
both threatened and forced by his nobilitie to enter in the
action against her Majestic and this reahne, if his mother
dye.
* # * #
Barwicke, the 7th of December, 1586.
Your Honor's most humble,
Henry Widdrington.
THOMAS WYLKES* TO QUEEN ELIZABETH.
May it please your most excellent Majestic, there hath
bene of late by chance taken neer the town of Bruxelles by
certain horsemen of the garison of Bergues op Zoom, a gen-
tleman sent from the King of Denmark to the Duke of
Parma, who, as it appeareth, had received his dispatch from
the Duke, and was returning towards Denmark. The gen-
tleman is son to one Henry Ranzoveus, a principal man
about the King ; though here in his legation meanly accom-
panied, having but one man. At the time of his taking he
was assaulted only with three soldiers, against whom he
put himself in defence, not manifesting what he was, where-
by he was the more rudely intreated by the soldiers, and
rifled of all that he had, and of such letters and dispatch as
he had immediately before received from the Duke, which,
with as little good manners, they opened and perused ; and
finding many of them to be of importance, they sent them
hither to be visited by the council, among which there was
one wrytten from the Duke to the King, whereof it was
thought fit to take a copy, because the same concerned the
affaires of these countries, containing a purpose between the
* Thomas Wylkes was secretary at first to Dr. Dale, the Queen's
ambassador in France in the year 1573. He was afterwards divers
times employed ambassador to Spain, to the Spanish Netherlands, to
France, knighted by the French King for a comfortable message he
privately brought him from the Queen twenty-five years before, when
he was King of Navarr, and under restraint. He dyed in an embassy
in France, 1597.
328 THE LOW COUNTRIES. - [jAN.
King and the Duke to treat of a peace, as will appear by
the tenor of the letter, a copy of the which I thought conve-
nient to address only to your Majestic. The States and coun-
cel here are not well pleased with the King's proceedings
therin, in respect that the same is taken in hand by him
without their privitie ; and that they find by experience, as
they allege, that the onely brute of a peace here will open a
gap to the worse affected (who are many in number) un-
timely to practise among the common people, to draw their
affections thereunto, before it might be assured that the
King would yield to the point of religion, without which
there is no hope of peace. And therefore the onely overture
of a pacification is likely to be of a dangerous consequence
to these countryes.
They say further, that by the like experience they see,
that albeit the King should assent to the allowance of their
privileges, as in the time of Charles V., yet is there no
hope of his performance therof, because in the rest of the
provinces now under the government of the Spanish King,
the contracts and promises of privileges are in no sort
observed.
A third poynt there is wherin your Majestic is principally
interested, and from which their safety cannot be severed,
which is the consideration how your Majestie's state may be
secured, if these countries shall come to be under the rule
and disposition of Sj^ain. These thinges being of so great
moment, and wherupon the States and councel here do
ground their difficulties of peace, I could not, in discharge
of duty, omit to report unto your Majestic, to whose princely
and grave consideration I do with all humility refer them.
In the mean tyme, the councel of State are advising to ex-
cuse the accident of the taking of the King's ambassador,
which they hope to do to his good satisfaction ; and withal
to pray his Majestic not to procede in treating with the
Duke of Parma, without their privity and assent, laying
before him the dangers and difficultyes like to ensue therof,
in case, before he begin, the King shall not accord them the
1587.] SINISTER RUMOURS. 329
poynt of religion, which they believe he never will do. And
so I beseech Almighty God long to preserve your Majestic.
At the Hague, the 19th of January, 1586.
Your Majestie's most humble and obedient servant and
subject,
Tho. Wylkes.
THE MAYOR OF EXETER* TO LORD BURGHLEY.
Our duties moste humbly remembred, with our moste
humble and hartie thankes to your good Lordshipp, may it
please your Honor to be advertized, we received, the se-
conde of this Februarye, about the hour of one in th'after-
noone, a precepte herein enclosed for hue and crye to be
made touching the staying of the Queue of Scotts, which,
according to the same, we, fearing the worste, did presentlie
dyspatch, notwithstanding the simplenes of the inditing of
the same, and th'order therof without hande or scale of any
counsellor or justice, hoping in God that the contents therof
are untrue. And for that we heare no further certaynty of
the contents therof, and do perceyve that the rumour therof,
with the watching, warding, and searching hereuppon, which
as yet we continewe, if the same come of any pollicy of the
enemyes to her Majestic, may breede some trouble or incon-
venience to the countrey, we moste humbly pray to be adver-
tised of the certayntie hereof, and to be directed from your
Honor what is further to be done therin. And so commyt-
ting you to the Almightie, who preserve you eternally, we
most humblie take our leave.
Exon, the 3d of Februarie, 1586.
Your Honor's moste humbly to be commanded,
George Smithe, Maior.
Nycholas Martyn.
Thomas Brereton.
* The following letters give us a curious picture of the state of ex-
citement throughout the kingdom, after the discovery of Babington's
conspiracy, and the trial of the Scottish Queen, when all kinds of ru-
mours were eagerly received and credited.
330 SINISTER RUMOURS. [fEB.
Hue and Crye.
These are to charge you in her Majestie's name, upon
payne of death, to make diligent search and hue and crye for
the Queue of Scotts, who is fiedd, and to laye all high
wayes, and staye all barkcs and shipping in your harbours,
for that the direction came from Mr. Howard, Esquier ; so you
kepe a standing watche daye and night, untill you receyve
order to the contrarye, and lett this be done by the chiefe of
your pari she.
This second of Februarie, anno 1586. Received into
Honyton, at 11 of the clocke in the forcnoone, this present
Thursday.
Thomas Ward, Constable of Honyton.
This hue and crye to go to the Mayor of Exeter, and so
forth.
Received by David CoUes, of Honyton, the second of
Februarie, abowte one of the clocke in the afternoone, into
Exon.
TPIE MAYOR OF EXETER TO THE COUNCIL.
i Right honourables, having receyved hue and crye that her
Majestie's Citty of London by theenemyesis set on fyre, and
therby are commanded to have our men and armor in ready-
nes upon payne of death, in great haste, as by a coppie of
the same precept of hue and crye which is herein enclosed
appeares, we, hoping in God that the same premisses are
untrue, and yet fearing the worste, have caused oiu men and
armor accordingly to be in readyncs, have thought good to
address this bearer to your Honors for the certayne know-
ledge of the premisses, praying your Honors to vouchsafe to
sende us direction in the premisses, and thus most humblie
take our leave.
lo87.] SINISTER RUMOURS. 331
Exon, the 4th of Februarye, at the hour of one in the
nighte, 1586.
Your Honors' most humble to be commaunded,
George Smithe, Maior of Exon.
Nicholas Martyn.
Thomas Brereton.
Rychard Pray.
Hue and Crye.
These are, in the Queue's Majestie's name, to charge and
commaunde, immediately upon sight herof, to sonde lyke pre-
ceptes four maner of waies, from towne to towne, to make
your armor and artillery in readynes, and that with all speed,
upon paine of death, for London is set on fyre. For Mr.
Turlett of Anstenlewell brought this worde from the Bell,
the 1st of Februarie. Sende this to Exeter with all speede.
William Bowerman, Justice.
This from Sampfield, this 10th inst., Satterdaie, the 4th
of Februarie, 1586, at 8 of the clocke in the evening.
Rec. this by the handes of Robert Smythe, of Colompton,
tlie 4th of Februarie, at 10 of the clocke in the night.
William Marston.
William Kyrkham.
Edward Hate.
These are in her Majestie's name straitly to charge and
commaund you that upon the sight herof you send like pre-
cepte two or three waies, Irom tithing to tithing, to set your
men in armour with all speede uppon paine of death, for Lon-
don is on fyre. Let this go to Exeter upon horseback.
Hast ! hast ! hast !
Thomas Warde, Constable of Honyton.
Received from Mr. Collins, this 4th of Februarie, about 8
of the clocke at night.
332 ELIZABETH OFFENDED WITH HER COUNCIL. [fEB.
Received this by Phillip Balston, of Honiton, vitler, be-
twixt the hours of 9 and 10.
By nie> Roger Chandon.
SECRETARY WOLLEY TO THE EARL OF LEICESTER.
Right honorable and my most especiall good Lord, it
pleased her Majesty yesterday to call the Lords and others
of her counsell before her into her withdrawing chamber,
where she rebuked us all exceedingly for our concealing from
her our proceeding in the Queue of Scotts' case, but her in-
dignation particularly lighteth most upon my Lord Threasurer
and Mr. Davison, who called us together, and delivered the
commission. For she protesteth she gave expresse com-
mandement to the contrarie, and therfore hath tooke order for
the committing of Mr. Secretarie Davison to the Tower, if
she continue this morning in the mind she was yesternight,
albeit we all kneled upon oiu- knees to praye to the contrarye.
I thinke your Lordship happy to be absent from these broiles,
and thought it my dutye to let you understande them. And
so in haste I humbly take my leave.
At the courte, this present Sunday, 1586.
Your Lordship's ever most bounden,
J. Wolley.
* The Queen having signed the warrant for the execution of Mary,
to be ready in case of sudden invasion or rebellion, and given it into
the keeping of Secretary Davison, the latter communicated it to the
council, who held a secret consultation, and determined, in their zeal
for the Queen's service, which they saw in danger so long as the Scot-
tish Queen lived, to take upon themselves the responsibility of putting
it in execution. The Queen, when she heard of Mary's death, re-
buked her council, and forbad most of them her presence. Davison
was imprisoned and severely fined, and never recovered the Queen's
favour.
Wolley was one of the Secretaries of State, and a member of the
privy council.
1587.] EXECUTION OF THE QUEEN OF SCOTS. 333
LORD SCROPE TO SIR FRANCIS WALSINGHAM.
(Extract.)
It may please you, Sir, your letter of the 10th hereof I re-
ceaved at 8 of the clocke yestemighte, wherby I understand
that execution was done uppon the Scottish Queue the 8th
daye of this instante, wherof I am right glad, that the Lord
hath supplanted so dangerous a roote, and wish that the
branches of so greate perill may wither and perish with her.
And concerning your good advice in your said letter, both
putting me in mynde of Mr. Secretary Davy son his letter for
the strengthening of the borders, and wishing me watchfullie
to stand upon good guarde for the better defence of these
frontiers, untill it may appear what will issue from Scotland
uppon this execution, you shall understand that albeit I had
purposed to have forborne the gathering together of the 50
horsemen untill Mondaye next, for such causes as by my late
letters to Mr. Davyson may appeare, yet nowe, as well in respect
of the aforesaid execution, as in regarde both of the dangerous
rumours abroade here, and of the great braggs given out
heron by our neighbours of Scotland, I am now resolved and
will (God willing) both enter the said 50 horsemen into
wages to-morrow, and bestowe them in such place as I think
meetest to defende the frontier, and so far forthe as may be
to repell and meete with any sodaine incursion that may be
attempted by th' opposite borderer.
(14th Feb. 1586.)
LORD SCROPE TO SIR FRANCIS WALSINGHAM.
It may please you, Sir, according to my laste, I addressed
a Scotsman unto Edenburgh for th'understanding of th'ac-
ceptance of the deathe of the Queue of Scots, with the King
and that nation. By which messenger I do perceive, that
S-H THE THREATS OF THE SCOTS. [fEJJ.
when the King understood by Roger Aston, (who returned
to him about Wensday last,) that his mother was in truth put
to death, he did not onlie take that newes very grevous and
offensively, but also gave oute in secrett speeches that he
could not disgeste the same, nor leave it unrevenged, as should
appear by such good deeds as we should receive at his hands
hereafter. And albeit the King and some others be highly
offended with us for this execution, yet am 1 advertised that
some of the noblemen (though they seeme malecontents)
would not have that tragedie to playe agayne.
It is likewise advertised unto me by good credit, that the
King intendeth to depart secretly out of that realme, but for
what nation he prepareth himself I do not know. The cer-
tentie of these matters I leave to my next herin and your
better advertisements from other places.
It is looked that there will be a generall convention of
all the noblemen and States of that realme, but the certaine
daye of their assemblie in not yet know^ne.
The King hath wTitten unto Maxwell, that either himself
or some one of good credyt and authorised from him, do make
repaire to the court, for that he intendeth to appoint Maxwell
warden to these West Marches of Scotland, thinking him the
meetest man to have the government therof, and to execute
such service as he shall enjoyne him and the present state of
matters shall require. And it is thought that Maxwell shall
enter his jorney towardes the King, uppon Mondaye next,
or else will that day send one authorised from him to accept
that office, and bring him his patent for the same.
William Carr of Ancrom (one in the murther of the late
Lord Russell,) and yonge Fernyhurste gave out that they
w^ould be with the Kinge uppon Fryday laste.
All matters on these frontiers rest as yet in good quiet.
As anything shall fall out to the contrarie, or any other
newes shall come to my knowledge, you shall be advertised
therof from tyme to tyme. And so for the present I commit
1587.] ELIZABETH OFFENDED WITH HER COUNCIL. 335
you to the protection of th' Almighty. From Carlisle, the 21st
of Februarie, 1586.
Your assured loving frend at commandement,
H. SCROPE.
SIR FRANCIS WALSINGHAM TO THE EARL OF LEICESTER.
My very good Lord, your sharpe humors continue here
styll, which doth greatly disquiet her Majestic and discom-
forte her poore servants that attend here. The Lord Threa-
surer remayneth styll in dysgrace, and behinde my backe her
Majestic giveth out very hard speeches of myself, which I the
easier credit for that I fynd in dealing with her I am nothing
gracious ; and if her Majestic could be otherwyse served, I
knowe I shold not be used. I dyd by my other letters ac-
quaint your Lordship with the answer I received from her
Highnes touching the request for the 5,000/. I mean when
any fytt opportunity shall be offered to she we her the letter
you w rote unto me by young Balyse, wlierby she may see
how greatly your Lordship is disappointed for lacke of the
sayd sum.
The Frenche King taketh it very unkyndly that his embas-
sador is denied accesse, wherby he may cleare hymself, as
also that D'Etrapes is not sent unto him. If her Majesty had
followed the advyse gyven in her behalfe by your Lordship,
the Lord Threasurer, and myselfe, I suppose there would have
followed some good effect therof. The arrest of our shippes
continueth, and Mr. Wade is denied accesse. They of the
Leage do greatly labour the King to make himself a party
with them, who make then' profit of the present unkyndnes
between the sayd Kyng and her Majestic. For further par-
ticularities touching that country, I refer your Lordship to
the inclosed occurrents.
By the inclosed from W. Shute, your Lordship shall see
•i3tl SCOTLAND AND THE LOW COUNTRIES. [APRIL,
what passed betweene the King of Navar and the Spaniards,
and how things proceede there.
For Scotlande, the Quene's Majestie seemeth to neglecte
altogether such opportunyties as are offred,with the which Mr.
Archibald Duglas is greatly dyscoraged. Such of that realme
as stand yll affected to this crowne, do losse no opportunity
that they may work a breache. The present dyscord be-
tween her Majestie and her counsell hindereth the necessary
consultation that were to be desyred for the preventing of the
manifest perrylls that hang over this realme.
It appeareth, by late letters out of the Lowe Countryes,
that the foote-bands and horse-bands in her Majestie's paye
there are greatly decayed, insomuch as there remayned not of
the five thousand footmen not above three thousand, and of
the one thousand horse but five hundred. I have acquainted
her Majestie herewith, and moved her for a supply ; but T fynd
her not disposed to resolve therin, and yet is she gyven to
understand in what readiness the enemy is to marche. Her
Majestic doth wholly bende herself to devyse some further
meanes to dysgrace her poore counsell that subscribed, and
in respect therof she neglecteth all other causes.
This daye, Mr. Barker delyvered me dyvers letters directed
to your Lordship, which I have had no leisure yet to peruse,
saving Mr. Atye's, which I send unto your Lordship here-
with. To-morrowe I meane to acquaint her Majestie with
so many of them as shall importe her servyce, and afterward
to send them unto your Lordship. And so I most humbly
take my leave. At the Courte, the thirde of Aprill, 1587.
Your Lordship's to commaund,
Fra. Walsyngham.
I pray your Lordship to remember my humble commenda-
dations unto the Earle of Warwycke and the Lord Northe.
1587.] SPANISH GOODS SPJIZED. 337
THE EARL OF SUSSEX TO LORD BURGHLEY.
It may please your Honor, on Monday last, there appeared
before this towne foure sailes of shipps, wherof three came
owt of Spayne, from St. Lewkers, the fom-th an English man-
of-warr ; which man-of-warr having understanding that one
of the said three shippes was laden with Spaniardes' goods,
meant to have horded and taken the said shippe, wheruppon
the rest associated themselves for defence, and I having some
intelligence herof, perceiving them to be somewhat within
the shott of the towne, as well for th'avoiding of the conflict
or fight, as also to bring them within her Majestie's jurisdic-
tion, where they might have lawe and justice, shott a piece
of ordinance at them, which being somewhat shorte they
semed not to staye, wheruppon without delay I shott another,
which passing over them, caused them presently to beare
in towards the harboroughe, where they be safely arryved ;
unto whom I have shewed such favour, as they be masters
and possessors of the goods. Nevertheless I have made a
seizure and stay, especially of one shipp called the Tyger of
Ripen, in Devonshire, the goods wherof as well by the de-
claration of Englishe passengers, as also by their owne doubles
of certificates, I think will prove Spaniards' goods, with some
letters to Englishmen, to father and colour the same here in
England, as by proofe shall more playnely, I thinke, ap-
peare.
AVhen the master of the shippe, called the Tyger of Ripen,
in Devonshire, sawe that the man-of-warr the night before
meant to deale with him, he delivered owt parte of his goods,
and wold have delivered more, if the skippers of the other
shippe had not refused the same, saying " We will no more
of your goods, least they be Spaniardes' goods, and tl.at
proved, we may lose our goods also." And theruppon the
great hulke, called the Black Raven, of Copeman's haven,
wolde receyve nothinge, but th'Admiral, called the Dragon of
Empden, did receyve certayne parcells, which he hath con-
VOL. II. z
338 SPANISH GOODS SEIZED. [MAY,
fessed. There is one Thos. Standlay, a fishmonger, dwelling
at the Bellin-gate, who keepeth a tabling-howse for Flemings
and straungers, who should be a fatherer and colourer of
these goods, who being strictly examined, I thinke will de-
clare the Imthe, who, if he might be presently sent awaye
hither with this bearer and examined, the truth wold the
better appeare.
This shippe hath neither charter nor bills of lading,
saving certayne bills in print to be delivered at Hambo-
roughe. The skipper of this shipp saith, he doth not knowe
whether the goods be Spaniards' goods. Englishmen's goodes,
or Dutchmen's goodes. The man that laded these goodes
in Spayne, is one Mr. Cambray, dwelling at St. Lewkers,
and Vanbell, a Fleminge, born at Cambray in Artoys. The
English passengers and the pilott of th'other shippe called
the Dragon of Empden, said they heard the skipper of the
other shippe, called the Tyger, saye that he should put into
Dunkercke. I have sent unto your Honor herein inclosed a
note or briefe of all the lading that is within the three
shippes. Thus having thought good to advertise your
Honor of the state of all things here, I committ your Honor
unto God. From Portismouthe, the 27th of Aprill, 1587.
Your Honor's assured to his power,
Sussex.
Postscript. — I have sent the bearer herof partly instructed
in the matter, who, if it please your Honor to give hym
audience, he will declare the matter more at large.
SIR FRANCIS WALSINGHAM TO LORD BURGHLEY.
My very good Lord, I will stop the course of the Earle
of Lyncoln's sute for the levetenantship. It were a great
wronge unto your Lordship, having your chiefe howse in
that countrye, that either he or any other should be pre-
feiTed before your Lordship.
1587.] LP^TCESTER RETURNS TO HOLLAND. 339
Yesterdaye, at the earnest request of the Earle of Ley-
cester, I did press her Majestie to growe to some resolution
touching his employment, letting her understand that the
service could abyde no delay, the harveste approaching so
fast on as it doth. But after longe argument, I could di-aw no
conclusion from her. I found some disposition in her, rather to
use my cosyn Norryce then the Earl. I dyd humbly pray
her, (the matter importing her as it doth,) it myght be con-
sidered by certayne of her choyce counsellors, which motion
was also rejected. I fynd no dysposition in her Majestie to
take any course for the assurance of Scotland. Touching
the Chauncellorship of the Dutchy, she told Sir Amias Paulet,
that in respect of her promyse made unto me, she would not
dyspose of it otherwise. But yet hath he no power to dely ver
the scales unto me, though for that purpose the attorney is
commanded to attend him, who I suppose wyll be dysmissed
hence this daye, without any resolution. And so I most
humbly take my leave.
At the Court, the 23rd of Maye, 1587.
Your Lordship's to commaunde,
Fra. Walsyngham.
SIR FRANCIS WALSINGHAM TO LORD BURGHLEY.*
My very good Lord, accordingly as I was directed, I ac-
quainted her Majestie with our proceeding at the late con-
ference. She doth nothyng lyke of the resolution. I fynde
* The Earl of Leicester, who had returned from the Low Countries
at the latter end of the preceding November, was now again sent to
take the government, but he was limited both in authority and force,
and great jealousies arising between him and the States, he was un-
able to perform any successful enterprise, and returned home with
disgust. An accusation was brought against him at home of ill-go-
vernment, but he was sheltered by the favour of the Queen.
z2
340 LKICESTKK RETURNS TO HOLLAND. [jULY,
she hath had some secret advertisement from Holland, which
makcth her to stand upon the 15,000. I advysedher therfore
to commyt the direction of the warres there to the author of
that counsell, seeing the Earl of Leycester will not under-
take it. She hath commanded me to send for him, and sayth
he shall go with those forces that she thynketh fyt. I wish
your Lordship here, so as it might stand with your healthe,
to the end there might be some resolution taken in the great
causes.
Her Majestic is pleased that the Earl of Hartford shall
proceede in the execution of the wyll, and so is it her plea-
sure that your Lordship shall direct him. I am commanded
to send for the Lord Harrye,* and to let him understande
how greatly her Majestic mysliketh of the neglect of your
Lordship's advice, and of the contempt of the Earl his
brother.
I wyll not be unmyndfull of the request of the alderman
of the Styllyarde with the fyrst opportunitie. And so I most
humbly take my leave.
At the Courte, the '26t\i of Maye, 1587.
Your Lordship's to command.
Era. Walsyngham.
SIR FRANCIS WALSINGHAM TO LORD BURGHLEY.
My very good Lord, touching the letters desired by the
Frenche ambassador to be dispatched according to the
agreement at the last meeting, I did before my coming from
the court give order to Mr. Ward, as well for a letter to be
prepared from her Majestic to the states of Zeland, as also
for other letters to be written from your Lordship to the
Earle of Leycester and Sir William Russell to that effect.
I have also written to his Ijordship according to the reso-
• The Earl of Hertford's brother.
1587.] THREATS OF THE SPANIARDS. 341
lution taken by my Lords of the counsell. Notwithstanding
the said letters, it is left to his own consideration to do
therin as he shall thinke meet, only that the men be well
used, and money given them for their corne, if the country
stand in need of it. The notes of such matters as were
agreed on at the meeting are remayning with Buck, my Lord
Admirall's man, w^ho, his Lordship desired, might have the
keeping of the same, as register for like causes.
Touching the answers to be made by Sir John Noms,
and Mr. Wilkes, I think that Mr. Norris will bring the same
with him, and to Mr. Wilkes I have written to prepare his
against the tyme appointed by your Lordship.
Your Lordship, by the inclosed from Florence, may per-
ceive howe some stay is made of the former preparations.
It seemeth the next year the King of Spayne, and his con-
federates, are resolved to sett up their case. The only waye
to bridle their mallyce is the interrupting of the Indian fleets.
I wyshe, therefore, that the employment of Sir Francis
Drake had not been so long delayed. The Duke of Parma's
proceeding in this treaty of the peace dothe showe he dothe
but dally. It seemeth by Shute's letter, that there is some
staye made of the preparations of the ten Biscaye shippes.
And so I most humbly take my leave. At Barn-Elmes, the
16th of Julye, 1587.
Your Lordship's to commaund,
Fra. Walsyngham.
I humbly praye your Lordship that Pompees' letter may
be reserved to yourself I would be loth the gentleman,
should have any harme through my default.
SIR FRANCIS WALSINGHAM TO LORD BURGHLEY.
My very good Lord, I send your Lordsliip such letters as
I received yestcrniglit late tiom the Earl of Leycester. I am
342 GREAT PREPARATIONS OF THE SPANIARDS. [jULY,
Sony to fynd by him so great backwardnes in the States.
1 feare this devysion between the sayd Earl and them will be
the losse of Sluse, or rather of the whole countrye.
And so I most humblie take my leave. At Barne-Elmes,
the •20th of Julye, 1587.
Your Lordship's to commaund,
Fra. Walsyngham.
SIR THO. LEIGHTON TO THE EARL OF LEICESTER.
My singular good Lord, having the commoditie of a pas-
sage and so convenient a messenger as the bearer herof,
Mons. Kenelle, a godly honest minister of this isle, who hath
occasion to make a voyage into those parts, I would not faile
to acquaint your Excellencie with such intelligence as of late
I receaved from certain notable merchants of Brittaine, my
very friends, which are these. That by letters from sundry
of their factors from Calles, Saint Lucar, and other parts of
Spaine, they do ascertaine that the King of Spaine doth as-
semble a very greate army at Lisbon, for what purpose is not
certainly knowne, but the report is divers, some say for Eng-
lande, some for Irlande, and some for Britaine, and some for
Barbary, and others say to guarde the armadas that are to
come from the Yndia. But neither of these latter can it be,
by reason that the provision is so greate. For it is advertised
that there is at Lisbon to the number of 140 greate shipps,
besides galliots and other smalle vessells in great number.
Furthermore there is sett forth from Calles by the order of the
Duke de Medina Sydoynie, 40 greate shipps, 6 galiases of
6 and 9 hundreth tonnes. In these galiases came 1,500
oulde souldiors from Sisille,* Naples, and other places, which
were presently put into galiots and sent to Lisbon. There
are 6 galiases more daily looked for, to come from Levante.
' Sicily.
1587.] THE LOSS OF SLUISE. 343
They do account upon 15,000 oulde soldiors, Spaniards and
Itallians, beside a great number of bisoyns. Also there is
^XDardon offered to all the thieves that lye in the mountains so
as they will come in and serve the King in this voyage.
These factors write that they have sene laden 6,000 muskets,
greate number of cullivers, corslets, pikes, and other mu-
nitions. Vitels is at Lisbon most abondant. The army is to
be conducted by the Marques Saint Cruse. There is also
lately arrived at the courte, 50 capitains WaUons. All this
fleete will be in a readiness by the end of this month of July.
Your Excellencie shall do well to prepare and put yourself
in best order to receive them, for so much the more it is to be
doubted that their meaning is for the Low Countries, in that
they name so many other places, and say nothing of that
which touches them nearest.
^ ^ ^ ^ TP
At Guernsey, the 28th of July, 1587.
Your Excellencie's most humbly,
Tho. Leghton.
SIR ROGER WILLIAMS TO THE EARL OF LEICESTER.
I have all the copies of letters I wrote and received since
my coming into the Sluse,* the which do shewe our neces-
syties and wants. Since the loss of the fort we were bat-
tered with fourtene thousand cannonades, one breach of
almost four hundred paces, another of three score paces, an-
other of sixteen paces, all fordable for horse and man. Three
days afore our coming out, the enemy won our rampier, possest
it for half an English myle. We have hurte and slain very neer
eight hundred. We had not powder to fight two hours. We
* Sluise had been long besieged, and the Earl of Leicester had been
pressed to go into Holland, in hopes that his presence would have
relieved it. But the delays and smallness of the supplies rendered
these hopes vain.
314 THE LOSS OF SLUISE. [jULY,
were continually for 13 niglites all on the breaches. I pro-
test unto your Excellency, had your person bene with us we
had not kept the place two hours longer. His army being
ready to give a generall assault, we were forced to com-
pound, in the which I swore unto him either to go out with
honor, or else die with the rest and burne castell and towne.
He gave us honorable composition. Had tlie state of Eng-
land lain on it our lyves, we could not defend the place three
hours, for half the rampier was his, neither had we any
pioneers but ourselves. I am sure never troupe fought longer
than we dyd, nor never worse resolved to fly and skape, that
could through the diownd land. Had your troupes entered
a Tuesday, it had bene too late, for they had won the best
part of the towne. When all the truth is knowne, we were
sold by the vilains that are angry with us.
Yours to death,
R. Williams.
Referring the rest to Mr. Brouke.
THE EARL OF ESSEX TO THE EARL OF LEICESTER.
Sir, I received your letters but now. My Lord of Cumber-
land came half a day before Sir Thomas Shurley, with the
news of the yielding up of Sluse, which since it is gone shall
not so much grieve me, the composition being so honorable.
The Queue was a little troubled with it, and only blamed the
Dutch, and your Lordship that you would trust them in any-
thing. She hath bene since long with her counsaile. What
is agi-eed on I know not, but this bearer is very hastely dis-
patched. I had great speech with her presently after my
Lord of Cumberland was come. I desired her she wold know
your enemies, and not believe anything they shold say. If
they layd any matter to your charge, that she wold suspend
her judgment till she did hear yourself speakc. 1 will watch
with the best diligence 1 can, that your enemies may not take
1587.] COURT APPOINTMENTS. 345
advantage of your absence. Your Lordship is very much be-
holding to my Lord Lumley, who both professeth himself to
be yours, and shewes his affection in all your causes here.
He is very carefull of the good successe of all your busines.
Thus in haste I commit your Excellencie to God's happy pro-
tection. Theobalde's, this last of July, 1587.
Your Sonne, most ready to do you service,
R. Essex.
W. HERLE TO THE EARL OF LEICESTER.
This day, about 2 of the clocke in the afternoone, arrived
Mr. Atye here from your Excellency, and on Wensday morn-
ing to Thiballd's were letters brought out of Spayne, bring-
ing a full assent to the peace, which are kept very close and
secret.* The Earle of Derby will be at the comle on Son-
day, and theruppon will follow what order shall be gyven to
our commissioners for their proceeding. Sir Tho. Heneage
on Wensdaye in the afternoone was sworne and admytted
Vice-chamberlayne.f The Lord of Hunsdon departs to-
morrow to his howse in Hartfordshire, and thence northward,
being made Lord Warden of the Myddell Marches, with all
fees and proffits therunto appertayning bestowed on him.
He hath beside a great parcell of the temporalityes of the
Bishoprick of Durham given him, wherof his followers prog-
nosticate that he shall be made Cownte Palatine. He hath
some forces appoynted him to strengthen his government and
action.
Mr. Robert Cecill, at the mediation of the Earle of Essex,
had all his father's offices graunted him in reversion within
* Towards the latter end of the year the Earl of Derby was sent
into Flanders with commission to negociate with the Prince of Parma
for peace.
t The place of Sir Christopher Hatton, who was this year made
Lord Chancellor.
346 FRANCE — KING OF NAVARRE. [SEPT.
Hartfordsliire. Sir John Norrys' friends give out that he
shall be sent over to make his submission to your Excellency,
they using very reverent speeches of you, and taking hold of
some check ye gave to the Lord Marshall, for the ill-ex-
ploited enterprise of Howghstrate, that if Sir John Norrys
had been used in the charge, he would have fought it owt
with what forces soever he caryed, which doth so much the
more please that syde, in how much it sounds to the dys-
grace of the sayd Lord Marshall.
I have now a sute to your Excellency of myne own ; it is
that ye wold be pleased to write an emest letter on my be-
half to the Lord Threasurer, who surely is well enclyned of
himself to favour me, and hath promised all the mediation he
can to her Majestic for my good, which by your recommen-
dation will be furthered both in countenance and commodity;
wherefore, seeing that your Excellency may greatly satisfy
by so easy a meane, one that truly serves and honors you, I
do rely thereof, and wholly commend it to your speedy
honorable writing ; lykewise that ye will vouchsafe that my
Lady your wife do inclyne her son* to the same effect with
her Majestic and the Lord Threasurer, which shall be a double
favour, wherewith very humbly I take my leave. Temple
Barre, the 8th of September, 1587.
Your Excellencie's most humble,
W. Herlle.
SIR FRANCIS WALSINGHAM TO LORD BURGHLEY.
My very good Lord, your Lordship by the inclosed from
Mr. Stafford, may perceyve how nmche there remayneth in
his handes of the 18,000 crownes which I wish were dely-
vered unto the Count of Soyssons in case he contynues his
former resolution to joyne the King of Navarr. How
* The Earl of Essex^ whose mother the Earl of Leicester had
married.
1587.] AFFAIRS OF FRANCE. 347
greatly it importetli her Majestie to have the King of Navarr
upheld, the inclosed I receyved this morning from your ser-
vant, Mr. Powle, wyll shewe your Lordship. It were conve-
nient that this letter were read unto her Majestie by Mr.
Wolley, or at least so much thereof as concemeth herselfe.
There would be expedition used in taking order for the send-
ing of some present supply unto the King of Navarr. Mr.
Horatio wyll attend on your Lordship this afternoone, to be
ready to be employed in case her Majestie shall lyke to use
his servyce. If the Duke of Montpensier shall find her Ma-
jestie resolved to back the King of Navarr, there is no doubt
but that he maye be draw en to make himself a party e.
There is no waye so apt to stopp the Spanish expeditions
agaynst this realme, as the upholding of the King of Navarr,
and the keeping under of the Howse of Guise, whom Spayne
seeketh to advaunce. If her Majestie shall loose this opportu-
nitye, either by long delay in resolving, or by not sending
such a portion of treasure as may do good, she shall have
cause to say. Farewell my dayes of peace.
Mr. Stafford, in a bye paper unto me, desyred that the
copye of the enclosed wrytten unto him from one whom he
mayntaineth of purpose in the Reyters' campe, may not be
knowne to be dyrected unto him, but rather to seeme some of
his in Parris. I thinke your Lordship shall do well to ac-
quaynt Mr. Chauncellor with the French and Italyan letters,
and to praye him to joyne with your Lordship in the further-
ing of this cause of the King of Navarr's. And so I most
humbly take my leave. At Barn-Elmes, the 12th of Sept. 1587.
Your Lordship's to commaund,
Fra. Walsyngham.
SIR WILLIAM RUSSELL* TO THE EARL OF LEICESTER.
It maie please your Excellencie to understand, that wheras
* Sir William Russell was the fourth son of Francis Earl of Bed-
ford, In the preceding- year he had distinguished himself in the battle
348 TUMULT AT FLUSHING. [SEPT.
coinplayiit hath bene made unto your Excellencie of the
forcible delivering of a prisoner, and unreverent usage of the
magistrates committed by the commons of this towne, the
beginning of the disorder, and manner of proceeding therin,
was such as followeth. The barber who was imprisoned, being,
(as it is thought,) overcome with drinke, passed by the house
of one Adrian Cornelison, a captain at sea, whom he found
standing at his doore, and seeing a paper declaring that the
house was to be lett, after other speeches, wished that he
had bene gone both from his house and office before Sluis had
bene lost, that some honester man that would have adven-
tured to relieve it, might have enjoyed his roome. And
uppon further speeches, he called the said Adrian traitor,
and told him that he never dared to fight, neither before
Sluis nor in any other service, and now it was lost he
meant to abandon Vlisching and go to Camphere. Uppon
complaynt made, the barber was summoned to appear before
the magistrates at a dale appointed, which he omitted, and ex-
cuseth it because he said that there were many to be heard
that daie, and himself appointed one of the last, wherby he
presumed that the tyme would not serve. For the contempt
of absenting himself, he was taken out of his bedd in the
night, at ten or eleven of the clocke, and imprisoned. His
freinds offered sureties to be bownd for him in a thousand
guilders, which was refused. Uppon this the common people
found themselves grieved, and flocked together, murmuring
that their privileges were violated, in that the man was
taken prisoner in the night for nothing but words against a
private person, and cautions for him refused, being touched
with no treason. Some of them came to my house to have
communicated the matter to me, but I would not have to do
with them, only this, I sent to the magistrates to advertize
at Zutphen, vi^here Sir Philip Sydney was wounded, and he succeeded
him as governor of Flushing. He was afterwards Lieutenant of Ire-
land, and was created by James I-, Baron Russell, of Thornbourgh,
in Northamptonshire. He died in 1613.
1587.] TUMULT AT FLUSHING. 349
them that I heard of the people's discontent, and to advise
and desire them to have regard that the trouble might be
pacified. And as my message was done, the people ran
violently uppon the magistrates, and forced them to release
the prisoner. The daie following the magistrates desired my
ayde, which I offred so far forthe as to persuade the people
to end their tumults, and behave themselves obediently to-
wards their magistrates, but to take any autoritie uppon me
in the civill policy which belongeth to them and not to me,
I would not, because T understood this trouble proceeded of
an old grudge among them, so that if I had medled therin I
must have bene partaker of one faction. I never animated
any man in disobedience, and if I offended in anything, I
assure your Excellencie it was in soliciting peace among
them. This is th'efiect of their disagreement, and thus farr did
I deale therin and no farther, which I trust your Excellencie
will not disallow, for that the matter touched the magis-
trates, and not any attempt against her Majestie nor the gar-
rison, so farr as I could perceyve in either part. They were
presentlie very well disposed to growe to any good agree-
ment after they had bene with me, and nowe there is a good
end made of all past grudges, and myself was required a
few dales past to be present in the state-house at the conclu-
sion of their amity, wherin every man seemed well content.
Concerning the other matter wherof your Excellencie did
write unto me, I trust your Excellencie is satisfied in my
former letter.
And thus humblie craving pardon for that my sickness
did not permitt me to write in mine owne hand, I commit
your Excellencie to the protection of the Almightie.
Vlisching, this 13th of September, 1587.
Your Excellencie's at commandement,
W. Russell.
350 SIR FRANCIS DRAKE. [SEPT.
MR. E. PRINNE TO LORD BURGHLEY.
Right Honorable, my humble dutie considered, the cause
that mored me to write these few lynes is that nature causes
me to shewe my dutie wherto I am bounde as the sonne of
an Englishman. It is not unknowne unto your Honor of
Sir Francis Drake's good success in this his last voyage ;*
whereuppon in France manie of the nobles and marchants
were of the opynion that her Majestic wolde nowe lende the
Kinge my masterf out of this rich shipp of Portingall goods
taken by the said Sir Francis Drake two hundred thousand
crownes, to levy an army for the voyage of Portingall, which
opynion of them the King assureth himselfe no lesse of her
Majestic, as the tyme did give opportunitie.
But, my good Lorde, putting asyde these great matters, I
am in loyall dutie even bounde to shewe your Honor that the
myserable state of the poor King is suche, that her Majestie
might do well to cause some of the King's poore creditors to
be paid. All which 1200 or 1300 pounds wold discharge, and
by this meanes the poore King owt of extremitie and daunger
ofgTcate discreditt, which I do assure yom' Honor wold befall,
if at Michaelmas nexte there be not some good order taken
* Drake had been sent with a small fleet to harass the coast of
Spain, and had been highly successful. '^Entring into the port of
Gades/' says Camden, '' he chased six gallyes under the forts, and
sunke, tooke, or fired about a hundred vessels, wherin was great store
of munition and victuals." From thence he made to Cape St. Vin-
cent, where he took three forts, burnt the fishing-boats along the coast
to the mouth of the Tagus, challenged the Marques of Santa Cruce to
come out and fight him, and plundered the coast and destroyed the
shipping in his sight. " From thence setting saile towards the Azores,
he lighted by chance upon a very great marchaunt shippe, and very
rich, (called a carack,) and named the Saint Philip, returning from
East India, and easily overcame it, which the seafaring men on both
sides, in regard of the name of Philip, interpreted to presage some dis-
aster to Philip of Spaine."
+ Antonio, Ex-King of Portugal.
1587.] THE KING OF PORTUGAL. 351
with these poor men which are in greate danger of utter un-
doing. It will be a godly deede for her Majestie to supplie
this extremitie. If this my simple letter wold not seeme te-
dious unto your Honor, I could be large in showing the most
pittifull state of this poor King: in honor, my good Lord, her
Majestie sholde take pittie unto his poore creditors, the
names of whom I will referr untyll such tyme as it shall
please your Honor to weary yourself with this poor King's
miseryes, weighing his poor estate with your true ballance,
and use herin your honorable favours, under which banner the
state of his poore howse dependeth, having no other refuge
but in your Honor. And for my part, I do professe that my
dutie unto her Majestie causeth me to write this bolde letter
unto your Honor, for which I most humbly crave pardon, in
hope of which I end, praying Almightie God longe to prosper
your Honor's lyfe.
From London, the 16th of September, 1587.
Your Honor's most humble and dutifull servant,
Edward Prinne.
THOMAS TUNCKER TO WILLIAM WATSON.*
I have here met with some Lubeck and other ships come from
Lisborne, who assuredly sale that there is great preparation
made, and daily making, at Lisborne, against the begynning
of January, to invade England in the north parts, where for
religion they shall finde the fifth man to be gyven to papestry,
which will take part with them. As for Scotland, they be
vowed to the King of Spaine as one man. As also they do
practise with our English gentilmen, yonger brothers, to
make them equal with them in inheritance. The Cardinall's
secretary, and the Marquis Seint Croise his levetenant, told
* " The copie of a letter written from Elsener in Denmark, by Thos.
Tuncker, the 13th of October, 1587, directed to William Watson of
London, merchant, and by hym recey ved the -Ith of November, anno
die to."
352 PREPARATIONS OF TTIE SPANIARDS. [SKPT.
tliis to Albar Grobc, master of a great ship of Lubeck, being
abord his ship at Bel} an, and willed the shipper for auncient
acquaintance to beware against their coining, which was
about the middle of February, to do such an exployte as all
the rest of Europe shold stand trembling if it might be per-
formed. They had never learned this, but that they made
their hearts merry with drinke. There came ships with
great provisions daily out of the straights, with bisketts in-
numerable quantities, so of rice, wyne, oyle, powder, shot.
There were also eightene great ships, some of Wismore, of
Rostocke, of Hamburgh, which came to Lisborne, laden with
butter, chese, ankers, cables, tackle, fisshe of a wonderfull
quantitie, and the ships presently enterta^Tied into service,
and new ports cut out, nyne or ten ports more then they had
before. Likewise all the Holland ships prepared, besides a
number preparing owt of the straights, and that of ships,
of men, of victualls, there is great plentie, and no want. The
Marques St. Croise at sea, with thirty-six sailes to conduct
home thTndian fleete, but there is a pestilence amonges his
men at sea. A Scottishe ambassador is arryved at Lisborne,
an Earle, highly entertayned of the Cardinall's, come thither
overland. The Prince of Parma his factor at Hamburgh
hath his servants abrode to buy fly-boats, of sixty and seventy
lastes, at Elbing, Danske, at Lubeck, in this place, and
spareth for no money. They have bought twenty-five brave
boats already. All these shall mete at Sluce, and with the
Dunkirkers scoure the seas and kepe our men occupied in the
narrow seas. God help England ! for a destruction is pre-
paring, if God stay it not. Syr, these news that I wryte be
all trewe. The masters of those ships have sworne by their
salvation that such speeches were uttered abord his ship the
1st of September past.
1587.] PREPARATIONS OF THE SPANIARDS. 353
SIR THOMAS LEIGHTON TO THE EARL OF LEICESTER.
My singular good Lorde, the very barke that brought me
your Lordship's letter, returning now unto Midelbourgh, I
wold not faile, according to your Lordship's commandement,
to imparte such intelligences as are come to my hands, which
is that the Spanishe armie departed from Lisbon the 3rd of
this presente, in the which are shipped to the number of
between fifteen and eighteen thousand soldiers, said to go
into Scotlande. Another army the King prepareth, which
are for the most part Italians, but those are thought will not
be ready before the next springe ; nevertheless sondry bands
of them arrive daily in Spaine. The French doth undoubtedly
determine to joyne with the Spaniarde this next yere. This
I received but yesterday from the mouth of one that is in-
wardly greate with the embassador of Spaine, who farther
affirmeth from the month of him that is for her Majestic, that
he is not of the religion but parforce, and would be content to
see a change in Englande. I leave to the judgment of your
Excellencie whether it be not a thing of most dangerous
consequence to have in so dangerous a tyme an unsounde
person in that place. Well, God preserve her Majestic ! It
seemes to me that in so perilous a tyme, a pressing care wold
be had what persons are put into such places, and so I leave
further to trouble youi Lordship, in presenting my humble
duty, beseeching God to preserve you, and give you most
prosperous success in all your actions. Guerasey, this 18th
of September, 1587.
Your Excellencie's most humbly,
Thos. Leighton.
Within fifteen days I determine, if God permit, to be in
Englande, where I desire of God to see your Lordship.
VOL. II. A A
354 NEGO'l'IAIIONS rOR PEACE. [oCT.
SIR FRANCIS WALSINGHAM TO THE EARL OF LEICESTER.
My very good Lord, in llie middest of my diett I fell into
a fever, and since my recoverie of the fever, I am troubled
greatly with a defluction of an humour into one of mine eyes,
which hath bene the cause why your Lordship hath not
heard from me these many dales. I hope your Lordship,
considering it groweth from the hand of God, will excuse me.
I doubt not but your Lordship is thorougly acquainted with
our courte proceedings since the retume of my Lord North
and my brother Beale. From them and other your Lord-
ship's honorable friends in court, I know you are informed
how offensively it is taken that the matter of peace goeth
so slowly forward there. It is reported that both Mr. Her-
bert, the Master of Requests, and Mr. Ortell, shall presently
repaire over to deale effectually with the States for the ad-
vancement of the said peace ; and it is also said that our
commissioners shall put themselves presently in a readiness
to departe into those contries, to th'end that when the States
have given their consents to yield to the treatie, there may be
no time lost. There is the more haste made in this matter,
for that Andreas de Loe doth write that the Duke of Parma
thinketh he is but mocked and dallied withall, and that he
doubteth greatly that if Commissioners shall not be pre-
sently sent over, the said Duke will breake off and not pro-
ceed to the treatie, which we do believe here to be most
true, and will by no meanes be persuaded that the King of
Spaine and the said Duke do but dally with us, so strong a
conceite are we growne to have of both their sincerities, con-
trarie to the opinion of all men of judgment, seeing the great
preparations made both by sea and land.
Sir Edward Stafford hath advertised hither that the French
King hath especially sent unto his agent in Spaine, to learne
there whether the King of Spaine meant soundly to proceed
in this treatie of peace with the Queue, from whom he hath
receaved undoubted answer that the King doth it only to
1587.] DISPOSITION OF THE SCOTTISH KING. 355
winne tyme and to abuse the Quene of England. This, not-
withstanding that Mr. Stafford hath gotten it fi^om one of
good account about the King, is offensively taken here, so
much do we myslyke anything that may hinder the said
treatie of peace.
Such newes as we have receaved out of France touching
the King of Navarre and the Reiters' Campe, I send here-
with unto your Lordship, and so most humbly take my leave.
From my howse in London, the 9th of October, 1587.
Your Lordship's to command,
Fra. Walsyngham.
LORD HUNSDON TO QUEEN ELIZABETH.
Touching this young King, surely if your Highness look
for any amyty or kind dealing at his hands, you will fynde
yourself greatly deceived. For if there were any good incli-
nation in hym towards your Highness, which I neither fynd
nor believe to be, yet hath he such a bad company about hym,
and so maliciously bent against your Highness, as, if there
were any good inclynation in hym towards your Highness,
they will not suffer hym to remayn in it two days together.
So as whatsoever is to be had from them must be by force,
as I think your Highness fynds partly by this tyme, by such
letters as I gat from Corselles* lately, and sent them up ; for
the which, I assure your Highness, he hath bene twice ready
to hange himselfe. A greate pyty he was letted^ from so good
a deede!
I commytt your Highness to the protection of the Al-
* De CourcelleSj a Frenchman, who was employed in the intrigues
with Mary, before her death, and afterwards with the French party.
It is to the letters here mentioned, apparently, that allusion is made in
a long letter from R. Douglas to Archibald Douglas, on the 6th No-
vember.—(Lodge ii. 359.)
' Hindered.
aa2
356 THE EARL OF DERBY. [dEC.
mighty, who send your Highness a long life, with all happi-
ness to your own hart's desyre and best contentment.
At Barwyke, the 24th of October, 1587.
Your Highness' most dutifuU and obedient servant,
H. HUNSDON.
THE EARL OF DERBY TO LORD BURGHLEY.
My verie honorable good Lord, the charges of this embassy
wherin her Majestic nowe imployeth me, which with all my
harte for her service and the realme's I take uppon me, I
fynde fane greater then I made reckoning of, for I assure
3'our Lordship nowe uppon conference with my officers,
touching those paste and them to come, I fynde it hathe
cost me largelie synce my coming from myne own house,
having attended here these three monthes, insomuch as
the great dearthe of all thinges, where we go, considered, I
fynde my proportionment for this turne muste of necessity
be supplied.
It pleased your Lordship at yoiu* howse, for the which I
thinke myself most deeplie behoulding to your Lordship,
to proffer your bonde for me, the which albeit I will not
desire of your Lordship, yet muste 1 make bolde to
praye a little favor at your handes, which is that either it
will please your Lordship to commende my desire by your
letters to Sir Thomas Ramsey and Mr. Alderman Spencer for
the loane of a £1,000 a twelvemonth uppon interest, and my
statute for theire safetie and satisfaction, or els uppon the
lyke securitie to move her Majesty to lende me as muche ; for
excepte by one of these two meanes, I see not howe my
presente turne wil be ser^'ed. I beseeche your Lordship to
have consideration hereof, whereby your Lordship shall
make me so muche behoulding to you, as amonges a nom-
ber of your honorable favors, I shall thinke myselfe for this
principally behoulding to you and yours, so long as I
1587.] ACCIDENT IN THE FLEET. 357
lyve. Of my greate expenses here sondrie wayes, besides
the daylie charges of my standing howse in the country,
for the fynding of my sonne and daughter Strange, and bothe
our servants, bothe which being the causes of my presente
wante, this bearer, who is acquainted therewithal!, can at
large informe your Lordship. And so wishing to your good
Lordship as to myself, I do committyouto God.
My howse in Channon-rowe, this 1st of December, 1587.
Youre Lordship's faythfiill, loving friend, al wayes to use,
H. Derby.
LORD CHARLES HOWARD TO LORD BURGHLEY.
My honorable good Lord, I do understand by Mr. C^sar
how much I am bound unto your Lordship for your honor-
able favor. I have no ways to recompense it but with my
love and service, which your Lordship shall be most assured
ever of.
It may be there hathe bene some reporte made to your
Lordship of some chance that happened here before my coming
downe, by fyre in one of the shyps, and because I do under-
stand that it is reported that it should be done by Ascott,
I do assure your Lordship it was after this manner. There
were two poor knaves that came from Weschester, that stry ved
for a place to hang up their netting for to lye in, and the one
of them had a piece of a kandell in his hand, and in stryving
thekandell fell downe where there lay some ocham : itmyght
have bred some mischief, but it was quickly put out: it was in
the E. Benaventre, but I hope to make them a warning
to others to beware.
I am bolde to send you by this bearer, my man, the copy of
a proclamation, which I have drawen and proclaimed in my
own shypp, and shall this day and to-morrow proclaim in
the rest. I am but a bad drawer of a proclamation, but it shall
serve, I hope, for to prevent some ill that might happen. My
358 ANNUS MIRABILIS. [jAN.
good Lord, this ^bearer, my man, shall attend at the court,
and shall attend on your Lordship allways to knowe your
pleasure, if you wyll command him anything unto me. And
so resting always most beholding unto your Lordship, and
most ready to do your Lordship any service, I humbly take my
leave.
Aboard her Majestie's good ship, the White Bear, 24th
Dec. 1587.
Your liordship's most assured to command,
C. Howard.
THE COUNCIL TO THE LIEUTENANTS OF SUSSEX.*
After our right hartie commendations to your Lordships,
wheras her Majestic hath thought it most convenient, (being
advertised sondrie ways of the great preparations that are
made already of shipping and men,) to provide all things
necessarie to defende any invasion or attempt that might be
made against the realme, or other her Majestie's dominions ;
amongst other things, considering howe, of late yeares, divers
of her subjects by the meanes of bad instruments have bene
withdrawen from the due obedience they owe to her Majestic
and her lawes, insomuch as divers of them most obstinately
have refused to come to the church to prayers and divine ser-
vice, for which respects being so addicted, it is hardely ad-
ventured to repose that trust in them which is to be looked
for in her other good subjects ; and it is also certaine that
such as should meane to invade the realme would never at-
* The Lord Adniiral and Lord Buckhurst.
We now arrive at the eventful year lo88, which witnessed the de-
feat of the memorable Spanish Armada. At the commencement of the
year the certain intelligence, which arrived every day, of the vast pre-
parations made by the enemy, and the certainty that they were intended
for England, rendered it necessary to adopt all measures possible for
putting the nation in a posture of defence, and to secure the persons of
all who were suspected of ill designs at home.
1588.] RECUSANTS PLACED UNDER RESTRAINT. 359
tempt the same, but uppon hope (which the fugitives and
rebells abroade do give and assure them) of those bad mem-
bers that akeadie are knowen to be recusants ; it is therefore
thought meet in these doubtfull tymes, they should be looked
to and restraynedj as they shall neither be able to give assist-
ance to the enemie, nor that the enemie should have any hope
of reliefe and succour by them. Wherefore her Majestie's plea-
sure is, your Lordship shall cause due enquirie to be made
w?iat number of recusants are in that countie, and what
qualitie and abilitie they be of. Wherin such gentlemen as
have been commissioners before in those matters, are able to
instruct you. And therupon to cause the most obstinate and
noted persons to be committed to such prysons as are fittest
for their safekeeping. The rest that are of value, and not so
obstinate, to be referred to the custodie of some ecclesiasticall
persons and other gentlemen well affected, to remayne at the
charges of the recusant, to be restrained in such sorte as they
may be forthcoming, and kept from intelligence one with
another. Wherin, hoping your Lordships will take such or-
ders lierin as shall be most requisite in that behalfe, we byd
your Lordships hartelie farewell. From the Courte, the 4th
of January, 1587.
Your Lordship's very loving frendes,
Jo. Cant. F. Knollys.
Chr. Hatton, Cane. James Croft.
W. BURGHLEY. T. HeNEAGE.
H. Derby. A. Poulet.
C. Howard. J. Wolley.
THE LORD HIGH ADMIRAL TO LORD BURGHLEY.
My honorable and good Lord, I have received your Lord-
ship's favorable letter, and am much bownde unto your
Lordship for your Lordship's favors. I wold to God your
360 THK PORT OF HARWICH. [jAN.
Lordship's lielthe and strength were answerable to your
mynde ; then I am sure this company here with me should
be happy to see your Lordship here.
My Lord, on Wensday last, I went to Harwyge, to see the
towne and the haven, which I had not seen this 27 yeres.
My Lord, it is a place to be made much of, for the haven
hath not his fellow in all respects not in this realme, and es-
pecially as long as we have such enemyes so neere us, as
they be in the Low Countryes, and not more assured of
Scotland then we are. My Lord, we can bringe all the
shyps that her Majestic hath a grownde there in 18 springs.
I knowe not that we can do so in any place else but here at
Chatham. That which is doing above the towne wyll be
to very good purpose for any sodden, and for my part I
wysh it were as stronge as Flushynge.
I received a letter from my Lord Cobham, of an enterprise
that is sent downe to burn all such shyps of her Majestic as
shall ryde before the Ramskyns, or thereaboutes. I received
this letter as I was half the way coming homewards from
Harwyge. I presently sent away a pynace, with John Wyn-
ter in her, your Lordship's servant, and dyd send the ad-
vertysement unto Sir W. Eussell, with a letter of my own ;
and lykewyse I did write unto the captaines of her Majestie's
ships, with certain instructions, which, if the devise be at-
tempted, I believe you shall hear they sliail smart for ther
devyse. There is two shyps and a pynace ; their vyttells
cometh out about an 8 days hence, so that then they will
come away. In the meane tyme, if nothing be done already,
I doubt not but they shall safely come away. My good Lord,
God send you ever well to do ! And so I bid your Lord-
ship most hartily farewell. From aboard the Bear, the 23rd
of Jan.
Your Lordship's most assured always to command,
C. Howard.
1588.] FORCED LOAN. 361
LETTER OF PRIVY SEAL TO ROGER COLUMBELL.*
BY THE QUEEN.
Trustie and well -beloved, we greet ycu well, whereas for
the better withstanding of the intended invasion of this
realme, upon the great preparation made by the Kinge of
Spaine, both by sea and land the last yeere, the same having
been such as the lyke was never prepared at any time
agaynst this realme, we are now forced for the defence of the
same, and of our good loving subjects, to be at infinite
charges both by sea and land, especially for that the same
intended invasion tendeth directly to the conquest of this
realme, and fynding also by such intelligences as we dayly
receive that the lyke preparations are nowe making for the
lyke intent the next yere, by the said Kynge, for the with-
standing whereof it shall be necessarie for us to prepare bothe
by sea and land, which cannot be performed without great
charges, we have therefore thought it expedient, having
alwaies our good and loving subjects most ready upon such
lyke occasion to furnish us by way of loane of some con-
venient portions of money, agreable with their estate, (which
we have and mynde alwayes to repaye,) to have recourse unto
them in lyke manner at this present.
And therefore, having made choyce in the several parts of
our realme of a number able to do us this kynd of service,
which is not refused betw^een neighbour and neighbour,
amongst the number we have also particularly named you, Roger
Columbell, for your ability and good-will you beare to us and
our realme, to be one ; wherefore we require you to paye to
our use the sum of fy ve-and-twentie pounds to such person
as by our lieutenant of that countie shall be named to you
by his hand wryting. And these our letters of privy scale,
subscribed by the partie so named, by our lieutenant that
* Of Darley Hall, in Derbyshire. This letter is a curious illustra-
tions of the mode of raising money on an extraordinary emergency, by
a forced loan.
36*2 PARTIES IN HOLLAND. [fEB.
shall receive the same, confessing the time of the receipt
thereof, shal be sufficient to bynd us, our heires, and sue
cessors, duly to repaye the said summe to you or your as-
signes, at the end of one yere, from the 26th day of January,
in the thirty-first yere of our raigne.
Thos. Kery.
Received of Mr. Roger Columbell, the 12th daye of Aprill,
for her Majestie's use, the above said sum, twenty and five
poundes, at Haddon, by me
John Maners,
Clerk in Engham.
SIR WILLIAM RUSSELL TO THE EARL OF LEICESTER.*
Since the writing of my last to your Lordship, the bourgers
and captayns of Reverr hath declared themself to hold the
town for her Majestic and yom' Honor, utterly refusing to
obeye either Count Moriss or Hollock, or to receive any of
their soldiers, wherfore they have most earnestly desired me to
write to your Lordship, that they might be putt into her Ma-
jestie's paye, and they will hold the towne for her use and
your Honor ; a place, as your Honor knoweth, of great im-
portance, commanding all the island. They marveling very
m ich that all this while they have not heard from your Honor,
their soldiers crying for tw^o monthes' paye, so that if pre-
sently your Honour sendeth not over some mony for them,
the place will be lost, and your Honor greatly dishonored
and this action overthrowne, myself having already fur-
nished them with some mony, and having from time to time
assured them of your Lordship's promise, wherupon they
* After the departure of Leicester, there were two factions in the
Low Countries ; the English party, and the party of Count Maurice,
son of the Prince of Orange, and the common cause suffered much by
their jealousies.
1588.] PARTIES IN HOLLAND. 363
have sett up their restes, being most assured to lose their
lives, if your Lordship fayl them ; wherfore I beseech your
Lordship that with the very first there may be order taken
for the levetenant, who hath so well deserved it. And thus
nothing doubting of your Lordship's good care for Ends, a
place of so great importance, I humbly take my leave.
Flashing, February 8.
Your Lordship's to command,
W. Russell.
LORD WILLOUGHBY TO LORD BURGHLEY.
Your Lordship's most honourable courtesyes and your
most friendly councells received both by letters and messages
by my servant Colman, w^ere causes sufficient to make me
wholly yours, if I were not already so far forth bound unto
you, as nothing can be added to the sincere and affectionate
regard wherewith I honour you and desire to serve you.
For newes, this messenger departs so soone after the arrival of
Colman, as having won so much time, not without some pains,
as to travel from Utrecht hither to the Haghe, I have not
had leisure to communicate those services with the States,
commanded by her Majestic, only I have dispatched com-
fortable messages to the besieged of Meddenblick, and others
distressed, as also her Majestie's letter to the two Counts. It
is thought Hollock's letter will find him in good disposition,
being, as some say, much inclined to a reconciliation with
my Lord Stuard * and our nation, but the truth th'end will
approve.
As far as I can learn, all the lendings are issued five or six
dayes since, so I was forced to begin my credit anew with
them at Utrecht, or else to have those daungerous events fall
out in this troublesome time, which lack and misery cawscs
* The Earl of Leicester
36 i DISORDERS IN THE ARMY. [FEB.
among men of warre. It was true lately that I sent to your
Lordship, that the said treasure would have served nine
weeks, but it hath scarce dured any more than sixe. I know
not where the fault is, but I am well assured it might be
better. There are divers Captains with great store of ser-
vaunts, (that spend her Majestie all togethei no lesse then
100/. a day, by all estimation,) absent from their companyes
in London : if it were spent here, it would do poore soldiours
more good, and cause good discipline and order to be better
regarded of all sorts. It may please you to pardon me that
I trouble you with this, for as for those thinges which dis-
orderly charge her Majestic, I know none more willing to
redresse them than yourselfe : I have already bene blamed
and complained on by the Treasurer to the Lord Stuard
for my care in these things : your Lordship may vouchsafe
to keep all to yourselfe, and as your Lordship shall think
good reform by little and little what is amiss, for her Ma-
jestie's better service, which God is my witnes I desire up-
rightly to proceede in like an honest servant, without
malicing of any, and I could wyshe myself a private man,
discharged of all, to give occasion of offence to none, which
is hardly found of those that serve as becomes them in
any office. Thus I comfort me, in the mean while, that no-
thing shall please me better than a triall of my actions, when
I shall be called therunto. For the rest your Lordship's
direction (if God blesse me to follow it,) will make me passe
these pikes the easier, which I always shall be ready to ac-
knowledge as becomes me. And so I humbly take my leave,
commending your Lordship to Almighty God. From the
Hagh, the 2*2d of February, stllo veterl, 1587.
Your Lordship's most humble and assured to commaund,
P. Wyllughby.
I have written to my Lord Stuard how all the lendings are
out, and made mention to have the captains sent home. I
beseech you kepe the rest to yourself, and consyder the
1588.] PARTIES IN HOLLAND. 365
truth by esteeming how the captains Uve that are in London,
to follow the court, and not the warres or their charge, in
such sort as th^y do.
SIR WILLIAM RUSSELL TO THE EARL OF LEICESTER. .
My very good Lord, sithens the writing of my last unto
your Lordship, those of Armewe have thrust forth those
horsmen which were in garrison there, and shewe themselves
to rely themselves altogether uppon her Majestie, being in
myne opinion very necessary (if it shall please your Lord-
ship) to write unto them, for that it would greatlie satisfie
them withall. The captaine of that place hath been with
me this morning, to desire me to move yoiu* Lordship that
there may be order taken for him and his companie to be
entered into the Queue's paye, if the Estates fall from them,
and deny them paye.
Sithens my being at Revere, they have thrust forth the
chieifest burguemaster and the balleve, for that they doubted
of their good meanings towardes her Majestie. Now is this
iland* whollie assured unto her Majestie, if your Lordship
will have regard to take order that Colonell Sonoy may be
relieved in good tyme, otherwise it is to be doubted lest all
will fall from us againe.
They resort unto me from many places, and do shewe them-
selves most willing to be governed by her Majestie, although
Count Maurice and the Estates persuade them all that the
Queue will undo them all with this treatie of peace. They
in these parts and everywhere are so well affected unto your
Lordship, that they desire greatly your Lordship's coming
over. I am persuaded if it would please your Lordship to
come, nowe is the tyme. Your Lordship might do much
good, and bridle the States, with like revenge on all them
which have crossed your Lordship. Forasmuch as the States
* Zealand.
3()G SIR ROBERT CECIL. [fEH.
and Count Maurice go about to deale in all things against
the good proceeding of her Majestic in these countryes, I
feare in this dangerous tyme, lest they, or some instrument
for them, should corrupt our soldiers nowe they are in this
great extremitie by reason of their wants and poverty.
Wherefore I beseeche your Lordship to cause treasure to be
sent over with as convenient speed as may be. Even so I
cease further to trouble your Lordship, and do commend your
Lordship to the Almightie's protection.
Vlushing, the 29th of Feb. 1587.
Your Lordship's ever to command,
W. Russell.
SIR ROBERT CECIL* TO MICHAEL HICKES.f
Mr. Hycks, lest you might think Ostend hath altered my
disposition, though it may chance to change my complexion,
1 have written these few lines.
You live, and so doth Mr. Arondell too, in safety and
pleasure, both which I never wanted tyll now.
The soldiours every day disposed to mutynies, nothing to
be had but what we brought with us, and that spoyled with
lying shypped a moneth for want of wynd and waftage.
My cosen Spencer is gone toward Bruxelles to the Duke ;
when you heare I have bene there, believe it.
The Governour of the next towne, hearing that we had
* Addressed "■ To Mr. Michael Hycks, my frend, by the fyre side,
I believe "
t Michael Hickes, the eldest son of Robert Hickes, a wealthy citizen
and mercer of Cheapside, in London Michael was educated at Trinity
College, Cambridge, was afterwards entered at Lincoln's-Inn, and
finally became private secretary to Lord Burghley, with whose son. Sir
Robert, he formed a friendship that lasted all their lives. He was made
a baronet by James I. and died in 1612.
Sir Robert Cecil accompanied Lord Derby in his mission to the Low
Countries.
1588.] SIR ROBERT CECIL. 367
greyhounds and setters in our company for hares and par-
tridges, as plenty by the wast of the land as crowes in Eng-
land, sent this day a drum, which was ledd blyndfold into
the towne between two, because he shold not descry the
manner of our fortifications, for leave that he with his doggs
might in safety hunt under the towne, and send us a pasport
to do the lyke at Odenborch, which is two Dutch myles
from us.
We need not feare him in these trifles, for such is the
weaknes of this place, as in ten dayes he may have it, if he
will sett downe before it, which, assure you, this treaty once
broken, he will not be long about.
If there be cessation of arms, as I hope there will, we shall
to Bruges, and then I will go to all the brave townes about,
where I will wish both you and W. Arondell, to whom T
pray you lett my letter with my excuse be imparted, but of
this kepe my counsaile.
T desire to heare answer of my letter from Dover. I can-
not see in what sence I can be looked for tyll Midsommer, as
I dare to you confess in private.
Commend me to Mr. Steward, Mr. Webster, and Mr. Wil-
kynson. My health was never so good, I praise God.
Honesty is a goodly Jewell. Many things I could be merry
with in my letter to you both, but literce scriptce manent.
And vivat the gdod Erie of Darby ! whose muttons dye, his
henns starve, and we are fayne nevertheles to eat them. My
songe is all my riches, with which I trust you. From Ostend,
where I shall learne what becomes a soldiour, though I must
say cedant arma togce.
This 29th of Feb. leape yeere.
Your nose would drop off, i'fayth, Don Michael, if you
were as cold as we have bene.
RoBT. Cecill.
Not a fayre woman, nor an honest.
•%8 DEFENCE OF THE BORDERS. [MARCH,
THE EARL OF HUNTINGDON TO LORD BURGHLEY.*
Yesterday I dyd receive your Lordship's letter, dated of
Tybauldes, the 8th of thys instante, and the same with others
was brought me from the Lord Scrope, in which he WTyteth
that the Lord Herrys is returned home from the King, as
ofFycer and warden opposite of the west countreys of Scot-
land, with as full countenance and favor as ever he had,
which is a very soddayne change from that which I did heare
three weeks paste, that the King should intend against this
man. But welters, (as they terme them,) be not stronge in
Scotland.
Your Lordship's advyse for my proceding in that I have
begun, for the putting of these men in readynes, hathe
made me appoynte a shorter daye for the view of the
army. For nowe I mynde to have it done the weeke after
the end of the assize. So as I hope before Easter the furniture
shal be prepared in good order, and soon after Easter they
shall be all put into bandes, under captaynes, that they may
be trayned, if so it be thought fytte, as in my opynion it is ;
but as I have before this tyme wrytten somewhat unto your
Lordship hereof, so have I also acquaynted my Lords by a
letter directed to them, of this my intention. So as I hope
to understand your Lordship's lyking or mynde otherwyse
herein, before the tyme wyll serve to put the same inpractyse-
I wyshe, as your Lordship doth, that these preparations
may prove to be rather promissional then actional, so longe
as her Majesty may with honor and safety be free from warre ;
for a warre once begun, is not so soone ended, and as this pre-
paration at home is no doubte one good meanes to keepe peace
and putt off warre, so I thinke there are many in Scotland
* It was expected by many that the Spaniards would land in the
North of England, where they might be aided by the Scots, and where
the disaffected Catholics were most numerous. As the disposition of
the Scots was much mistrusted, it was thought especially necessary
to put that part of the country in a state of defence.
1588.] BEHAVIOUR OF THE FRENCH. 369
well inclyned to this course, that the amyty betwixte the two
realmes may still be preserved ; for the Protestantes of Scot-
land do or may see, that a warre wyll be the overthrowe of
them, and that cause which, I thinke, they holde most deare
I do heare that Boste and Holte were of late in Northum-
berland, and also that Davy Inglebye is sometymes there ; but
whether her Majestic wolde have this man nowe to be taken,
I am not sure ; if your Lordship thinke good I shall be glad
to understand it. Thus comytting your Lordship to the
tuition of the Lord, for thys tyme I take my leave. At Yorke,
the 13th of March, 1587.
Your Lordship's assured to commaund,
H. HUNTYNGDON.
THE LORD HIGH ADMIRAL TO LORD BURGHLEY.
My honorable good Lord, I received even now a letter from
Captain Frobysher ; the effect was, that there is come from
the ryver Seine, in France, sixe English shipps, who de-
clared unto him, that there was great forces of soldiers come
downe to the sea coast, and that it is spoken there that word
is brought by one that came out of Spayn, that the Spanysh
fleete is at the sea, and that there upon the news the French-
men made great jolytie and bravery, and came downe to the
English shipps and cut their cables, and used them so badly
as they were driven to come away with all speed, and leave
all their business, and also Mr. Frobysher hath wrytten that
on Friday last, being the 5th of this present, there passed
by Calysse a hundred pilots, wherof two were Engiyshemen :
they came in a fly-boat from Dunkirk, and are gone to meet
the Spanysh fleet. Her Majestie's pleasure was, that this letter
should be sent to Syr Fr. Drake, for the wynd being as it
hathe bene ever synce, it is like they should not be past the
islands of Garnse and Jerse, and that he should send two
or three nimble barks to intercept them, if it be possyble, and
VOL. II. B B
370 SIR ROBERT CECIL. [mAY,
also if they meet with any that come out of Spayne, to learne
what they can of the readynes of the armie there, whych m
my opinion is readyer than we do thinke they be. I would
have been very glad to have seen your Lordship myselfe, but
I could not obtayn leave of her Majesty, and yet it were fit
that I should make your Lordship acquainted with her Ma-
jestie's resolution touching the service on the seas, which,
God wylling, I wyll do befor I departe, if no sudden alarme
come, which I fear hourly.
My good frend, Mr. Robert Cyssell, did write me a letter,
which I think her Majestic she did readeitover to me twice,
with words of him that I was not sorry to hear. I am bold
to send the letter unto your Lordship, praying your Lordship
that after you have read it, that you will send it me agayne^
for after her Majestic had read it thrice unto me, she called
for it agayne, and read it to my Lord Stuard.* I pray to God
to send your Lordship strength and helthe, and so I take my
leave of your Lordship. From Hakne, the 13th of April.
Your Lordship's most assured to commaund,
C. Howard.
THE EARL OF HUNTINGDON TO LORD BURGHLEY.
Maye it please your Lordship, this good knyghte can
sufFyciently shewe your Lordship howe farre I have pro-
ceeded, and in what sorte, for the reducing of the men into
bandes, which her Majestic commaunded to be levied here, as
also for their trayning. I have had his company here sundry
tymes since my coming hyther, for which I pray your Lord-
ship to thanke hym. But if her Majestic, by your Lordship's
meanes, myght be pleased to take knowledge therof, it wolde
not a lyttle comfort hym. With the cause of his repayre to
London and the Court, I know he wyll acquaynt your Lord-
ship ; but I thinke good to let your Lordship understand that
* The Earl of Leicester.
1588.] THE DUKE OF PARMA. 371
without my privytie and consent he wolde not take the
journey, because of the commaundement which herMajestie
dyd give unto hym at his coming from London. And truly,
if cause of servise shoulde happen, I wysh he might not be
longe stayed there. But I hope your Lordship hath cause to
thinke that by Mydsummer there wyll be more hope of
quietnes then abowte Christmas it was lyke to be,* and yet
I styll wysh that the preparations for warre might in some
sorte be continued, and especially for provision of such ne-
cessaries as on the soddayn cannot be had, as powthyr, etc.
Thus commytting your Lordship to the protection of the
Allmyghty, I take my leave. At Yorke, the 28th of May,
1588. Your Lordship's moste assured,
H. Huntingdon.
SIR EDWARD NORRIS TO THE EARL OF LEICESTER.
It pleased your Honor to command me to write unto you,
which I would not fail, as nothing else that ever your Honor
shall command me.
The enemy is still lodged betwixt this and Newport, of
horse and foote seven thousand men ; the rest of his army
round about the countrye. What he intendeth he never gives
out, but it is thought, if he part from this towne, he will be-
siege Utrect, and to that end doth draw downe part of his
forces towards that place, under colour to besiege Berk,
although the most common brute be that he prepares against
England, and for that end doth here cutt passages for
his boates, and layes his army here for safeguard of the
pioneers.
*****
The estate of our towne is yet so miserable, that I think,
* This is a curious proof of the uncertainty and varying- reports which
prevailed in England of the motions and intentions of the Spaniards_,
up to the moment of the appearance of their fleet.
BB 2
.372 THE SPANISH AHMADA AT SKA. [jUNE,
fitter for me to endeavour by all meanes rather to mend it,
then wr} te of it. The soonest way to have it better is, that
it may please your Honor to have care of it; for though the
enemy shall spare us, as I know not why he should, knowing
our weaknes as he doth by our continuall soldiers that run
unto him, yet is there otherwyse great appearance of our
ruine, and so great, that would God the feare of the enemy's
besieging us were the greatest. For myself, it shall appear
that against the enemy and the rest I will not spare to em-
ploy all that littel whatsoever I am worth or able, and if
withall I may procure your Honor's good favor and opinion
of me, I will think myself happy.
I feare I have troubled your Honor over long, so that with
the offer of my humble service, and my daily prayers for
your Honor, I will most humbly take my leave. From
Ostend, this 10th of June, 1588.
Your Honor s always ready to do you service,
Ed. Norreys.
SIR FRANCIS DRAKE TO SIR FRANCIS WALSINGHAM.*
Although I do very well knowe that your Honor shall be
at large advertised by my very good Lord the Lord Admi-
rall, that the Spanish forces are descried to be near at hand,
in severall companies, on oar coast, as it is reported for cer-
taine by three barkes, unto whom they gave chase and made
shott, yet have I thought it good also to write these fewe
lynes unto your Honor, nothing doubting but that, with
* The Armada set sail from the Tagus on the 29th of May, but was
so scattered by tempest before it reached the Groine, that it was be-
lieved in England that no further danger was to be expected this year.
The Lord Admiral put out to sea, but, the wind changing round, and
being favourable for the Spaniards, he returned to the English coast,
fearing they might get under sail and pass him. The Spaniards did
not leave the Groine till the 12th of July. The report mentioned in
this letter, must have been a false alarm.
1588.] DEATH OF THE COUNTESS OF OXFORD. 373
God's assistance, they shall be so sought out and encountered
withall in such sort, as I hope will qualifie their malicious
and long pretended practises. And therefore I beseeche
your Honor to pray continually for our good success in this
action, to the performance wherofwe have all resolutely
avowed the adventure of our lyves.-
June the 24th, 1588.
THE EARL OF HUNTINGDON TO LORD BURGHLEY.
I am sorry with all my harte for the cause of griefe* which
your Lordship hath. But I hope that your wysdome and
knowledge wyll easily persuade you to dygest the same in
such sorte as the affections of nature shall not prevayle to
* The death of his daughter Anne, Countess of Oxford, whom he
especially loved, and whose heart was broken by the neglect she
experienced from her husband. While speaking of this lady, we
may add the following (from MS. Lansd. 104, 76,) to the list of lite-
rary productions from the pen of her father, given by Nares.
Stanzas of English j)oetry sent with a new-yere's-gift of a spinuing-ivheel, by Sir
William Cecill to his daughter Aime. 150'6.
TO MISTRES ANNE CECILL.
As yeres do growe, so cares increase,
And tyme will move to looke to thrifte.
Though yeres in me worke nothing lesse.
Yet for your yeres, and new-yere's gifte,
This huswife's toy is now my shifte •,
To set you on worke some thrifte to feele,
^ I sende you now a spynning wheele.
But one thing firste I wishe and pray,
Leste thurste of thryfte might soone you tire,
Only to spynne one pounde a daye.
And play the reste as tyme require :
Sweatenot (oh fy !), fling rocke in fyre.
God sende, who sendeth all thrifte and welth,
You long yeres and your father helth !
374 DEFENCE OF NEWCASTLE. [jUNE,
the hurte of your mynde or body. And so I do hartely
vvyshe it may with your Lordship be wysely and christianly
passed over.
It may please your Lordship to understand, that upon the
receit of my Lords' letters, by which I do perceive that it is her
Majestie's pleasure I shoulde prepare myself to go unto New-
castle,* I have thought to myself how I may be best able to
doit, which her Majesty mayjustely looke for, and I in
duty am desyrous to performe. And surely, excepte it may
please her Majesty to appoynt me to go in other sorte then I
have done in tymes paste, my journey thyther will neyther
be honorable for her Majesty, credit to myselfe, or good for
the cause. For without forces to be present with me, for the
wythstanding of any soddayn attempte, what can I be able to
do ? In Tynemouthe, I thinke there is little or nothing at all,
and in the store-house at Newcastle, there is as little to sup-
ply. But if bothe the places were fylled most plentifully
with all kynde of necessary furniture, unless I had men with
me to use it, what servyse could I be able to do ? As I do
knowe you do thynk carefully of this, and all lyke matters, so
let me humbly and hartely beseeche you to thynke frendly of
me. Thus I praye I may not w^ante those meanes to assyste,
without the which in this kynde of servise, nothing can be
done. And so commytting your Lordship to the AUmighty,
myselfe to your honorable favor, and all things pertayning to
this servyse to your most grave consy deration, I take my
leave.
At Yorke, wrytten in great payne, the29th of June, 1588.
Your Lordship's most assured,
H. HUNTYNGDC^N.
CIRCULAR FROM THE COUNCIL TO THE NOBILITY.
Although we doubt not your Lordship heareth dayly of the
* To be ready to hinder the laiiding^ of the Spaniards, should they
^omc there.
1588.] CIRCULAR FROM THE COUNCIL. 375
reports made from all parts beyond the seas what great pre-
parations of forces are made, as well in Spaine as in the
Low Countries, and that in common judgement of men the
same may be intended against the state of this realme ; yet
because in our directions given these late years, through
the whole realme, for mustering, arming, and trayning of all
persons able to beare armor, there hath bene no speciall di-
rection given to require any nobleman to prepare himself
with any furniture for the warre, for himself, his servaunt, or
tenants, but that her Majestic did certainly suppose that it
was the naturall disposition of the nobilitie without any di-
rections to be armed, both for themselves and for furniture of
horsemen and footmen, according to their abilitie. There-
fore we that have cause by our calling in the service of her
Majestic to have a more certaine knowledg then by common
reports what preparations are already made in the parts be-
yond the seas very likely to the offence of this realme, for
defence whereof, considering that her Majestic hath very
providently ordered that her people in all parts of the realme
should be in readines under captaines and leaders, and that
it is the part of wisdom, that her Majestie's person should
have in such a tyme of danger a speciall army to resort to
her person, to be directed by her Majestic, where cause shall
require, in which service none are more mete to be trusted
therin then her nobilitie, we have thought it not impertinent
to this purpose to impart thus muche to your Lordship, as
one whom we knowe her Majesty doth trust, and therwith
do require your Lordship to take it for an argument of our
speciall love to your Lordship in advertising you of your
promises. And in regard therof we do not doubt but your
Lordship with all your spede you can possible will be hilly
furnished with armor and weapon mete for your calling, and
of your servaunts and able tenants that are not already en-
rolled in the generall musters of your countie, as speciall
trayned persons, to make as many horsemen as you can, both
for launces and light horsemen ; and for the more increase
376 CHARACTKIl OF THK SCOTS. [jULV,
oriiorseiiicu lor vvant ol" sufficient number of greatc horses or
geldings, we tliinke your Lordship may do well to increase
your number if you shall provide able men with pettronells
upon horses of smaller stature then is mete for a launce or a
stafie ; and your Lordship being thus furnished, as we hope
you will, we thinke her Majestie will make good accompte of
you amongest other noblemen to repaire to her person, when
you shall be called. And your Lordship shall singularly
content us to lett us knowe by your letters as soon as you may,
what shall be the numbers which your Lordship shall ac-
count to have furnished, and of what condition for this ser-
vice, whereuppon we may, according to the good will we
beare you, impart the same to her Majestie.
MR. RITHER TO LORD BURGHLEY.
In these tymes of expected troubles, right honourable, the
zeal due to my countrey, which cannot well be contayned
within his appointed lymittes, must break owt, I hope excus-
ably. God having blessed your wysdomes to our peace these
many yeares past, yet this vicissitude so conversant in human
courses will at length worke his effect. Eternall peace is by
th'Allmighty established in heaven only. This peijured
nation next ours is that which I am most jealous over, to whom
this verse may well be applyed. Pax Scotice interdum,
pacia jiducia nunquam^ gens cere punica. An old writer
sayth they are a nation by nature delighting in frawd and
treason, which want of force by necessity doth often forward,
as Achelous sayd. Inferior rlrfute, meas diver tor ad m'tes.
If they used such in defence of their own, and expected not
greater rewardes of their arte, quidnunc expectandmn ! quum
spes et met us gemina ope concur runt. What shall I speake
of the gyftes and plausible wordes offred by these and other
our enemy es, worse to be lyked then their drawen swordes ;
but as the Trojan, wyse in counsell, and faythfull to his
1588.] CHARACTER OF THE SCOTS. 377
country, sayd by the fatall horse, Qiiicquid id est timeo
Danaos et dona ferentes, commonly under such plesaunt
baytes lye hidden the bitter hookes of such as fysh for our
landes, lyves, lyberties, lawes. Of all other most worthely
did the Italien pronounce these words, " I wyll not owe my
lyfe to the enemy of my country."
My Lord, I was born in Kent, brought up in Northamp-
tonshire, dwell now in Yorkshire, and am often conv^ersant
with the people of Kendall, and having taken notice of the
dyfferent dyspositions, with some narrow observations of
these several inhabitants, I fynd it an infallible certainty,
that the farther north less truth, which rule they say here
reacheth hence into the hart of Scotland.
It isneedfullto gyve an eye to the back-door ; if the Scottes
be our frendes, we may well call them our back frendes, for
we have seldom had to do with our foes before, but they
have stryken at us behynde; an old English adage, omne
malum, ah aquilone.
Our forces and myndes of this countrey are a match for all
Skottland, if conduct be answerable. Barwyke is thought
by the wiser sort here to be forgotten, considering the danger
of these dayes. But truly our Lord Lyvetenant,* assisted
with the meaner Lords, are all painfull and carefull noble-
men, if that wyll suffice. Yet in common reason, such as
busily guyde a barge in a calme, will not easily rule a gi'eater
vessell in a storm. In myne own conceit I nowe performe the
parte of Apelles' shomaker, but because many thinges have
been of late reformed here by your Honor's dyrection, I do
embolden myself the more, of these to delyver my dym in-
spect, which somewhere offred worketh no such effect, for
that it is not everywhere so well taken as meant. God is my
judg, whose good favour guyde all your Honor's courses,
tending ever to his glory and our good. Harwood, 17°
Julii, 1588.
Your Lordship's most humbly.
378 ])UKE OF PARMA THREATENS LONDON. [jULY,
SIR THOMAS HENEAGE TO THE EARL OF LEICESTER.
My Lorde, I have more to say to your Lordship than to
write ; and if Mr. Candysh had kept promise with me, he
had been the bringer of this letter, which I send chiefly to let
your Lordship knowe, that upon the intelligence we receive,
that the Duke of Parma resolutely purposeth to attempt Lon-
don, however he may, whether it be by water or by land,*
and upon the coming backe of my Lord Admirall with the
whole navy to Portesmouthe, her Majestic hath not seemed
pleased that your Lordship be absent. I told her Majestic
that you had been here but for her servyce of seeing the
musters in Hertfordshire; and I thought also in Essex.
Herewith for that tyme she seemed satysfied ; but after, I
heard she thought the consideration of the things above
mentioned were fytter to be regarded. And as my Lords,
and such as be here of herMajestie's councell, have once sett
upon these things, and some made a report therof, wherat
myself was not, so this afternoon my Lord Chamberlayn,
wdth Mr. Wolley and myself, calling by appoyntment, Sir
John Norris and Sir Thomas Leighton have somewhat
further debated of these causes for the withstanding the at-
tempt of London, both by water and land, if it shold be
sodainely assailed, when our shippes were wynd-bound, to
make things more ripe when your Lordship shall come to
consider therof. So resting sure your Lordship's, to per-
formc ever the office of a man that most loves you, I commend
me humbly unto you, and wysh your Lordship soone and
well here. At the courte, this 17th of July, 1588.
Your Lordship's as bound ever,
T. Heneage.
* The Spanish Armada was to join its forces with those in the
Netherlands under the Prince of Parma, and then to bring them all to
the Thames, whence the army was to march immediately against
London.
1588.] FIRST FIGHT WITH THE ARxMADA. 379
SIR FRANCIS DRAKE TO LORD HENRY SEYMOUR.*
Right Honorable and my verie good Lord, I am com-
manded by my good Lord the Lord Admirall, to send you
the carvel in haste with these letters, giving your Lordship
to understand that the armye of Spaine arrived upon our
coast the 20th of the present; and the 21st we had them in
chase, and in coming up to them there had passed some
common shot between some of our flete and some of them ;
and, as far as we can perceive, they are determined to sell
their lyves with blowes. Wherupon his Lordship hath com-
manded me to write unto your Lordship and Sir William
Winter, that those shippes serving under your charge should
be putt into the best and strongest manner you can, and
ready to assist his Lordship, for the better encountering of
them in those parts where you nowe are. In the mean tyme,
what his Lordship and the rest following hym may do, shall
be surelie performed.
* Lord Henry Seymour and Sir William Winter were stationed
with a fleet to prevent any sudden attempt by the Prince of Parma,
while the Lord Admiral was looking after the Armada. On the 19th
of July, intelligence was brought to the Admiral, that the whole
Spanish fleet was entered into the British seas. The wind was against
the English fleet, which was with difficulty towed out of the harbour.
*' The 21st of July, the Lord Admiral, sending a pinnace before, called
the Defiance, denounced war by discharging her ordinance, and pre-
sently, with much thundering out of his own ship, called the Ark-
royall, he first set upon the Admiral, as he thought, of the Spaniards,
but it was Alphonso de Leyva's ship. Soone after, Drake, Hawkins,
and Frobisher, played with their ordinance upon the hindmost squa-
dron, which was commanded by Recalde, who laboured all he could
to stay his men that fled to the fleete, till his own ship, being much
battered with shott, and now growne unserviceable, hardly withdrewe
itselfe to the maine fleete." The Duke of Medina Sidonia called in his
ships, and made all sail possible. And after ^*^they had maintained a
hot tight, the space of two hours, the Lord Admirall thought not good
to continue the fight any longer, for that forty of his ships were not
yet come in, being scarcely yet gotten out of the haven." — Camden.
oRO THE SECOND FIGHT. [jULY,
II is Lordsliij) lialli commanded me to write licaitie com-
mendations to yom' Lordship and Sir William Winter. I
do salute your Lordship, Sir William Winter, Sir Henry
Palmer, and all the rest of those honorable gentlemen serving
under you, with the lykc, beseeching God of his mercie to
give her Majestic our gracious sovereign alwayes victory
against her enemies. Written abord her Majestie's good
ship the Revenge, off of Start, the 2 1st late in the evening,
1588.
Your Lordship's poor frend ready to be commanded,
Francis Drake.
Postscript. — This letter, my honorable good Lord, is sent
in haste. The flete of Spaniards are somewhat above a hun-
dred sails, many great ships. But trulie I think not halfe of
them men of warre. Haste !
Your Lordship's assured,
Francis Drake.
SIR FRANCIS DRAKE TO SIR FRANCIS WALSINGHAM.
Most Honorable, I am commanded to send these prisoners
ashore by my Lord Admirall, which had, ere this, by me
bene done, but I thought their being here might have done
something, which is not thought mete nowe. Let me be-
seeche your Honor that they may be presented unto her
Majestic, either by your Honor, or my honorable good Lord
my Lord Chancellor,* or both of you. The one, Don Pedro,t
* Sir Christopher Hatton.
t Don Pedro de Valdez, whose ship had been taken by Drake at
night, on the 22nd, the day alter the first fight, and, according to
Hakluyt, the English sailors " merrily filled their pockets" with the
money in the Spanish vessel.
The 23rd, '^ betimes in the morning, the Spaniards taking the benefit
of a northerly wind, turned about against tlic English, who for their
advantage, turned aside towards the west ; and after they had strivcd
1588.] THE ARMADA BEFORE CALAIS. 381
is a man of great estimation with the King of Spain, and
thought next in this army to the Duke of Sidonia. If they
to get the wind one of another, they prepared themselves on both sides
to fight, and fight they did, confusedly, and with variable fortune,
whilst, on the one side, the English manfully rescued the shippes of
London that were hemmed in by the Spaniards; and on the other
side, the Spaniards as stoutly delivered Recalde, who was in danger.
Cock, an Englishman, died with honour in the middest of the enemies
in a small ship of his. The English ships, being far the lesser, charged
the enemy with marvailous agility, and having discharged their broad-
sides, flew forth presently into the deep, and levelled their shot di-
rectly, without missing, at those great ships of the Spaniards."
On the 24th there was no fighting, but the English admiral sent to
land for powder, &c., and divided his fleet into four squadrons, the
first under his own command, the other three severally under Drake,
Hawkyns, and Frobisher. On the 25th (St. James's Day) there was
another running fight, in which, according to the Spanish account, the
Spanish admiral suffered very severely.
On the 27th the Spaniards came to anchor before Calais, whence he
sent urgent messengers to the Prince of Parma to hasten his junction
with them, and the whole English navy anchored close by. " Whilst
they were here," says Stowe, " the Spanish faction in sundrie nations
had divulged that England was subdued, the Quene taken and sent
prisoner over the Alpes to Rome, where, barefoote, she should 'make
her humble reconciliation, &c. In Paris, Don Barnardino de Mendoza
entered into our Ladie Church, (Notre Dame,) advancing his rapier
in his right hande, and with a loud voyce, cried, ' Victorie ! victorie !'
and it was forthwith bruted, that England was vanquished. But the
next day, when truth was knowne of the Armada's overthrowe, cer-
tain pages of adverse faction unto Spayne, in bitter, scoffing manner,
humbly prayed his Lordship's letters unto the Duke of Parma, in
favour of their good fortune, to bestowe upon them some odde wast
cast townes or villages, as London, Canterbury, or Yorke, or so,
whereat Mendoza, being much dismayed, obscured himself!, not daring
to shewe his face."
By the Queen's direction, the English Admiral now prepared eight
fire-ships, which were sent among the Spanish fleet in the night, who,
in their terror and confusion, cut their cables and fled on every side,
several being stranded and lost. '' The English forces being now
wholly united, prevented their enemies conjoyning together, and fol-
lowed their fortunes to the uttermost, continuing four dayes' fight in
38*2 THE ARMADA FLIES TO THE NORTH. [aTJG.
should be given from me unto any other, it would be some
griefe to my friends. If her Majestie will have them, God
defend but I should think it happy !
We have the army of Spaine before us, and mynd, with the
grace of God, to wrestle a pulle with them. There was
never anything pleased better then the seeing the enemie
flying w^ith a southerlie wind to the northwards.
God grant we have a good eye to the Duke of Parma ! for,
with the grace of God, if we lyve, I doubt it not, but ere it
be long, so to handle the matters with the Duke of Sidonia,
as he shall wish hymselfe at St. Mary Port, among his vyne-
trees.
God give us grace to depend upon hym ! so shall we not
doubt victory, for our cause is good. Humblie taking my
leave, this last of July, 1588,
Your Honor's faithfully to be commanded ever,
Francis Drake.
I crave pardon of your Honor for my haste, for that I had
the watch this last night upon the enemie.
Yours ever,
Francis Drake.
LORD WILLOUGHBY TO LADY STAFFORD.
Madame, having once disliked her Majestie with my let-
ters, I am so discouraged as I dare not adventure my dutifull
good meaning to my bad inditing, and therefore I come to
more deadly manner then at any time before, and having incessant
cause of fresh incoragement, chased the Spaniards from place to place,
until they had driven them into a desperate estate, so as of necessitie,
as well for fchat the wind was westerlie, as that their enemies increased,
and their own provisions of sayles, cables, and anchors, greatly wasted,
resolved to shape their course by the Orcades and the north of Ire-
land, in whose pursuit, if the English had been but meanly furnished
with victuall and munition, they would have brought them all unto
their mercie." — Stowe.
1588.] THE DUKE OF PARMA. 383
you (as at the second hand, but my first meanes) to let her
Majestic understand, that if my hand simply declaring a
simple truth offended hei^, the same hand shall give her satis-
faction against her enemies (if God shall give me leave) or
purchase myne own death. It is thought here, the Duke of
Parma opinioneth himself to sett foot in England, with that
armie he hath here in readiness, with the first faire windes
and spring tides. Hitherto, for any newes we understand from
sea, to divide her Highnes' fleete were daungerous, and to
trust in a few of these countrey shippes onely, no great as-
surance to impeach such an action. But if it please her
Majestic T joyne with them, with those forces of hers that are
here, keeping those few together, and not disjoyning our small
forces, we shall on this side venture to stoppe their coming
out ; but if that faile, at least we may fall so at their backes,
as they shall not dare to disembarke themselves, but that we
shall hazard a great part of their float and forces to be de-
feated, which they can sett all at once on land. I sett this
rudely downe as my manner is, but it may fall out in effect
as good as those that are better polished. Thus, Honorable
Lady, let either her Majestic reade, or heare say from your-
self, that religion, the humblest respect, and the devotest
love, are seated as much in my zealous harte to her Highnes'
service, as in the greatest subject that serveth any prince;
such equalitie is there betwixt poore men and the greatest,
that we compare our love and duties to God and our prince,
and scale it with that life as precious to us as to the best,
since we have but one common end, our grave. And so,
commending myself to you, to be remembred the best you
may, to the best of all, I leave you to God. Midleburgh,
5th of August, 1588.
Your Ladyship's assured to commaund,
P. Wyllughby.
Since this, I have, according to the pleasures of the Lordes
of the Councell, sente awaie the best part of the shotte 1
.384 NEWS OV THE ARMADA. [aUG.
liave liere, iliougli it be a great maiming to all the service on
this side, and we left, as it were, destitute.
SIR FRANCIS WALSINGHAM TO THE EARL OF LEICESTER.
My good Lord, the trustiness of this gentleman maketh me
the shorter. How we lyke of the Quene's repaire to the
campe, he will shewe you, and what dowtes are made of
mysadventure that may fall owt. I have let him understand
what I heare.
This daye Monsieur Cleremonte D'Amboyse had audi-
ence. His arrant, as I learne by Busenvall, is to sollycii
supporte, but fynding the tyme unseasonable, he meaneth
to forbeare to deale therin. From hence he goeth to Sedan.
It seemeth the King of Navar is careful to preserve that
towne.
From the Lord Admirall we heare nothing. The last mes-
senger that came from thence doth assure me that the Duke
of Sidonia hath but 86 sayle left. I meane to steale to the
campe, when her Majestic shall be there. And so in the
meane tyme I most humbly take my leave. At the Courte,
the 6th of August, 1588.
Your Lordship's to command,
Fra. Walsyngham.
How the King of Scots standeth affected towards her
Majestic and the newes, this bearer will shew your Lord-
ship.
The Duke of Guyse is at Chartres with the King.* There
are no ships at Depe nor Newhaven.
* It had been reported that the Duke of Guise was raising forces to
join w^ith the Spaniards.
1588.] THE ENGLISH FLEET RETURNS. S85
SIR FRANCIS WALSINGHAM TO THE LORD CHANCELLOR.
By the coppy of the Lord Admyrall's letters brought this
daye to the campe by the Earle of Cumberland, your Lord-
ship may perceive what is become of the Spanish fleete. I
am sorry the Lord Admyrall was forced to leave the prosecu-
tion of the enemie through the wants he sustayned.* Our
halfe doings doth breed dishonour, and leaveth the disease
uncured. The Earle of Derby and the rest of the commis-
sioners arrived this morning at Dover. The Lord Admyrall
Cometh this night to the Downes. And so I most humbly
take my leave. At the campe, the 8th of August, 1588.
Your Lordship's to commaund,
Fra. Walsyngham.
SIR FRANCIS DRAKE TO QUEEN ELIZABETH.
The absence of my Lord Admiral, most gracious sovereign,
hath emboldened me to put my pen to the paper. On Fri-
day laste, upon good consideration, we caste the army of
Spayn so farre to the northwardes, as they could neither re-
cover England nor Scotland ; and within three days after, we
were entertayned with a greate storme, consydering the
tyme of the yeare, the which, in many of our judgments, hath
not a little served to drive the enemy away.
If the wynd hinders it not, I think they are forced to Den-
mark, and that for divers causes. Certain it is, that many of
their people were sick, and not a few kylled. Their shipps,
sayls, ropes, and waste, nedeth great reparations, for that
they had all felt of your Majestie's forces. If your Majestic
thought it mete, it were not amisse you sent presently to
* The English fleet, after chasing the Spaniards to the north of
the Frith of Edinburgh, were compelled for want of powder to give up
the pursuit.
VOL. 11. C C
38() SIR EDWARD FITTON. [aUG.
Denmark to understande the truthe, and to deale with that
King according to your Majestie's great wisdome. I have
not wrytten this, wherby your majesty should diminish any of
your forces. Your Highnes' enemies are many, yet God
hath and will heare your Majestie's prayers, putting your hand
to the plough for the defence of his truthe, as your Majestic
hath begun. God, for his truthe's sake, blesse your sacred
Majestic now and ever !
Wrytten abordyour Majesties good shipp the Revenge, this
8th of August, 1588.
Your Majestie's faithful vassal,
Francis Drake.
SIR EDWARD FITTON* TO LORD BURGHLEY.
My very good Lord, being extreme sicke in my bed, and hear-
ing the styrre and the newes about the southe partes, I have
in treated this bearer, my cousen Bould, who acknowledgeth
himself most bounde to your Lordship, to lett your Lordship
know, that at your Lordship's pleasure I will send to your
Lordship two hundrethe able men, and if I be able and
lyve, will bring them. I presume to write this because other
Lords send for all their servants ; and, my Lord, if your
Lordship lust to wryte, a number of my kyn and friends have
sayd, they will be at your command. ^
Thus, being sicke in my bed, and so having been this three
weekes, I humbly take my leave. Gausworlh, this 8th of
August, 1588.
Your Lordship's during my lyfe,
Ed. Phyton.
Our furnyture generally is bowes, jackes, and bylles.
* This was the second Sir Edward Fitton, of Gawsworth. He was
president of Munster, and died in 1606.
1588.] RETURN OF THE ENGLISH FLEET. 387
SIR FRANCIS WALSINGHAM TO LORD BURGHLEY.
My very good Lord, immediately uppon my arrival at the
camp, I met with the Earl of Comberland, sent hither unto
her Majestie from the Lord Admyrall.
By his Lordship's letter (vrherof I send your Lordship a
copy) you may perceive where he lefte the Spanysh fleete.
It is hard now to resolve what advyse to give her Majestie
for disarming, either by sea or land, untyll it shall be knowen
what is become of the sayd fleete. The Earl of Comberland
telleth me that the Lord Admyrall would be this night at the
Downes. And so I most humbly take my leave. At the
Camp, in the Lord Generall's tent, the 8th of August,
1588.
Your Lordship's to command,
Fra. Walsyngham.
The comyssioners* landed this morning at Dover ; they
write nothing touching the Duke of Parma's proceedings.
SIR FRANCIS WALSINGHAM TO LORD BURGHLEY.
My very good Lord, I send unto your Lordship the in-
closed two letters, which I received this morning from Mr.
Henrie Killegrew, both of them bearing date 31st of July, by
one of which it may appear to what extremitie the com-
panies serving there are likely to grow unto, and what daun-
ger may ensue, if their weeklie lendings be not contynued
unto them. It may therefore please your Lordship, seeing that
the money cannot so readily be had, to try the merchaunt
adventurers, who have not long sythens sent over certain
shippes laden with cloth into Medleburgh, to deale with them
either for this loane, or taking up of so much money by ex-
* Who had been sent over to treat with the Duke of Parma.
c c -2
388 DISMISSAL OF THE ARMY. [aUG.
change, as may serve for the lendmgs one month ; for that
otherwise they have no meane to be holpen there. And so I
humbhe take my leave. From Gravesend, this 9th of Au-
gust, 1588.
Your Lordship's to command,
Fra. Walsyngham.
The Flushingers were forced to retyre from Dunkirk the
last storm e, and the gap left open, being not as yet retrieved.
But T hope that through the Lord Admp'all's care, they wyll
be stopped in their passage. Sir W. Russell doth put us in
hope that there will be some powther sent hither from Amster-
dam, for in Zeland there is none to be had. The 1,000 shott
under the conduct of Sir Thomas Morgan are amved, which
may be made parte of the 6,000 footemen. It were not wys-
dome, untyll we see what wyll become of the Spanish fleet,
to disarme too fast, seeing her Majestic is to fight for a king-
dom. It were meet that the governor of the merchant ad-
venturers were sent to Stoade, to take some money.
SIR FRANCIS WALSINGHAM TO LORD BURGHLEY.
My very good Lord, to the end that her Majestic might
grow to some full resolution what forces were meete to be
kept both by land and by sea, I moved her Majestic to send
for my Lord Admyrall, and to appoynt both his Lordship and
the Lord Stewarde to be at the courte on Sundaye next at St.
James's, there to confer with the rest of her counsell what
were fyt to be done therin, wherunto her Majestic assented.
I wrote to my Lord Admyrall yesternight to advertyse how
many shippes he thought meete to be entertayned in paye,
and that the lesser shippes that were not thought serviceable
might be discharged. At his repayre to the courte his Lord-
ship may be dealt withall therin.
For the sending of some money to the fleete for the re-
1588.] THE DUKE OF PARMA. 389
liefe of the decayed men, I thinke the same may be differred
untyll her Majestie's return. Touching your Lordship's
opinion for the sending of four shippes well appoynted, to
followe the Spanishe lleete, I thinke if it had bene thought of
in tyme, they might have bene very well employed, but I
feare it wyll now be too late.
This daye at noone, her Majestic, dyning with the Lord
Stewarde in his tent at the campe, had advertysement sent
unto her from Sir Thomas Morgan, who is arryved at Marget
with the 1000 shott, that the Duke of Parma was determined
this spring tyde to come out, and that he looked by that
time the Spanishe fleete would be returned, according to an
agreement between him and the Duke of Medyna. But this
matter, though it were effectually apprehended at the fyrst, yet
her Majestic doth not so much account of it, as that it wyll
worke any stay here, as was determined uppon. A conceipt
her Majestic had, that in honour she could not returne, in
case there were any lykelihood that the enemy would attempt
anything. Thus your Lordship seeth that this place breedeth
courage. I feare now more the hand of God in respect of the
unseasonablenes of the weather, than the enemy.
And so I most humbly take my leave. At the Courte in
the campe, the 9th of August, 1588.
Your Lordship to commaund,
Fra. Walsyngham.
SIR FRANCIS DRAKE TO SIR FRANCIS WALSINGHAM.
# * * * #
The Prince of Parma, I take him to be as a beare robbed
of her whelps ; and no doubt but, being so great soldiour as
he is, that he will presently, if he may, undertake some great
matter, for his credit will stand nowe thereupon. It is re-
ported for certain, that the Duke of Sidonia standeth some-
what jealous of hyni, and the Spanyards begin to hate hym.
890 SIR FRANCIS DRAKE. [aUG.
their honour being touched so nere, and many of their lyves
spent. I assure your Honour, not so little as fyve thousand
men lesse than when we fyrst saw them nere Plymouth;
divers of their ships sunke and taken: and they have nothing
to say for themselves in excuse, but that they came to the place
appoynted, which was at Calais, and there stayed the Duke of
Parma's coming about twenty-four hours, yea, and untill they
were fired owt. So this is my poor conclusion, that if we
may recover nere Dunkirk this night or to-morrow morning,
so as their power may see us returned from the channel and
ready to encounter them, if they once sallie owt, that the
next news you shall lieare will be the one to come to meting
against the other; which when it shall come to passe, or
whether there be meting or no, let us all with one consent,
both high and lowe, magnifie and prayse our most gracious
and mercifull God, for his infinite and unspeakable goodness
towards us.
Wrytten with much haste, for that we are ready to set
sayle to prevent the Duke of Parma this southerly wynd, if
it please God, for truly my poor opinion is that we should
have a great eye upon him.
August 10th, 1588.
Postscript. Sithens the wryting herof, I have spoken with
an Englishman which came from Dunkirk yesterday, who
sayth, upon his life, there is no fear of the fleete. Yet would
I willingly see it !
THE EARL OF LEICESTER TO THE EARL OF SHREWSBURY.
My deare good Lord, I cannot sufficiently imagyne how
to render you thanks enow for your loving and honorable
care of me, but it doth me so much good to hear oft from
vou, and specially in this so noble and kind manner, as I
can no way express it, but only with so just and so an as-
sured good will, as never to fayle you whilst I lyve. And
1588.] THE queen's visit to the camp. 391
now, my good Lord, I must most earnestly entreat you not
to think me forgettfull that I have not wrytten to you of late.
The true cause I trust you hear and conceave, which is in-
dede the continuall toyl and business I have bene in since
my coming to this camp ; but now, God be thanked ! the
most difficulties are past which lay most upon myne own
hand, and our gracious mistress hath bene here with me to
see her camp and people, which so enflamed the harts of her
good subjects, as I think the weakest person amonges them
is able to match the proudest Spaniard that dares land in
England. But God hath also fought myghtely for her Ma-
jestic, and I trust they be too much daunted to follow their
pretended enterprise. My Lord, this gentleman hath seen
our camp, and a fayr shew I made my Lord Tresarer, who
came from London to see us ; he shall tell you how wylling
and well furnished men here be ; and, being now very full of
busines, I wyll take my leave, and commyt my dearest good
Lord and frend to the Almighty.
From the camp, this 15th of August.
Ever yoiu" Lordship's most assured,
R. Leycester.
THE EARL OF LEICESTER TO LORD BURGHLEY.
My very good Lord, your letters of the 17th of this pre-
sent month I received this evening, at six of the clocke,
wherin I am advertized that her Majestie's pleasure is, the
whole campe sholde presentlie be dissolved, and that those
companies brought over by Coronell Morgan shold be placed
in Kent, neare the sea coast : uppon the receipt wherof I
did presentlie send away by post to the camp, with such
careful order for the performaunce therof as was requisite.
Being very glad, that although it be her Highnes' pleasure
to discharge the soldiers, yet the captaines and officers still
392 SHIPWRECKED SPANIARDS IN SCOTLAND. [aUG.
to be contynued in wages, which will be no small encorage-
ment to them to persevere in that forwardnes which hitherto
they have shewed. And even so I bidd your Lordship right
hartelie farewell.
Wansted, the 18th of August, 1588.
Your Lordship's assured loving friend,
R. Leycester.
Postscript. My Lord, the sooner your Lordship do dis-
charge the Thresurer, who is there with us, the sooner and
better the matter will be discharged.
W. ASHEBY TO LORD BURGHLEY.*
I have nothing, right Honorable, to advertise, having
written yesterday to you, and withall a letter inclosed from
Mr Fowler, touching the proceeding with Denmarke.
These few lines I send to certifie your Honor of the receipt
of the safe-conduct, with a letter from the Lords of the
counsell touching the transporting Spa. to Flaunders, who are
seeking if any one Scotsman would venture to passe from
hence by the north of Scotland into Spayne only with the
chiefest of them ; but none of this country will undertake to
transport any without a safe-conducte. The Kinge is in
the north of Scotland ; the Lord Cha. at his howse called
Lawder Lodian, but expected to-morrow ; uppon whose
coming order will be taken for the dispatch of the Spanyardes.
I will have care, according to the direction in the letter from
the Lords of the Counsell, that satisfaction may be made for
this murther of the Irompeter before the safe-conduct passe out
of my hands. There is four shippes prepared for the trans-
porting, and the Spaniards are almost all come to Edenburgh
* This letter, without date, seems to relate to the Spaiiiiirds cast
ashore in Scotland, in their flig'ht to the north.
1588.] DEATH OF THE EARL OF LEICESTER. 393
and Lith, and Burnesland in Fife, to the number of 600.
Many are dead sythence they came, and many still in misera-
ble case, and diverse fynd themselves so well entertayned
amongst noblemen, as they be loth to part from hence.
I thinke some of the cheife shall stand here to redeme one
Lambe's son of Lyth, and some other Scotsmen, in the
inquisition in Spayne. What is done your Honour shall
understand by the next, and so I most humbly take m\
leave.
Your Honour's to command most humblj^,
W. ASHEBYE.
LORD NORTH TO LORD BURGHLEY.
The untimely death, my singular good Lord, of that noble
Earle of Lester,^ is a great and generall loss to the whole
land, and cannot but be generally and gTeatly lamented of
the good and best sorte. In his life he advanced the glory
of God, and loyally served his soveraigne ; he lived and died
with honor, in speciall grace and favor of her Majestic and
the good subject. We are all like Christians and frends to
praise the name of the Lord, for this his blessed deliverance
out of this wicked and wretched world, and to prepare oiu--
selves ready to waite on the will of our Lord God, seeing
death is a thing most certaine, and the coming therof a thing
most uncertaine. Now, my good Lord, for that I have my
harte long sithence settled to love your Lordship, my pur-
pose is to acquainte your Lordship with my actions, that
what I do, or where I am, you shall have power to command
me. The state of my bodie being farr from health, and
yet not sicke, my griefe cannot be determined by all the
* The Earl of Leicester died on the 4th of September, of a fever
caught on his way to Kenilworth, after the dismissal of the forces.
394 DEATH OF THE DUKE OF GUISE. [jAN.
doctors of Cambridge. They send me now to the bathes, in
hope the drinking the waters and bathing may do me good,
whither I am going, and by the sufferance of God, will be
there Thursday next, the 12th of this present; and there
will abide (without contrary commandement) untill the 10th
of the next moneth. Your good Lordship may thinke me
over bold, that I do thus trouble you with these trifells. I
am resolved to honor you above all the world, which I will
testifie with all my words and deeds that issue from a faith-
full harte. So praying the Lord God to bless your Lordship
with all heavenly and earthly blessings, I take my leave.
At Kirtling, 9th September.
Your good Lordship's frend at commandement,
R. North.
SIR FRANCIS WALSINGHAM TO SIR EDWARD STAFFORD.
Sir, the late accident of the death of the Quene-Mother
ministering unto her Majestic occasion to send unto the King
to condole with him for the same, as both the common custom
among Princes, and the speciall affection and good will she
beareth unto the King do require at her handes, she would
not have fayled to have done the same, but she doubteth how
her sending unto him at this time, whilest his realme standeth
in such termes as since the Duke of Guise's death* it hath
done, it might be constnied of such as will be apt to interpret
all things to the said King's disadvantage ; and therefore, for
that respect, her Highness did thinke meet to stay the send-
ing of anie person untill she might understand from himself
how he can allow thereof, which she wold have you signify
unto him, wherein, uppon knowledge receaved from you, she
* The Duke of Guise, who had made himself dangerous to the
crown by his power and designs, had been murdered by order of the
King, in the latter part of the preceding year.
1589.] AFFAIRS OF FRANCE. 395
doth mean to do as she shall finde will be most agreeable to
his good liking, being of herself very well bent to send some
well chosen gent, unto him.
The Frenche ambassador hath taken his leave of her Ma-
jestie, who, upon the King's late letter, and also finding by
the same, that his departure hence can no way prejudice, did
readily give him licence to depart, and so within these three
or four dayes he beginneth his journey, of whom I have
thought good to say thus much unto you, that if, after the
dispatch of his busines, which he pretendeth to be the cause
of his going over, the King shall not be disposed to return
him hither againe, you may do well to use such meanes as
you can to procure that some other may be sent in his place,
that is better affected to the maintenaunce of the amitie be-
tween the two crownes that this man hath shewed himself
to be.
In Scotland things are now in very quiet termes, and so
like to continue now that they are taken away in Fraunce
who were like to have been the maintayners and nourishers
of unquiet humors in that realme. Before, we began to feare
of some alteration by certaine practises sett abroad out of
that realme, the rather because the Earl of Huntley was then
newly made the captain of the King's garde, a man suspected
in religion and ill affected to this realme.
The Duke of Parma lyeth still without attempting any-
thing, only we heare that some part of his forces do marche
towards the frontiers of Fraunce, to be employed, as is given
out, for the countenance and support of those that remayn of
the League. But it is doubted he will expect direction out
of Spaine, before he engages the King in a matter of so great
consequence, and that they of Spayne will be too well advised
to give offence to the King of Fraunce, considering the evill
successe of their affaires this last year, and that they have
enough to do in the Lowe Countries, and also that the pre-
parations here do make them doubt some further attempt by
sea from hence. Men of best judgment and best affected here
396 ENGLISH PIRATES. [jAN.
do wishe that Spain would make himself a party with those
of the League, as the only way to drawe the King to use the
King of Navarre's service and those of the religion.*
Because it may be the King shall be urged especially upon
the return of the ambassador with the complaints of some of
his subjects, spoyled by the English pyrates, who have not
obtayned such redresse as were to be wished, you may do
well by such meanes as by you shall be thought meet, to
possess him before-hand with an opinion that there hath
not wanted care here to yield them due redresse, but that
the state of the time is suche by reason of the differences be-
tween Spaine and this crowne, as all things can not be per-
formed that were convenient, which proceedeth of the great
number of shippes of warre which her Majestic is forced to
keepe at sea, for the annoyance of the King of Spaine, wher-
of manie, being adventurers, do oftentimes exceed their com-
mission, spoyling of such as are in league with her Majestic,
which being once possessed therof, have so manie shiftes to
avoyd the daunger of the lawe, as it is impossible to reduce
them to make exact restitutions, though there do not want in
her Majestic and in the Lords of the Councell, all the care
that may be to yield satisfaction to the King's subjects.
And this may be further justly avouched, that though the
redresse have not been equall to their losses, yet hath it been
greater then that which of their side hath been yielded to
the subjects of this realme, who have receaved none at all,
wherof they do not fayle to complaine as earnestly as the
King's subjects do to him. And so I byd you hartely fare-
well. From the Court at Rychmond, the 28th of January,
1588.
Your assured loving frend,
FiiA. Walsyngham.
* In the latter days of his reign, Henry III. was obhged to fly to
the Protestant party for aid against his rebellious subjects.
1589.] THE DEVIL AND HIS DAM. 397
WILLIAM HOBBY TO LORD BURGHLEY *
Leave your Lordship to understand, that there is a cas-
tell in the parish of Skemfryth, in the countie of Mont-
gomerie, your Lordship graunt full authoritie unto myne
owne selfe, I am a poore subject of the Quene's, if there be
any treasure there, your Lordship shall know it, for by the
voice of the countrey there is treasure. No man in remem-
brance was ever seene to open it, and great wars hath been
at it, and there was a place not farr from it whose name is
Gamdon, that is as much to say the game is doun. Pray you,
good my Lord, your letter to the castle, craving your Lord-
ship's free authoritie to open, and if treasure be there I will
use it as it ought to be, and I will stand to your Lordship's
consideration to give me what you please. For the countrey
saieth there is greate treasure. The voyce of the countrey
goeth there is a dyvell and his dame, one sitts upon a hogs-
hed of gold, the other upon a hogshed of silver, yet never-
thelesse, with your Lordship's full power and authoritie they
shall be removed, by the grace of God, without any charge to
the Queue and your Lordship. If that treasure be there,
then I will looke for something at your handes. So praying
your Lordship's answer for the present despatche, so T bid
* " William Hobby's request to Lord Burghley for his leave to drive
the devill and his dam from some treasure hid in his Lordship's castle
at Skemfryth, in Montgomeryshire, 1589."
This singular letter is a curious illustration of superstitions which
still exist in many parts of the country, though fast disappearing.
Curiously enough, hi the original the Lord Treasurer has acceded to
his petitioner's request, by signing his own name at the end. On
examing it more closely, I, however, think the signature may be a
forgery ; Burghley's signature was not unfrequently counterfeited.
The saying, "The Devil and his Dam," is familiar to every reader
of Shakespeare : it is very difficult to explain its origin, for the legen.
dary lore which would explain' it, is on this point defective. But the
reader of the Saxon romance of Beowulf, will not fail to compare with
it the evil Grendel and his mother.
398 ALEHOUSES AND ROGUES. [aPRIL,
your Lordship farewell. From the Tower of London, this
•28thof Aprill, 1589.
Your Lordship's to commande,
William Hobbye.
Your Lordship's owne hand write the Lord Treasurer
underneath this petition, as for example,
The Lord Treasurer.
MR. DAVID POWELL TO LORD BURGHLEY.
May it please your Honour to be advertised, that in Lent
last past, I made an especial journey to the councill in the
Marches of Wales, about the multitude of alehowses and the
wandering of rogues in disorder, without controlment, from
countrie to countrie, (in the which thinges the justices of
peace have greatly neglected their duties,) and have pro-
cured her Majestie's letters to be directed to the justices of
peace in all the shires of Wales, commanding them, accord-
ing to their dutie and the trust reposed in them, to reforme
those disorders, and of their doings and reformations to cer-
tifie the said councell the 20th day of June nexte. And that
your Honor may see how requisite it is to have a redresse in
that behalfe, I have sent your Lordship by this bearer, a true
certificate of the alehowses in Denbighshire, (which is but a
little shire,) wherby you may estimate of all the shires in
Wales, and therafter judge of that service.
And thus with all humilitie, I take my leave. From my
Chamber in Little Brittain, in London, the 28th of Aprilis,
1589.
Your Honor's most humble at commandment,
David Powell.
For matters of religion, we are quieter in North Wales
then we were wonte to be.
1589.] THE LOW COUNTRIES. 399
SIR THO. BODLEY* TO THE COUNCIL.
It may please your Lordships to be advertised, that being
at Berghen op Zoome, your Lordships' letter, written the 13th,
came to my handes the 22nd of this moneth, wherunto by
reason of my absence from the place of residence of the
General! States, I have no meanes at this present to make
suche answer as is requisite. But I go from hence to the
Hage within these two dales, where I will not faile, according
to your Lordships' direction, to presse them to deliver in
writing the particular proofes of those generall accusations
whiche they have published in their placcart against my
Lord Willughby. I do assure myself that their deputies
in England have had expresse charge to deale in those mat-
ters ; and I knowe they were carefull before their departure,
to gather all their informations that might make for their
purpose. Howbeit, upon this occasion presented, to deliver
my opinion under humble correction, and without any preju-
dice to your Lordships' censures, all their allegations, which
I have heard them hitherto produce, are so slenderly proved,
as I thinke, for mine own parte, both her Majestic and my
Lord hath been dishonorably dealt withall by them. For
all this countrey doth knowe, and it hath bene openly and
usually spoken in all places, that the only losse of Gertru-
denbergh was the willfullness and passion of some fewe, who
to colour afterwards their unadvised enterprise, and to pre-
vent that the common people might not call them to account,
* Sir Thomas Bodley will ever be famous as the founder of the
Bodleian library at Oxford. He was born at Exeter in 1544, and
spent his youth at Geneva, where his father took refuge during the
reign of Mary. He was afterward entered at Magdalen College, Ox-
ford, under the tutorship of the celebrated Dr. Humphreys. In 1583,
he was made gentleman usher to Queen Elizabeth, and was afterwards
employed in numerous embassies. At the Hague, he was both am-
bassador, and, from the position in which Elizabeth stood to the
States, he was admitted one of the Dutch Council of State, taking his
seat next to Count Maurice. He died in Jan. 1612.
400 EXPEDITION TO PORTUGAL. [jUNE,
published tliat placcart wlierof your Lordships make men-
tion, and which I do not doubt bnt in conference with the
Deputies, or by that which their generall assembly shall de-
liver unto me, your Lordships will easily discover to be but a
sinister practice, and full of unjust imputations, in respect of
any disloyal act wherwith my Lord may be charged ; the
consideration wherof I leave to your Lordships' wisdom, and
take my humble leave. From Berghes, May 28th, 1859.
Your Lordships' most humble to commaund,
Tho. Bodley.
TO LORD BURGHLEY.*
My duty remembred, it may please your Honour to be
advertized, the 25th of this month, there came into the har-
bour a flyboate from the roade of Cascales ; the fleete then
sailing into the sea, Captaine Harcott brought in the fly-
boate full of sick men. He saith, after they had been at the
Groyne, Sir John Norris sailed toward Penecheo, and there
tooke the towne and castle. There my Lord of Essex killed
a Spaniard hand to hand ; and from thence they marched
towards Lisborne, and did take the suburbes, and continued
there two dayes and three nightes. In the time of being in
the suburbes, the gallies did more harme then the highe
tow^ne. The highe towne put out a bravado on the side
where Sir Frauncis Drake's regiment did lye, wherein Capi-
taine Carre and Capitaine Brett were slaine. And so re-
turning to Cascales, there was some small number by sicknes
lost. And coming to Cascales, they tooke the towne and
the castle. It is said the friers caused the castle to be taken
for safety of their own lives. He saith he knoweth not
where the fleete is become, for he was putt from them in a
* This letter relates briefly the celebrated expedition to Portugal, in
1589, under Norris and Drake, in which the Earl of Essex distinguished
himself so much by his courage.
1589.] MARRIAGE OF SIR ROBERT CECIL. 401
tempest in a night. The captaine hath no passport. He
mett at Usshant my Lord of Cumberland's pinnace, which
had taken two prizes, and he saith that at Usshant there was
CoUonel Sydney, and one other collonel, in a shipp seeking
for some prizes, who be come from the fleete. It is possible he
hath some secrett newes, which I cannot learne. The Tiger
and the Swallow, with two pinnaces, are at a road by Hasel-
worth Castle. The captaines are Captaine Winter and
Captaine Bostocke.
Thus I take my leave of your Honor. From Portesmouth,
this 25th of June, 1589.
LORD NORTH TO LORD BURGHLEY.
I am given to understand, my special good Lord, that the
mariage between Mr. Robert Cecill and Mistres Brooke*
will shortly be solemnised, and if I can come by any good
thing worthie the sending, I will not fail to do it, otherwise
I will undoubtedly, if God so will, honor the feast, and the
least that longeth to your Lordship, with my presence, and
do all other services in my power, praying yom* good Lord-
ship to lett me know the time and place. Your good Lord-
ship seeth how very ready I am to trouble you. For the
subsydie matters, when the Queue's letter and bookes and
commission come down, I will do all that I can with good
conscience to further that service, leaving every man a good
and large peniworth of his own goods, and yet advance the
rate. As there shall happen any occasion in this shire
worthie advertising, I will forthwith repaire with my intel-
ligence to your Lordship, upon whom I will with all frendly
love and service depend, trusting your good Lordship will
remember to send me word of the mariage, if you will
* The daughter of Lord Cobham.
VOL. II. D D
402 MURDER OF THE KING OF FRANCE. [aUG.
have so ill a guest. So praying God to bless your Lordship
with long life and honor, I take my leave.
At Kirtling, 28th July.
Your good Lordship's most assured to commande,
R. North.
SIR ROBERT CECIL TO MICHAEL HICKES.
I thank you for your letter. The books be the same I
writt for. Our newes is here from France good, for Mylls
hath bene with Gourden, that is governour of Calais, who
wept most bitterly for the death of his King,* standeth now
firme to this successor, and when the Queue offered to re-
commend him to the King of Navarr's favour, he aunswered
bravely, that he would require no forrain recommendation,
but wold, as he had deserved regard of the late King dead,
so recover this prince's favor by his own merit, promising
ever firmly to hold this towne at his Majestie's devotion.
The camp lieth still afore Paris, and acknowledgeth this
King for their soveraigne, being the bravest company of
soldiers that ever France had together, only wanting pay,
which the Queue will or must help them with.
The King of Navarr hath under his hand and scale vowed
no way to chaunge any religion, only reserving to him and
his, as before, free profession.
I have receaved this letter inclosed from Mr. Newton, who
is at Putney, and will be here to-day. If Portington think
to get it without cost, he is I find deceaved. I will deale
with her importunately, though as you see she hath the start
of us. What I can do he shall know to-morrow, when I
come, for I have now receaved all favour for the Queue that
* Henry III. of France was murdered at St. Cloud by a fanatical
monk named Jacques Clement, on the 1st of August, 1589. He was
succeeded by the King of Navarre as Henry IV.
1589.] STATE OF THE NORTH OF ENGLAND. 403
I can wish, in sundry that I wold come to her, and so I grow
now weary of this west course.
Yours,
R. Cecill.
This Mylls, you know, v/as toward Randall. He brings
word that of the six orders of Friers, fiv^e in every howse had
vow^ed by sacrament to do this villany. In Paris they make
bonfires for the act, but it cannot long hold out.
I have made a suggestion that old Colborne will in no
wise suffer the other Armetreading to be joined with him. My
Lady Stafford is very round with me in the matter, and will
move the Quene for Armtreading. What may be done, shal
be done.
JAMES RITHER TO LORD BURGHLEY.
I cannot satisfie myself in duty to my country, unlesse I
delyver over to your honorable Lordship the discoveries I
fynde of the particularities of this countrie from tyme to
tyme, in the which thinking myself skilfull enough when I
dedicated my last endeavors therin to your good Lordship,
by an accident since I knowe more, and therfore will be-
come an hiuiible sutor to your Honor, to have the profytting
of that symple pamflett which I presented, of that importance
it pleased the right honorable my very good Lord and Ladie
of Warwick to proffer me the stewardship of the late Mar-
quesse's lands about Kendall, which I refusing, was yet con-
tent to execute the thing till such tyme as their better
choyces might lay it upon a more meet person for that
charge. In the execution of this office very lately, I passed
through the people of two great dales, the one called Dent,
or Danett, as some say, and so lyke, when the Danes were
dryven to any shift, to be their resting, as your Lordship's
lands of Tanfield, sometimes also called Danefield, where
D D 2
404 DENT AND SEDBURGH. [sEPT.
yetremayne extansies of their encamping. The other greater
part is called Sedbar. A thinge worthy noting I shall re-
count to your Lordship.*
In this Sedbar, the vycar could present to me but only four
disordered persons, which 1 bound to good abearing as bar-
rators that haunted ale-houses, the great fault of this country,
and were dayly fighting, quarrelling, and disquietting this
good people. In Dent only one was brought before me, for
very undutifull partes to his father ; this is notable amongst
so many hundreth householders. Now your Lordship
Cometh to the marvell ; no justice of peace is resident within
thirty myles of them in their county, and he and ... a head
constable they have, which, if he did anything amongst them
touching this office, I feare me it wold fall out worse for their
government. In the one parish no gentilman, in the other
only two, and those very mean.
These people, situate amongst the wilde mountains and
savage fells, are generally affected to religion, quiett and in-
dustrious, equall with Hallyfax in this, excelling them in
civility and temper of lyfe, as well in abstaining from drinke,
as from other excesses. These people are, as they term
themselves, customary tenants, and greatly addicted to raise
and maintain customs. They have no courts kept this many
years past. I had much to do to make them knowe the high
auctority of parliaments, which they thought could not cutt
off any custom, no, not for reformation of any offence; but
before all, their custom of quiett and industrious lyfe I
willed them to keep, and so penall statutes cannot touch
them. Promoters begin to abuse them and themselves no-
tably.
This is that part of the county which heretofore I have
noted to your Lordship to be 50 myles from my house, and
* The town and parish of Sedburgh is situated in Yorkshire, on the
borders of Westmoreland, at the bottom of the Houghill Fells, and
is about eleven miles from Kendal. Dent is a township belonging
to it.
1589.] MARRIAGE OF THE KING OF SCOTS. 405
but only this one justice for a good tyme within this compass,
yet I may not by this ensample of duty, &c. seem to showe
to your Lordship that justices are not requisite for these
partes ; for spending my tyme in houshold with my good and
honorable lady the Countesse of Cumberland, I see the
people here in Craven almost wome out of due obedience to
her Majesty's auctority, for a justice may dyrect out his
warrant here twise to one township for offenders, and shall
be fayne to go fetch the third tyme, if he will have their com-
panies. This virtuous ladie, as many other of God's favours
to this commonwealth, is placed here, 1 trust, for her Ma-
jesty's good, for her actions in this ebb of her estate, in re-
lieving the poore, in settling the idel a work upon her own
cost, and that which is principal in spreading good doctrine
by her life and practise, are not unworthy to be left in re-
membrance to all posterities, only she hath showen herself
too pitiful to night hunters, which now are grown to such
numbers, as she is content to see justice done upon some of
them. Of this sort there are that do all kind of robberies,
under colour of stealing flesh, as they terme it.
To conclude with all the novelties I can give your Lord-
ship out of these northern parties, as my last that ever I shall
give I fear me, the Skotts are busy on the borders with
murders, and further within with matters of marriadg.* God
turne it to the good of England ! for it is he that only
worketh myracles, to make us newe friends of old enemies.
The Dane and Skott are nations naturally hatefull to us, yet,
as I said, God and under his mercy good government by him
favored and blessed may effect marvells. I must ask your
Lordship's pardon, and with the same crave of God your
increase of honor and comfort.
Barden, this 26th of Sept. 1589.
Your Honor's in duty bounden,
James Rither.
* The marriage of King James with the daughter of the King of
Denmark.
406 OPERATION OF THE NEW POOR-LAWS. [nOV.
SIR ANTHONY THOROLD TO LORD BURGHLEY.
My duty to your good Lordship humbly remembered, it
may please the same to call to remembrance that by dyvers
statutes heretofore^ lawes have bene established to abolish
th'excessive number of roges, and to dryve them to settle and
abyde where they were borne, or last abyding by the space
of three yeres, and lykewise to charge any towne or parishe
tokepe and relieve all the poore therin borne or last inhabit-
ing by the space of three yeeres, which did great good where
the same was executed. But now the statute made in the last
parliament for expelling of innemates, I feare wyll send ten
tymes as many abrode to begge as at any tyme before did, ex-
cept it may please her Majestic, by proclamation or otherwyse,
to give order by some lawfull meanes, for tolleralion therof
to all suche as at th'end of the last parliament were innemates
during their tymes onely and no longer, of which there be a
great number in every towne and village which shall be lyke
to peryshe for lacke of relief and lodging, or ells wander
abrode in excessive numbers, which I feare wolde breed
great inconvenience. That parte of the statute which doth
prohibite erecting of cottages from henceforth otherwise
than the same doth allowe, I hope will do much good.
As I am bold to sygnify my symple conceit in this, even
so presuming of your honorable acceptance, I am bold to sig-
nify unto your Lordship another matter as nedefull to be some
way reformed or stayed, if not more than this former, which is
the early marrying of peasants and other poore folks, having
neither house, lands, nor goods to lyve upon, which in short
tyme must needs breed a monstrous swarme of beggers.
Since I may remember, very fewe of that sorte did marry untill
they were 30 yeres old, or very neare it, nor then except they
were first provyded of a howse to dv» ell in, but now they
marry under 20, having no regarde how to lyve, nor where to
dwell. If it might please your Lordship, according to your
great wisdome, to be a meanes (by thebysshops or otherwise)
1589.] THE NEW POOR-LAWS. 407
to staye and prohibite such fond, symple, and undiscrete
marryages, before the parties achieve to reason or discretion
to consyder therof, I think your Lordship shold do to God
and her Majestic good service, and a great good to the com-
monwelthe.
Yet a third mischief (which is horrible) of late years,
which is wonderfully increased, and one common in every
towne, village, or hamlet, in these partes, and (as I heare) is
lykewise in other countreys. Young able fellowes do wick-
edly allure foolish lewd young women to folly, promysing them
marryage, and when they are perceived to be with child, the
men runne awaye into unknown places in farre contreys,
leaving the woman also to begge with her child. Some
course wold be devysed (if it might be) to restraine that kind
of wickednes, which at this day doth abounde. Satan so
farre playeth with such people, that no shame nor ordinary
punishment will helpe. Thus craving pardon for this my
over much boldness, but urged therunto in respect of my duty
to God and our gracious Quene, and unto your Lordship her
Highnes' Lieutenant in this shire,* most humbly I take my
leave.
From Marston, this 6th of November, 1589.
Your Lordship's to commaund,
Anthony Thorold.
JAMES RITHER TO LORD BURGHLEY.
By long observances I have ever noted, right Honourable,
the people of this isle, though allways divided by the auncient
enmities of England and Skotland, yet the neerer any part of
our pale is to Skotland, the less enmity, the more accord-
ance in manners ; not that the Skottes take of us, but we of
them, as the evill is ever more infective than the good.
* Lincolnshire.
408 STATE OF THE SCOTTISH BORDERS. [AUG.
Greatly in tlie faiT north partes is commended the especiall
praises which the King of Skottes should give of late to all
northern gentillmen, with his more regard of them than of
the rest, then the pulling down of the Lord Ambassador's
armes by night, being sett up over the door of his lodging.
In Skotland, these things I could not hear, being about the
court when my said Lord returned, albeit I was much con-
versant with some northern gentylmen that had been that
jorney. But be these rumors false or trewe, they are rimse
by which we may easilie spie into their myndes throughout
these speeches what they like. Also out of these partes I
perceive divers that have horses to sell, and were wont to
carry them to the great horse faire at Malton, in the east
partes of this shire, as now purposed to go to Kaerlyle with
them. They finde meanes now to convey them into Skot-
land from more inward fairs. But why shold that needy
nation esteem our horses at a greater pryse then our owen
country people do ? for it is the hope of Skotts money that
drawe these horses to Kaerlyle, and so the sellers confess.
There are also that sattel dwelling that way upon no substantiall
causes that I can learne. I wysh no more fugitives thither,
for they watch a tyme of returne, which they wyll by all
meanes hasten. Pardon my conceyt, my good Lord, it is
Kentysh, as far from the condition of these in mynde as in
country, and yet as near fully as the Skott is in good will to
the true English. We have many Skottish wytts amongst us.
The borderer's property of taking more then his own (for they
never steal) is gotten so into us, that cattell, sheep, and
horses were never so hard to keepe from theeves' handes,
even in the hart of this shire, as now : the complaintes are
many and great, the redress small. The Lord in his mercy
graunt us all trew English hartes, and preserve our such
vigilant preservers as he hath hitherto blessed us with, under
this her Majestie's most florishing empire, which we humbly
1590.] A SPANISH SPY. 409
beseech hym to contynue in his accustomed favour. Har-
wood, this 29th of Aug. 1590.
Your Honor's most humbly to dyspose,
James Rither.
SIR T. HENEAGE TO LORD BURGHLEY.
My Lord, this bearer, Lazarus Melchesio, coming hither
yesternight, and asking strange questions, with desire to
delyver letters to her Majestic from the King of Denmark, I
thought good, when I heard therof, to acquaynt my Lord
Chamberlayne withall, wherwith myself thought best to let
him know that it was not the manner of our princess to re-
ceive letters at the hand of strangers, except they were em-
bassadors, and therefore, taking his letters of hym, and
acquaynting her Majestic withall, (who commanded me to
read them to her,) upon consideration wherof, and fynding
that the words of the letters, importing his taking by the
Turkes, with his escape, doth not accord with the words of
his passport, which sheweth that he was taken in going in
pilgrimage to Compostella, her Majestic hath willed me to
signify to your Lordship that her pleasure is, he shold have
a passport made to departe presently into his own country,
or from this realme whither he wold, without any tarriance.
This much and no more have I leisure to wryte to your
Lordship, attending upon Don Antonio, King of Portugall,
but commend me humbly unto you, and letting your Lord-
ship knowe I suspecte this man to be both a Spanyard and a
spye. At the Courte, 23rd of September, 1590. The letter
from Denmark is here inclosed.
Your Lordship's bound at commandement,
T. Heneage.
410 AID SENT TO THE FRENCH KING. [MARCH,
SIR ROGER WILLIAMS* TO LORD BURGHLEY AND THE
COUNCIL.
Moste Honorables, yeslerdaie it was your Lordship's plea-
sure to shewe the roll of captaines by their names. More
then half of them are knowen unto me sufficient to take
charges ; a greate number of others, besides the rest in that
roll, although not knowen unto me, maie be as sufficient as
the others, perhapps knowen unto men of farr better judg-
ment then myselfe. To sale truthe, no man ought to meddle
further than his owne chai'ge. Touching the three captaines
that your Lordships appointed to go with me, I knowe
Folate and Coverd, but not the thirde. There is one Cap-
taine Folate, a Hampshire man, an honest gentleman, wor-
thie of a good chai'ge. There is another not worthie to be a
sergeant of a band, as Sir John Norris knows, with many
others ; and I do heare by my Lord of Sussex it is he.
Captain Coverd is woi"thie, but not comparable unto a dozen
others that have no charge ; but whatsoever your Lordships
direct unto me, I muste accept, and will do my best endeavour
to discharge my dutie towards the service comitted unto me.
But be assured that the more new captaines that are made,
the more will begg, I meane will trouble her Majestic after the
* The important aids with which Elizabeth furnished Henry IV.
during the first part of his reign_, both in money and men^ are well
known. Soon after the writing of this letter, Sir Roger Williams
passed over with 600 men to Dieppe, near which town the enemy
lay. The first service he did was, by forcing the enemy to de-
part and clear the wayes infested by them, and he was highly com-
mended for his valour by the King in letters to the Queen. He then
accompanied the King to the suburbs of Paris, and there, by a short
letter, challenged the Spanyards, who held the city against the King, to
send 200 pikes and 100 musketeers to encounter with so many English
in the field. Afterwards the King sent him with his troops to
Noyon, contrary to what he had in command from the Queen, and
there hazarded much English blood, whereby he incurred the Queen's
displeasure.
1591.] A SPANISH FLEET AT SEA. 411
warrs, unless the olde be provided for. I must confess I wrote
effectual for one Captaine Smithe unto Sir Philipp Butler ;
two of the name Sir John Norris will confess to be well wor-
thie to commaunde, at the least, three hundred men a-piece.
He that I named, my desire is that he may be one of myne.
I protest, on my poore credytt, I never delt with her Majestic
concerning any of those captaines, nor anything that your
Lordships spake yesterdaie before me; but true it is, I spake
before the Earle of Essex and Sir John Norris, it was pittie
that young captaines should be accepted and the old re-
fused. True it is that I toulde them also that the lieutenants
of the shire knew not those captaines so well as ourselves.
On my creditt, my meaning was the deputies lieutenants,
the which, as it was toulde me, had made all these captaines.
My speeches are no lawe, nor scarce good judgment, for
the warrs were unknowen to me 22 yeres agon. Notwith-
standing, it shall satisfie me, that the greatest generalls in
that time took me to be a souldier, for the which I will
bring better proofs than any other of my qualitie shall deny.
Humbly desiring your Lordships' accustomed good favor to-
wards me, I reste to spend my life alwaies at her Majestie's
pleasure, and at your Lordships' devotion. (March 27th,
1591.)
THE LORDS OF THE COUNCIL TO SIR THOMAS BODLEY.
After our hasty commendations, her Majestic, understanding
that the King of Spaine's fleete is come into the North Seas,
and it is doubted will make some attempt or incursions on
some part of her Majestie's dominions, to the annoyance of
her subjects, hath thought fit to lett you know so much, re-
quiring you to let the States of Holland understand, foras-
much as her Majestic is presently to put in readines and set
to sea her whole navy, to resist or prevent such attempts as
the enemy may do as is above said, for which purpose she
hath already sent such her shipps as lay now at hand,
412 SURPRISE OF ZUTPHEN. [MAY,
to impeach any hostile action to be attempted from Dmikirk,
or those parts to the west parts of this realme, her High-
nes thinketh it very needefull that such warlike shipps as
are in Holland should be presently sent to lye before Dun-
kirk, to withstand whatsoever in the absence of herMajestie's
ships may be attempted, to remaine there and upon that
coaste untill the returne of her Majestie's shipps, emploied
as above said, for some certaine knowledge of the enemie's
purpose, to be further signified to you fi^om hence. We
have to the like intent written to Sir Robert Sidney, and
therefore the matter being of so great importance, her Ma-
jestic doubteth not of your carefullness in the due and speedie
accomplishment of the premisses with all earnestnes, and to
advertise us speedily of your proceedings. And so we bid
you hartely farewell. From the Court at Theobald's, the 17th
of May, 1591.
Your loving frends,
W. BURGHLEY.
H. Derby.
C. Howard.
H. HUNSDON.
J. WOLLEY.
THOMAS BODLEY TO LORD BURGHLEY.
May it please your good Lordship, by my letter unto you
the 14th of this month, I have signified that Sir Francis
Vere was appointed by the Council of State before the in-
tended siege of Zutphen or Deventer should be undertaken,
and before the troupes of the country should assemble in those
quarters, to endeavour the surprise of the fort of Zutphen :
which we are informed at this very present, he hath performed
very happily ; so as now the countrey is freed from the enemy
on this side the river, and their other designes made more
easy by much to be atchieved by their forces. What numbers
1591.] THE QUEEN ON A PROGRESS. 413
of soldiers were within the fort, and what losse is sustained
of one side or other, there is nothing certified in particular.
Only this is yet signified by a letter sent in hast, that he
tooke it with a stratagem, by the meanes of 13 souldiers
which were cladde in boore's apparel, and armed underneath,
and with the assistance and company of certain other boores
of the countrey, which were knowen in the fort and neigh-
bourhood, and contrived very privately to enter a wel, which
they kept till such time as Sir Francis Vere possessed the
place ; because the advertisement is newly come, with a pre-
sent opportunitie for the sending of my letter, I would not
omit to impart it to your Lordship, and so I take my humble
leave.
From the Hage, May 17, 1591.
Your Lordship's most humbly bounden,
Tho. Bodley.
SIR ROBERT CECIL TO MICHAEL HICKES.
Mr. Hycks, I can wryte you nothing but that all is well :
my Lord holds on his progress, the Queen hunts and is
merry, you shall do well to come to Portsmowth, and you shall
do as well to leave all your recknings behind you.*
You cannot take any harme by bringing something to
Portsmowth that is daynty, although Bess Cecillf say it is
a shame for me thus to move you.
The French King will besiege Roan for certaine.
Your fi-iend full assured,
R. Cecill.
* The Queen was on a progress in Sussex and Hampshire. Ac-
counts of the hunting exploits will be found in Nichols's Progresses.
Lord Burghley accompanied the court.
t Sir Robert Cecil married Elizabeth, daughter of William Brooke
Lord Cobham.
414 THOMAS CHURCHYARD. [1591.
THOMAS CHURCHYARD TO MRS. PENN.*
Good Mrs. Pen, I never deserved your dyspleasure, and
have made her Majestie understand of my band' touchmg the
Earl, and for fear of resting^ I lie in the sanctuary, for albeit
you may favour me, yet I know I am in your danger, and am
honest and true in all myne actions. I fynd in court causes
to forsake it and the realm too, yet wold I see you and all
my friends well pleased, as knoweth God, who bless and pre-
serve you to his pleasure.
Yours in all as becometh me at commandment lovingly,
T. Churchyard.
SIR ROBERT CECIL TO MICHAEL HICKES.+
Mr. Hicks, your letters are welcome because they be not
short ; let mine not be unwelcome because they be not
longe, for the good will is all one.
Sir W. Rawley and I dined together in London : we went
to your brother's shop,| where your brother desired me to
wryte to my wife, in anywise not to let anybody know that
she paied under 3/. 10^. a yard for her cloth of silver. I
* Mrs. Penn was the mother-in-law of Michael Hickes. Poor
Churchyard appears to have been continually in some difficulty. By
other papers in the same volume from which this letter is taken, it
would seem that Churchyard had taken lodgings of Mrs. Penn for the
Earl of Oxford, giving his own bond for the payment, and that the
Earl leaving without paying, the burden fell upon the poet.
' Bond. ^ Arresting.
f The three following letters^ without date, are placed here because
they are written by, and addressed to, the same persons as the two last.
The letters to Mrs. Penn exhibit much kind feeling.
X Baptist, the youngest brother of Michael Hickes, succeeded to his
father's business. He was knighted by James I., and by Charles I.
was created Baron Hickes, of Ilmington, in Warwickshire^ and Viscount
Camden, of Camden, in Gloucestershire.
1591.] MRS. PENN. 415
mervaile she is so simple as to tell anybody what she paies
for everything.
It costs me not much to send two horses, one to the Erie,*
and another to you. If he meane to go, let him come home
to meet us all to-morrow night at my howse, where we will
supp and go away on Monday, so as we may be in towne
againe on Wednesday by noone, you to be at Court at night,
and I to be here to do some busines. If you come not, let
me know. If I heare not by 2 of the clock, I will expect.
Leave the key of my chamber safe, and so neare my sleeping.
I leave all things els to our meeting. Your trend, this
Saturday night late. If my wife will send me her black
cuff, I will send her on Monday a better.
SIR ROBERT CECIL TO MRS. PENN.
Good Mrs. Penn, I am very sorry to heare how extreme
syck you are, by your son Michael, my frend, and the
rather, understanding that you have not bene well ever since
you were here.
If you took any cold by coming to my Lord's howse,
being no way accustomed to stirr abroade of long tyme, I
hope it wyll away with discreet and warme keeping. If any
other conceipt shold trouble you, surely this letter may as-
sure you that there was not, nor is, the least suspicion con-
ceaved of any privity of yours to any ill of his who is now a
prisoner in the Gate-house. For my part, I do wish the
poore soule no harme. Some thyngs there are found out of
his lewd disposition to the State, which is the cause of his
restraint. With tyme it may be qualified, wherin though no
private respects shall make better or worse my conceipts of
any man's offences, yet shall I be the more apt in pity to
deale for him (I must confess,) if he do forbeare, according
to his vile humour, to raile at Mr. Henry Cecill out of the
* Of Essex.
416 MRS. PENN. [1591.
prison by letters, wherof I am informed, being of my blood,
and one who never deserved of him but too well. For the
letter you sent, it shews your sincerity, of which I was never
doubtfiill, as I have told your son often when he sued to me
for him. I wish you helth and contentment, and so do byd
you hartely farewell.
Your loving friend,
Ro. Cecyll.
SIR ROBERT CECIL TO MRS. PENN.
Good Mrs. Penn, your son, Mr. Mich. Hycks, hath delt
very ernestly with me, as from you, to be a meane to my
Lord in Mr. Skynner's behalf, for mitigation of his fyne and
enlargement owt of prison, of whom, although I have some
cause to think unkyndnes, in a particular matter of mine
owne, and that a very trifle, yet I am so persuaded in that
point by your son, as that being now required by you, I will
not only forget former cause, but also do for him any frend-
ship I may in his honest and good occasion. For the matter
it depends before the whole body of the counsaile, where my
Lord hath but one voice in number and equall power with
most of the rest, wherof some are greatly offended with Mr.
Skynner's detraction of his submission, which in reason-
able sort th'other Alderman hath performed willingly. You
may deale with him therfore to leave to stick upon his owne
opinion, wheron he standeth often too peremptorily, and to
confide himself to the Lords' liking, who will the sooner be
good unto him, to which I will not faile, as tyme serves, to
procure my Lord's favourable furtherance. And so wishing
I had some occasion to make you know indeed, how ready
my good will shall be alwaies for you or yours, I committ
you to God. From my lodging this Saturday night.
Your loving frend,
Rob. Cecill.
1592.] THE PURITANS. 417
SIR FRANCIS KNOLLYS TO LORD BURGHLEY.
My very good Lorde, I do forbeare to come unto you
presently for lacke of full strength, and partly to avoyde your
trouble from being combered with my weake body ; yet I can-
not but signifie this much unto you in writing, that I do mar-
veil how her Majestic can be persuaded, that she is in as
much danger of such as are called Purytanes as she is of the
Papysts, and yet her Majestic cannot be ignorant that the
Purytanes are not able to change the government of the
clergie, but only by petition at her Majestie's handes. And
yet her Majestic cannot do it, but she must call a parlement
for it, and no acte can passe therof unless her Majestic shall
give her royall assent therunto. And as touching their sedi-
tious going aboute the same, if the byshoppes, or my Lord
Chauncelor, or any for them, could have proved de facto,
that Cartewrighte and his fellow prisoners had gone aboute
any such matter seditiously, then Cartewrighte and his fol-
lowers had been hanged before this tyme. But her Majestic
must keepe a forme of justyce, as well against Purytanes as
any other subjectes, so that they may be tryed in tyme con-
venient, whether they be suspected for sedition or treason, or
whatever name you shall give unto it, being purytanisme or
otherwyse.
The 9th of Januarie, 1591.
RECORDER FLETEWOOD TO LORD BURGHLEY.
My very good Lord, I humbly thank your Lordship for
your honorable letters to my Lord of Buckherst in my son's
behalf. Every one of my masters of the benche do now dis-
claim and lay all the fault upon Mr. John Amersan, at Ag-
mondesham, who, I feare, be at this present not in case to
be talked withall, quoniam lucidus est inter valla, and espe-
cially ever about midsomer, and continually he is as malin-
choly as a curre dogge, according to the Bysshopricke pro-
VOL. II. E E
418 fletewood's last diary. [aug.
verb, surely an unfit man for to be a ruler over yong gent of
good famylies. My said Lord of Buckherst meaneth to send
for hym.
DIARIUM.
My Lord of Lincoln kept his bedd in the Flete. He is
glad that he is at libertie.
Kyrkham, using a stubborne abstinence for the space of
three daies, doth now fall to his meate and drynke. His de-
sire is, that he may have penne and inke to make his submis-
sion, and to have it delivered unto your good Lordship.
There is one John Vyneon, her Majestie's servant, in the
Flete for new buildings at Ratclyff. He spake to me to be a
sutor for hym unto your Lordship, and delyvered this letter
unto me, the which I have bene bold to inclose within these
my simple letters.
This day I rode to the Yeld Hall to sitt in the commision
for strangers, and in the lower end of the Cheape-side to-
wardes Poole's, there stood a man and a woman, both aged
persons, upon a skafold, with papers upon their heades. The
man was keper of the cundett there. These two lewd people
in the night entered into the cundett, and washed themself, et
adtunc et ibidem turpiter exoneraverunt ventres eorum, etc.
This day Mr. Recorder surrendered his office. The lot is
now to be cast betwene Mr, Serjeant Drew and one Mr.
Flemmynge, of Lincolne Inne. This present Satterday,
Your good Lordship's most bounden,
W. Fletewoode.
SIR JOHN BURGH TO LORD BURGHLEY.*
Ryght Honorable and my singular good Lord, the hope
* The following letters relate to the rich Spanish Carrack^ of the
taking of which Camden gives a detailed account under this year.
The embezzlement by the takers called forth a proclamation by the
Queen. Camden says, that besides what was plundered, its cargo was
worth a hundred and fifty thousand pounds.
1592.] CAPTURE OF THE SPANISH CARRACK. 419
which I put your Lordship in my last letter of meeting the
CaiTacks, has succeeded happily ^ for uppon the 3rd of this
month we mett with one, and fought with her from ten of the
clocke in the morning tyll one or two at nyght, which I wyll
referr to Captaine Cross to make report of to yoiu* Lordship,
being there present hymself As for the shypp, she is
very rich, but much spoyled by the soldiers being entred by
force, and to which it was not possible for me to give order
not of a long tyme, for that the Erie of Cumberland's men
stood upon their Lord's commission, and thereby challenged
as great a commaun dement as I, notwithstanding that I made
it knowen to the chief of them that I was joyned in her Ma-
jestie's commission with Sir Martyn Furbysher. I have now
taken possession of her in her Majestie's name and right, and
I hope, for all the spoyle that have been made, her Majestic
shall receive more proffyt by her then by any shypp that ever
came into England. I must crave pardon of your Lordship^
that I have not advertysed your Honor of this, for my Lord of
Cumberland's pynnace stole away unknowen to me, and I
durst not spare none of the shypp s tyll I was passed out of
danger of meeting one of the King of Spaine's armados, who
are dayly looked for about the islands. I wyll use the advyse
of the best maisters of this fleete, for the safe harboring of this
shypp ; and if the weather be fair, I wyll bring her up as
high as I shall be advysed by them 1 may with safety. I
shall not be able to receive direction from your Lordship, be-
cause if this wynde holde, I hope to be in England very soon
after this shall come to youi- Lordship's handes. And so,
resting allwayes at yoiu: Lordship's devotion, I wyll most
humbly take my leave of you. From aborde the C arrack,
the 17th of August.
Your Lordship's most ready ever at commaundement,
Jo. Burgh.
I most humbly beseche your Lordship to favour my poore
credytt so much as I may be joyned in commission with
E E 2
420 CAPTURE OF THE SPANISH CARRACK. [SEPT.
those that shall be sent for her Majestic for the surveying of
the goods. Sir Francis Drake was on the lyke, and there-
fore I presume to desyre the same.
SIR MARTIN FROBISHER TO THE COUNCIL.
My humble dutie, my honorable good Lordes, I sente
the gallion Rawley for England the fifteenth of Julie, with
a prize of Brasill sugar, which I hope is well arrived.
I mette with Captaine Crosse in the Foresight, the thirtie-
one daie of August, in fortie-seven degrees, and he gave me
to understande that the Foresight, the Rowbucke, and my
Lord of Cumberland's shippes, with the Daintie, and some
others, have taken one Carrecke, and another is burnte, and
the third it was my hard hap to misse in the Burlinges in a
darke night, having sight of her light the seventh of Julie.
But I am of opinion that my staie upon the coaste of Spaine
made the Kinge's fleete staie so longe upon the island, as
this Carrecke was the better come by. For I have kept
everie daie upon the coast, as by this letter herin inclosed
your Honours may partlie understand.
I understand by Captaine Crosse, that the Carrecke will
want ankers, cabells, and sails, and for that I am able out
of this shippe to furnish her in all thinges, I will for the
better safetie of her, keepe betwixt the Lizard and Hushing,
and so if God send weather, bringe her alongst for the Isle of
Wight, for she draweth thirtie feete of water, and there we
will staie to know your Honour's further pleasure, except
the wynd force us to some other harbour. I will have as
greate care as lyeth in my power to save all thinges ; for I
understand all the men of warr that hath bene at the taking
of this and the other Carrecke that burnte herselfe, have
made very greate spoyle, and hath it abord their shippes. I
will staie all the men of waiT, and suffer nothinge to land, as
neare as I may, till I heare from your Honours. I have had,
since the first of August, a greate sicknes amongst my com-
1592.] CAPTURE OF THE SPANISH CARRACK. 421
panie, which forceth me to put into Plimouth to land my
sicke men, but I meane not to staie there an hour, if the
wynd serve me. I have staide the Foresight with me, for
that I heare of some mutinie in the Carrecke with the other
shippes in her companie; but I do not doubte if I meete with
them but to pacify all thinges, till your Honours' further order.
Thus, with my prayer to the Allmightie for your honorable
estate, with all happines, I cease. This ... of September^
1592.
Your Honour's most humblie,
Martin Frobisher.
Notwithstanding my commandement to Captaine Crosse,
that he should go himselfe away, if he list, and leave the Fore-
sight, he hath very disorderlie carried her away, only to convey
such wealth away as he hath abord him, which is given me
to understand to the value of ten thousand pounds. This
bearer, Richard Ferris, was in the Foresight with Crosse,
and can advertise your Honours of Crosse's wealth, and all
the companie, and touching the mutinie in the Carrecke.
My chiefe cause of staying the Foresight, was for one pointe
to assist me for the wafting in of the Carrecke ; and secondlie,
for that the rest of the shippes that hath conveyed great store
of welth, should see that I began first with her Majestie's
shippe. I hope your Honours will consider the authoritie I
have by her Majestie's commission, and my own poor re-
putation, so long as I commanded him not in any thing but
for her Majestie's service. I understand there is one Captaine
Martchant, and Crosse his brother, that are appointed to con-
vey all these Jewells and wealth. The rest of the shippes had,
as I understand, a night and half a daie respect to carrie
out of the Carrecke what they list, before Sir John Bor-
rowes came ; for the night before she was taken. Sir Jolin
Borrowes layed the Carrecke abord, and received a shott
that had like to have sunk him, which forced him to fall off
againe to stop his leake, having six feet water in his hould. I
f
422 CAPTURE OF THE SPANISH CARRACK. [sEPT.
hope your Honours will restraine him of his liberty, till such
time as Sir John Burrowes and I will advertise your Honours
how he hath dealt with us both ; for disorderlie he went
from me off' the coast of Spaine, and disorderlie he is now^
comen from Sir John Borrowes. I am taking in of some
fresh men at Plimouth, so presentlie I mean to go to sea, to
waft home the Carrecke. Thus, with my humble duty, I rest.
Causson bay, this fourth of September, 1592.
Martin Frobisher.
The letter my man brought to your Honours should have
comen by Captaine Crosse.
SIR FRANCIS DRAKE, &c. TO LORD BURGHLEY.
Our humble duties remembered, it may please your
Lordship to be advertised, that yesterdaie here arrived
her Majestie's good shippe, the Gardland, with whom the
dale before the Foresight, (wherin is Captaine Crosse,) hap-
pened to meete, and sent this bearer aboarde to Sir Martin
Frobusher, to acquaynte him with the manner of taking the
Carrique, and the state they left her in, (which also we leave
wholly to his reporte.) But this last great storme arising, by
occasion wherof the boat could not passe to returne Ferris
aboard the Foresight, he contynuing in the Gardland, came
in here with Sir Martin, who expecting that Captaine Crosse
had followed him in, he, notwithstanding, in the night, as
it seemeth, packed on more saile, and is passed to the east-
w^ards. It is thought the shipp is rich, and because it is
to be doubted that th'other consorts which are coming with
the Carrique may happelie of purpose passe this place, we
have thought it our duties to give your Lordship speedie know-
ledge hereof by this messenger, that the lyke order (as is
here) may be sent to Portsmouth, Weymouth, and other
ports eastwards, for the intercepting of those men-of-warre,
1592.] DEATH OF THE DUKE OF PARMA. 423
where they shall happen straglinglie to arrive. Thus, untill
we heare further, we most humblie take our leave of your
good Lordship. From Plymouth, the 5th of September, 1592.
Your good Lordship's most humbly to commaund,
Fra. Drake,
William Kyllygrewe.
LORD BURGHLEY TO SIR THO. BODLEY.
Sir, I cannot omitt at this time, but to remember you what
good opportunitie there is to do some good in Flanders and
Brabant, upon the death of the Duke of Parma,* and before
any government can be stablished. Of which matter devising
with Monsieur de Caronthis day, by herMajestie's direction,
I understande by him that the States there have thought of
this matter before time, whilst the Duke was in danger, and
have therefore since his deathe sent secretlie divers discrete
messengers to the principal townes of Brabant and Flanders,
as Antwerp, Bruges, Gant, and Bruxelles, and other like, to
move them to take the advantage of the time, to be de-
livered of the government by Spaniardes and Italians, and to
procure, if it may be, the pacification of Gant to be graunted
to them and the countries, which course so taken by the
States her Majestic liketh so well, as if you shall find any such
entrie made by them, she would have you by all good meanes
to fmlher it, and to use her name in it, as a thing that she
would greatlie allow of. And if they have not entered thereunto,
yet her Majestie's pleasure is you should propound this mat-
ter unto them, and most earnestly require them in her name
to delay no time to attempt it, the meanes whereof cannot be
expresed so well to you or them, as themselves can thinke
expedient, specially considering there be a great number of
wise and good men of Brabant and Flanders, that are in the
* The Duke of Parma, who had led an army into France, to the aid
of the League, died at Arras, on the 3rd of December, 1592.
424 AFFAIRS OF FRANCE. [mA\,
Low Countries, under the States, fell from the tyranny of the
Spaniarde ; of which number it is likely the States and you
shall find many fitt persons to be used herein, as well for the
particular as the publique. The like I find by Monsieur
Caron, being natif of Bruges, that he will emploie his credit
the same way, onlie hast is required herin, and therefore I
do make an ende hereof. From Hampton Court, the 9th of
December, 1592.
Your verie loving fi-end,
W. BURGHLEY.
LORD BURGHLEY TO SIR ROBERT CECIL.
This evening after I received your letter, I had a letter
brought me dyrected from Dover, by which I only am ad-
vertised fi-om the Maior of his receipt of the letters which
were sent yesterdaye both from my Lords and from myself,
and from the ambassador, and within a little tyme afterwards
my LordCobham sent me certain letters, dyrected to him from
his levetenant of Dover. To make a comment of those let-
ters, for myne own ease, I leave it to you, and to gather what
you think fitt thereof to advertise her Majestie, for that they
contayn variety of intelligence, and in some part a lewde act
of him that brought the ladye's* letters that were dyrected to
Diep out of their waye. And yet it seemeth that at the tyme
of the writing of her letters to the governor of Diep she
was in some feare of the enemy, and for that purpose dyrected
her messenger both to the French King and to Monsieur
Espemon, her brother. But what was contained in those
letters I cannot gather.
By the letters of the Maior of Dover, you may perceive that
it is likely the Queen's Majestie's good-will will be notified
to the Lady, and to the governor of the towne also, and it
may be they both will be the bolder to crave some provisions
* This lady was Gabriclle d'Estrees, commonly known as la belle
Gabricllc, the favourite mistress of Henry IV.
1593.] LORD burghley's counsel. 425
of munitions and powder, wherof if the army be departed they
shall have no nede. And yet we shall have more nede to
kepe the same.
The great haste that the Lords made yesterday in the
morning, showed a great difference betwene their humors and
myne ; for though they were quicke as martiall men are most
commonly, and I slowe, as men in yeares are, yet I used no
delay for the purpose to understand the cause of the perill,
and so to provide remedy. In this I fynd by your letter, that
her Majestic misliked not my slowness, whereby I am the
better confirmed in my opinion.
I wrote to-day to you, that the augmentation of the ship-
ping might staye awhile untill we might see how the weather
would blowe over. For if the officers of the Admiraltie have
commandment to prepare the shipping, it will cost her Ma-
jestic one monthe's charge by presting, rigging, and victual-
ling, without a se'nnights' service.
The matter you write of concerning the ansAver to be made
by Lock is very picquant for difficulties on both sides, wherin
the rule of christian philosophic consisteth in difference be-
twixt utile and honestum. And yet utile incertum^ and yet
honestum cerium. But if honestum were reciproche, it were
to be preferred with more constancy. In private men's causes
cretisare cum cretensi is allowable. Thus you see how I
beginne to wander before I dare affirme anything. If my
hand were free from payne I would not commyt thus much
to any other man's hand,=^ and yet you may impart my words
to her Majestic without offence.
I pray you require Mr. WoUey to send me my Lord
Scrope's letters, and know of him what answer I may make
to Sir Thos. Wilsone, who doth only attend here to knowe
her Majestie's pleasure, being very unwilling to enter into the
charge, except there were a governor in the towne,t to beare ^
* The greater part of this letter is written by his Secretary, Henry
Maynard, as appears by the hand,
t Berwick.
426 LORD burghley's illness. [may,
the brunte of the charge, which the late Marshall did, and
with which charge Sir Robert Constable was beggard. For
the sute of Mr. Nowell, in my next I will get meanes to ad-
vertise you.
X I have sondry offers to ease me of my torment in my
head, which the offerors conceive to come of the quicksilver,
and therefore to give me the tyncture of gold. My nightly
paynes are so grevous, as I am ready to receive any offer,
and yet with feare for offending her Majestic, if I should
thereby impayre my healthe, contrary to her careful advise,
and yet I will not be hasty therein, but will presume that the
advise of her Majestic may have some secret impulse from
God, her head and my director, to serve her for hym. You
see that my hand now serveth my hart, without excuse.
From my house in Westminster, the 21st of May, 1593.
Though I want feet to go to the Hall, yet I forbeare not to
be occupied there, with payne to ease others.
Your loving father,
W. BURGHLEY.
LORD BURGHLEY TO SIR ROBERT CECIL.
I have received your letter of this 28th. Hereupon,
though I am weak, and uncertayn how I shall be able to
come to the Court, yet I am in mynd to come to-morrow to
the Court, with opinion that after one or two dayes her Ma-
jesty will licence me to return, to seke my amendment, or to
take my jorney to follow universam mam carnis ; and to this
latter jorney I am most disposed, with persuasion that if
sowles have sense of earthly thy nges, I shall be in God's
sight an intercessor for the prosperitie of his Church here,
and for her Majestic, as his governor therof to his glory. You
must allow me to be in this humor, for I fynd no other taste
of any other thyng.
X Here begins Lord Burghley's own hand- writing.
1593.] LORD burghley's wooing. 427
If I shall be able by coache or litter (for I provyde both)
1 will be with you to-morrow.
Your loving father,
W, BURGHLEY.
Untill this dynner tyme I have had nother kyn nor inward
friend to see me or salute me, but multitude of sutors that
only come for their own causes.
(May 28, 1593.)
LORD BURGHLEY TO SIR ROBERT CECIL.
I dare not write to you of my wowing mentioned hereto-
fore, untill I heare how her Majesty alloweth of my absence
to follow it. But in the meantyme you may assure her Ma-
jesty that I fynd no gi'eat hope of speedy success. I fynd
the lady* somewhat strange to give eare to my request, for
that she useth not to give audience in clowdy and fowle
weather, and therof is here too great plenty, but yet betwixt
showres I do attend and follow her trayne.
Thus much metaphorically, I trust without offence to her
Majesty. Now literally : I do send you the letters from
Mr. Bowes, which I have read, and the decree of the Con-
vention, as you may see by my notes ; whereunto if her Ma-
jesty will have me make answer, I will do so.
I send you also herewith a letter from Mr. Warburton,
whom her Majesty allowed by her warrant to exercise [the
office of Vice-chamberlayn in Chester. By it you shall see
how necessary it is for execution of justice to all that have
sutes from any superior courts in that Countie Palatyne,
that there be a chamberlayn ; and therefore, as her Majesty
shall allow the now Erie to occupy that office, so may her
Majesty do well to passe it to him of her mere gratuitie, with-
* It is scarcely necessary to say that the lady Lord Burghley wooed
was Health.
428 AFFAIRS OF IRELAND AND FRANCE. [dEC.
out any appearance of this necessity. If her Majesty assent
therto, you may do well to procure a bill from Mr. Attorney.
I looke before I slepe to heare from you, how far her Ma-
jesty do allow of my simple opinion for the Irland causes.
7 December, 1593, at Theb.
Your loving father,
W. BURGHLEY.
LORD BURGHLEY TO SIR ROBERT CECIL.
I have received your letter written this daye, late at night,
and because with it and other writinges which you sent me,
there are many points to be answered, for ease of my hand I
do use my Secretarie, and do answer the parts of your letter
as they lye in order.
* # * # #
The second poynt of your letter concerneth my former
allegoricall letter written to you, in which I perceive her
Majestic discovered the literall sense thereof before the
mydst of it scene. I must confesse that my cunning therein
was not sufficient to hide the sense from her Majestic, al-
though I think e never a ladye besides her, nor a decipherer
in the courte, would have dissolved the figure to have found
the sense as her Majestic hath done. And where her Ma-
jestic alloweth of me, that T made myself merry, in very
truthe I did it rather to make her some sport, (myself therein
not altered, no otherwise then her Majestie's lute is in her
own hand, that maketh others merry, and continueth itself
as it was.)
For the matteis of Ireland, I perceive her Majestic yester-
night meant to heare them this day, and for your question
what sum of money might be reasonably required, I think
five or six thousand pounds very nedefull, so as Sir Henry
Wallopp be moved to procure payment of the overplus of
1593.] SIR JOHN NORRIS IN FRAFCE. 429
the Quene's ordinary revenue due there, above all ordinarie
fees for offices of the realme payd.
Now, to the greatest matter of all these, concerning the
letters from Sir John Norreis, written the last of October,
which I returne unto you, dated at Pontrieux, and so do I
also now send you another of his, dated the next daye fol-
lowing, at Pempole, which came to me with yours. And for
the matters contayned in his former letter, and the disposi-
tion in her Majestic for the safetie of her troupes, upon her
opinion of the breach of the truce, I am in doubt what advise
to give unto her Majestic, by reason of the diversitie of the
dyrections which have bene sent to Sir John Norreis ; the
last wherof, as you may remember, was, wherewith her Ma-
jestic was acquainted, that considering her Majestic was
advertised both from the King and from the States of Brit-
taine, that certaine deputies should come from the States to
treate with her Majestic for the continuance of her forces, and
satisfaction for her charges, both paste and to come, and that
Sir John Norreis desired privately to come over, he was
lycensed by her Majestic to informe himselfe well of the
legation of the deputies, and so to come over to give her
Majestic better information, and to leave the troupes in
surety. And this was the last dyrection made unto him to
my knowledge. Which might be allowed to continue, if
there were not newe matter advertised by Sir John Norreis,
by this his last letter, wherin he declareth his opinion, that
notwithstanding the truce accepted by the Duke Mereur,
yet by letters from the Mareschall unto him, he is advised to
stand upon his gard, arguing thereby a doubt whether the
tiTice would be performed or not.
* # # # #
By his latter letter, which her Majestic hath not yet scene,
I see the intention of the sending of the deputies hither from
the States is, as I at the first did conjecture, to borrow money
of her Majestic, which in a paraphrasis is, to carry away
money, and to leave writings under scales, whereof her Ma-
430 ELIZABETH AND LORD BURGHLEY. [fEB.
jestie liatli a greate plenty, so as the coming of these deputies
may be better looked for than welcome.
% ^- ^ * ^
I perceive her Majestic looketh for me by the end of the
next weke. Wheruppon you may say merely to her Ma-
jestic, that I am so disposed, if God permitt me, whether I
spede in my wowing or no. For if I do spede, then I may
not fayle, but if I spede not by all that weke's pursute, I will
trouble myself no more with following her in the countrey,
but will lyve in hope to fynd her at the court, where I know
she will come to serve her Majestic all these Christmas
hollydayes.
God gyve you grace. From my house at Theobald's, the
7th of December, 1593.
Your loving father,
W. BuRGHLEY.
If her Majestic mislyke my opinion for the care of her
Majestic, I am no opiniaster, but an opynor.
LORD BURGHLEY TO SIR ROBERT CECIL.
^ ^ ^ ^ *
Even now I received your letter, wherin you report her
Majestie's care for my helth, for the which I most humbly
thank her, hoping that her good wishings shall help to re-
turn me to strength for her service, which I esteme the ser-
vice of God, whose place she holdeth in earth. That was
spoken of my answer, that before dynner I was no man, and
after dynner half a man, was thus far misreported. For 1
sayd before dynner I was but one quarter of a man, and
after dinner half a man, now for some increase to better, by
drynking of a draught of red wyne and sugar, and synce your
good going to me, I make accompt to be three-quarters of
a man whole, and one quarter syck. Thus I am pleased in
1594.] HENRY IV. ENTERS PARIS. 431
a fancy to express my estate, wherwith you may acquaynt
her Majestie, when she hath no other matter to hearken to.
I thank her Majestie for her offer to me of my Lord Admi-
rairs lodging, but I never had audacitie to require other
lodging than was allotted me, and yet I presume my Lord
Admirall will without offence yield therto.
God send her Majestie a well-disposed carnyvall, or a
care-vale, to be rid of all cares !
(Feb. 10th, 1593.)
Your loving father,
W. BURGHLEY.
THE EARL OF HUNTINGDON TO LORD BURGHLEY.
I hartilie thanke your Lordship for imparting unto me the
good newes sent from Sir Robert Sydneie,*" her Majestie's
embassador in Fraunce, of the Kinge his peaceable entrie
into Parris, and quiet setling there, thoughe his coming
thither were with some souldiours, after a warlike manner.
God make him thankfuU for those mercies which the Lord
pleaseth to shewe unto him, and then (I hope) we shall heare
of his hartie repentaunce for his late fowle fall,t which God
graunte him in due time ! if it be his good will.
I did receave these letters from your Lordship in my
journie hither from the funerall of the Lord Evre, whither
myselfe, and such of this counsell as was here, were invyted.
Before my coming to this towne, I was advertised of the
Lord Bothwell { his being here, but whatsoever was his pur-
* Sir Robert Sydney was the brother of Sir Philip Sydney, and was
equally distinguished by his bravery and conduct in the wars of the
Low Countries. By James the First he was created Earl of Leicester.
He died in 1626.
t Henry IV. of France, in the preceding year, had deserted the
Reformed religion, of which he had been so long the champion, and
embraced the creed of Rome.
+ The Earl of Bothwell, who raised a party for the Spaniards and
Catholics, broke out into open rebellion this year, and caused much
432 LORD BURGHLEY. [MARCH,
pose, he sodcnlie departed, and is gone to the borders againe
There was in his companie only one Scottishraan, the Lord
of Netherbie, who married the Earle his sister, George
Selbie, sonne unto one William Selbie, marchaunt of New-
castle, and one Richard Soiithwike, whose father dwelleth
in Cumberland.
Thus taking my leave, I do commit your Lordship to the
protection of th'Almightie. At Yorke, the 25th of March,
1594.
Your Lordship's loving frend assured,
H. HUNTYNGDON.
LORD BURGHLEY TO SIR ROBERT CECIL.
By your letter, and by the message of Mr. Loveless, I per-
ceive her Majestic wold have me come to the court to-morrow,
being Satyrday, but the tide serveth me at night, for I am
not in good helth on the forenoons, and therfore I will pre-
vent the commandment, making it meritum^ and with God's
leave I will come thyther at this evening tyde. You may
tell Symmons so, but not provyde me anything but a new
layd Q%^^ for I have vowed to fast this day, without super-
stition.
I send such two letters as I received from Sir Robert
Sydney, the latter of the 16th, by which I see that as then
he had not received the letters sent from hence. I send you
also Atwell Smyth's, assuring the rendition of Roan, which
must needs bryng on St. Mallos.
March 29th, 1594.
Your loving father,
W. BuRGHLEY.
confusion in Scotland. His strong hold was the borders of the two
kingdoms. The Queen issued a proclamation against harbouring him
or his adherents.
1594.] LORD burghley's health. 483
LORD BURGHLEY TO SIR ROBERT CECIL.
I marvell that I heare not from you concerning the letters
to be sent into Ireland, whyther also I have in readiness
some from myself.
Now will you thynk also long to heare of my forspoken
pilgrimage to the bath, but I am yet in deliberation non-
injudicially, my continuance in payne without remission
moveth me to harken to all meanes of remedy or ease. I
have bene occupied both with lytigious causes in the
checquer and the wards all this daye, and have found meanes
to ease the first griefes of complaynants. I have had also
now this evening by report, the sondry opinions of physi-
cians concerning the baths, but therin mo reasons of dissua-
sions than of provocations, and that which is worst from
none any direct advise for my cure, only exercise of body
and idleness of mynd is prescribed. For these two I have
none to furder me but her Majestic. If I might have a
receipt therof from her Majestie's cabynett, I wold make
proof, to be able to be her Majestie's porter at Theobald's,
upon her second jorney.
Thus much you may blab to her Majestic, if she ask of
me. I wryte almost in the dark. April 25th, 1594.
Your loving father,
W. BURGHLEY.
LORD BURGHLEY TO SIR ROBERT CECIL.
As I was coming in my coache from Grenwich, certain
letters were brought to me, directed from Mr. Bowes, the
reading wherof occupyed me untill I came to Lambhith
Fields, neare Paris Garden, which I folded up into a piece
of paper, lacking wax sufficient, which I thynk also will
occupy you in reading as they did me, but how her Majestie
VOL. II. F F
434 FRENCH AFFAIRS. [SEPT.
will judg therof, and how she will precede, 1 know not.
Certainly I see that without some money the Kyng will
continue his delayes. I am not able to warrant any counsell,
and yet somewhat must be adventured either with money
or without money.
I send you a bill to be signed for reduction of the eleven
hundred men from Flushyng, for that I see there is no suffi-
cient warrant, as there is for them that shall come from
Pempole.
If the Scottish causes shall not hynder me, I mynd only to
see Thebald's on Wednesday at night, and return on Thurs-
day at night, to the court, or to London.
May 5th, 1594.
Your loving father,
W. Burgh LEY.
LORD BURGHLEY TO SIR ROBERT CECIL.
I do send here included letters sent to Mr. Edmunds, of
the 21st of August, containing sondry things, wherof I think
her Majestic will have much mislyking, as the dowtfulness of
the Duke of Monpensier's journey to Britain with new forces,
wherof the Kyng by his letters made so firm a promise, as in
truth I made accompt that we should have heard out of
Britaine of his arryvall there. Herewith, I think her Ma-
jestic should do well to cause the French ambassador to be
charged, for, as I think, he did inform her Majestic, uppon
letters fi:om the King, of the Duke Monpensier's purpose.*
The other matter to be mislyked is the message under
* After the French King had embraced the Catholic religion, the
famous League which had so long deluged France with blood, was dis-
solved. But the Spaniards who had been called into Brittany by the
French Catholics, refused to give up the places which were in their
hands, and still carried on the war, being opposed by Norris and the
English forces.
1594,] PLOT TO POISON THE QUEEN. 485
hand from the King of Spayn, to have one sent to Bayon to
conferr of a peace. Whereto, though the King pretendeth a
mislyke, yet sarely the Catholique counsellors, with the dis-
position also of the people, will work some furder operation
therin, and so both England and all the protestants in France
shall fele the smart therof. But I am bold to hope of the
favor of the Kyng of kyngs, that can abridg the Kyng of
Spayne's life, and show some notable avendg upon the French
Kyng for his perfydie towards God and man. My hand is so
weak, as I am unable to wryte any more. 4 September,
1594.
Your loving father,
W. BURGHLEY.
SIR HENRY MAYNARD TO MICHAEL HICKS.
Mr. Michaell, I thinke this my letter will finde you at
London, and therefore I will not trouble you with your
Essex progresse, untill om* meeting. By my wife's letter I
perceive that my lanterne and porche began not to be raised
untill Mondaie last, and so have I hearde out of the country,
whereby if I should go thither, as I intended, I should hardly
see the one or the other up, and therefore I mean to differ
my journey as neare towardes Michaelmas as I can, and so
you may returne when you are filled with your pleasure.
The busines that I have had, and that we have been
most busied withall, hath been in the dispatch of Sir Thomas
Wilkes to the Archduke Ernestus,^ to expostulate with him
* The Spaniards this year made a new attempt to take off the Queen,
who was to have been poisoned by her physician, Roderigo Lopez.
Nearly all the persons concerned in the plot were Spaniards or Por-
tuguese. The Queen, says Camden, ^^ remaining undaunted, with a
manly spirit and provident caution, reposing her trust in God, con-
demned these treacheries, and often called to mind that of the kingly
Psalmist, Thou art my God, my times are in thy hands. Yet did she
F F 2
436 PLOT TO POISON THE QUEEN. [oCT.
the wicked practises of the Spanishe Kinge's ministers, and
her Majestie's rebelles, in going about to take her Majestie's
life, by poysonings and murderings. This hath much busied
us : and letters are sent to Sir Edward Norris for the procur-
ing of a passport. This is a counsell matter, and therefore to
be secrett. Another matter presently troubles us, and that
is to have Sir William Fitzwilliams charged with Legge's
informations, which hath cawsed my Lord to ransack all his
bagges of his time, as you shall perceive at your returne, and
we do expecte w^hat will become of the Earle of Tirone,*
having received no letters out of Ireland since your depar-
ture. We are all here in healthe, and my Lord as busie as
may be in this matter. The monarque hath left his throne,
and now humbleth himself to dine in the cole-house every
daye with his followers. Mr. Brocas hath with much ado
yielded the howse for Mrs. Carre, and I have sent my stuffe
to my howse at Clapham. If I had further matter you should
be partaker therof. In great hast, from the Court, the 14th
of Sept. 1594.
Your's alwaies,
H. Maynard.
I
LORD BURGHLEY TO SIR ROBERT CECIL.
I see by your letter how desirous her Majestic is to have
me there : now^ I have a mynd to come thy ther to-morrow, but
you shall not be known therof untill I shall come. Cause
advertise Ernest, Archduke of Austria, governor of the Belgick pro-
vinces for the Spaniard, of these treacheries plotted by Ibara and other
Spanish ministers, and English fugitives, to the end he might wipe
away from himself the aspersion of this crime, by punishing his officers
and ministers, and delivering into her hands the English architects of
so great impiety."
t The Earl of Tyrone, who had been engaged in extensive rebellion,
had submitted himself to the new deputy, Sir William Russell.
1594.] LORD burghley's illness. 437
my chamber to be made ready. Herin I shall venture
percase my life, but I remit all to God. Fiat voluntas sua /
13th October, 1594.
Your loving father,
W. BURGHLEY.
LORD BURGHLEY TO SIR ROBERT CECIL.
Though I did require you to inform her Majestic of my
great weakness, increased upon me since I came from court,
so as I found myself unable to perform my resolute intention
to return as this daye, with a mynd, if her Majestic shold re-
move shortly to Richmond, to aventure to come thyther, yet
because Mr. Chancellor, now at 11 of the clock, telleth me
that her Majestic sayd she looked for me this night, which
he says he thought I was unable to do, I have thought good,
in this my perplexity, being chiefly carryed afore all other
purposes to satisfyce her Majestie's mynd, to require you to
understand what her Majestic shall herin direct forme to do,
and I will obey the same notwithstanding any difficultie, but
privation of life ; which also, if the same may proffit her ser-
vice, I can readily yield unto, and therby enter into the
eternall service of Almightie God, I hope in heaven.
I pray you procure and send me spedy answer, for until
that I shall remayn Jluctuans, preplexed.
I am sorry to perceive by Mr. Chancellor, that her Majes-
tic is not more inclynable to relieve the Erie with some
graunt of parkes, in such sort as may be no diminution to
her Majestie's revenue, and yet relieve him, in a sort very
reasonable. I move not these things for the Erie, pro merito,
hwl pro condigno for her Majestic.
This Satyrday, 18 or 19 (the 19th Oct. 1594.)
Your loving father,
W. BURGHLEY.
438 IKELAND — REBELLION IN ULSTER. [NOV.
SIR RICHARD BINGHAM TO THE COUNCIL.
It may please your Honours, taking occasion to send the
bearer, my servaunt, into England, I thought it my dutie to
advertise the same briefly of the state of things here, being
desirous to showe some part of my serviceable good will and
thankfuUnesse towards your Honours for all your honorable
favors, which otherwaies I cannot do, having not the means
to deserve the same. The greate ones of Ulster have of late
more openlie shewed themselves in nature of rebellion, then
at the first, when Magwier only raised heade, and howsoever,
some may suggest matter in favour of the greatest, I see not
how her Majestie can well take it upp without correcting the
offenders, for they have by degrees commytted much violence,
and how the harmes of the subjectes will be recompensed on
good assurance had for preservation of her Majestie's peace,
where the traitorous subjects shall require conditions, I leave
to their judgments which best knoweth the proceedings of
Ireland, myself being the least able to say anything of Ulster,
fur that I am a straunger to the partes of that province, saving
Fermanagh and Teirconnell, which are held by O'Donnell and
Magwier, both two neere borderers unto Connaght. But if
her Majestie be pleased and your Honours, to have the Lord
Deputy do any thing against the bad Ulster men, I wish it
might please the same to give his Lordship all due assistance
and contynaunce, that he may with less strength and tyme
go through with it, or so much as shall be thought requisite
to undertake. And for Feagh M'Huge, the mountayne
neighbour here,* I do not doubte but a small strength e shall
overthrowe him, for indeed he is a very baggadge knave, and
upheld against all reason, lying as he dothe amongest the best
* Feagh Mac-Hugh, who was in rebellion in Leinster, and narrowly
escaped being taken by the Deputy. His wife, a notorious character
amongst the rebels, was taken and condemned to be burnt, but her life
was spared by the Queen.
1594.] THE KING OF FRANCE. 439
subjects of the realme, and contynued so neere the state, to
the great detriment of her Majestie's good subjects.
The province of Connaght (God be praised for it) is
generally quiett, and good assurance for the contynuance
therof: only the subjects of the county of Sligo, which lye
open to the incursions of O'Donnell's people, are now and
then by stealthe oppressed, and being once taken over the
Earne into Teirconnell, there is no hope to pursue the same.
But if Beeleck were reeddified and Ballyshannon taken into
her Majestie's possession, Connaght were wholly assured
from the partes of Ulster, and the passage stopped either
from Scotts or other Irish rebelles, which have bene wont to
annoye us. And so humbly remembring my dutie unto your
Honors, as one always ready at your Honor's command, and
wishing my abilitie were able to do your Honour better ser-
vice, I take my humble leave. From Dublin, the fomlh of
November, 1594.
Your Lordships' most humblie at commandment,
R. Bingham.
LORD BURGHLEY TO SIR ROBERT CECIL.
I thank you for sending to me the copy of her Majestie's
letters to the French Kyng, assuring myself that there could
no such marye come out of any knuckles but of hers that in
all graces by nature, by calling, by long experience, is of such
perfection as none can attayn unto. In this letter, though
I knolledg my weaknes to judg therof, yet I see every sen-
tence full of matter of great valine, in a princely kyndness to
a Kyng very acceptable, in congratulating his escape very
comfortable, in advising him how to preserve his person more
carefull than she is for herself, otherwise than she leaveth all
to the care of God, in advise further to remove the nursery of
his common enemies, without relenting to contrary counsells,
so wisely and religiously, as of all these thyngs I am sure no
440 MARRIACiE OF BURGHLEY's GRANDDAUGHTER. [dEC.
secretary nor orator could so lyvely express her princely
mynd.
For her hope to have me dance, I must have a longer
tyme to leran to go, but I will be ready in mynd to dance with
my hart, when I shall behold her favorable disposition to do
such honor to her mayd, for the old man's sake.*
I wish her Majesty would send some treasure into Irland,
and that her Treasurer might see to the orderly expence therof
better than his clerks have done these six yeres.
(Dec. 2, 1594,)
Your loving father,
W. BURGHLEY.
The argument of my letter hath tempted my hand to wryte
thus much.
LORD BURGHLEY TO SIR ROBERT CECIL.
I send herewith unto you two packets of letters brought
out of Ireland : the greater is of the elder date, and the lesser
of a later. I minde not to write unto you the particulars
therof, for that they be verie many, and therefore to be more
diligently perused. My healthe serveth me not to enter into
any finall consideration therof, but onlie two thinges are ne-
cessary : increase of the forces, which I am sorie to see so
longe delayed from coming out of Bretaigne, although I
knowe not whom to blame : the second is to send monie
thither for maintenance of the garrisons already in that
realme, considering it doth appeare by the certificate of the
Treasurer's deputie, that of the treasure sent over last
there is nothyng remayning, as by the accompt of the Trea-
surer's deputie may appeare. But therein no mention is made
* Alluding to the preparations for the marriage of Lord Burghley's
granddaughter, Elizabeth Vere, eldest daughter of Anne Countess of
Oxford, with \Villiam Earl of Derby.
1594.] THE LOW COUNTRIES. 441
of a great sum of mony that remained in the handes of the
Treasurer's deputie this last yeare, for the which the Trea-
surer had good assurance for repayment.
From my howse in the Strand, this 27th of December, 1594.
Your loving father,
W. BURGHLEY.
1 leave no hope to amend towardes the world. ♦
LORD BURGHLEY TO SIR ROBERT CECIL.
Though my hand is unable to light, and my right eye un-
able to take a levell, yet they both do stoop to return my hum-
ble thankes for continuance of her favor at this tyme, when
I am more fitter for an hospital, than to be a party for a
marriage.
T will be a precise keeper of myself from all cold untill
Fryday, on which daye I will venture to come thyther.
If you shall heare that this night I have played at post
and pare, you will guess that I shall recover, for I have lost all
I playd for.
(2 Jan. 1594.)
Your loving father,
W. BURGHLEY.
LORD BURGHLEY TO SIR ROBERT CECIL.
I send to you herewith Mr. Bodeley's letter, being the
first received since he departed. By it only appeareth his
entrance into the matter of his charge. By his next will
appear, upon the States' answer, what may be expected, so
as untill then I see no cause of his further instruction.*
* There arose some difference between the Queen and the States at
this time about the payment of their debts, the Queen representing to
44-2 NEW BISHOPS. [APRIL,
As for Colonell Stuard's negociation, I weigh it not much.
If he can get for the Kyng* a piece of mony, I thynk it will
gage hym that waye from harkening to papisticall confederacy,
or from other harmfull league with France, from whence he
may have shews of friendship without substance.
I am glad that her Majestic is satisfy ed with my answer
for Mills's imprisonment.
You forgett the matter for the Queue's assurance of certain
rents from the two Bishopsf of Wynchester and Durham,
and therewith the attorney's request to be furder assisted with
another sergeant and sollicitor.
How her Majestic will have the Lord Deputie of Irland
answered, uppon your report of our conference, which because
you wTite that you have reported with her Majestie's allow-
ance, T have privately, having opportunity to send to hym,
by my private letter advertised him a good part of our opi-
nions, without prescribing to him any direction untill her Ma-
jestie shall direct the same ; and to informe you how I have
remembered the same, I send you a copy of my private
letter, which may be affirmed or controlled by a more gene-
ral letter from the counsell.
(17 Feb. 1594 )
Your loving father,
W. BURGHLEY.
LORD BURGHLEY TO SIR ROBERT CECIL.
1 thank you for your letter, which I cannot answer with
myne own hand in any sort. I allow your discretion in con-
cealing from the Queue my last night's paines, and though I
them the great burden which they had long been and now in particu-
lar were to her. It was arranged by a compromise, the States agree-
ing to contribute in greater proportion than they had done.
* Of Scotland.
t Thomas Cooper and Richard Barnes, the former of whom had been
newly elected to his see.
1595.] THE KING OF SCOTLAND. 443
had yesterday a painefull journey with my hand, and have had
this night a continuance thereof with some new paine in my
foote, whereby I am forced to kepe my bed this forenoone,
yet you shall do well not to be knowne herof to any. If I had
come well hither, and the wether fayre, I might have tarryed
here but two dales, but now I know not how long I shall be
forced to tarry here by this ill-accident, which seeing it was
to fall out at this time, I am glad I am here without company
to trouble me. And so God blesse you with his grace.
From my howse at Theballd's, the 29th of April, 1595.
I send you a letter of Mr. Carye's, with a ticket of a pro-
gresse intended by the Kyng of Scotts, to come to the sight
of Barwick, for which purpose he is desirous to know how he
shall behave himself at that time ; whereof I pray you make
my LordChamberlayn privy, to the intent he may understand
the Queue's mind, and as for the workes to be done there, I
will give order by the next letter to have the same per-
formed.
LORD BURGHLEY TO SIR ROBERT CECIL.
I am willinger than able to come on Monday, and yet Mr.
Chancellor and I have appointed a speciall meeting here that
afternoone with the office of the Custom House, and so must
my Lord Keper and I with other judges mete to-morrow
about difficult busynes, so as I am not idle in my afternoone,
though far unable to beare such burdens. I cannot saye
that I will come on Monday, but I must saye I must be car-
ryed there very paynfully, and unmete to be sene to her Ma-
jesty's presence.
I have bene thoroughly occupy ed this day.
(May 20, 1595.)
Your loving father,
W. BuRGHLEY.
444 HOLLAND AND IRELAND. [jUNE,
LORD BURGHLEY TO SIR ROBERT CECIL.
I cannot yet get out of my bedd. What I shall be able to
do to-morrow I know not. For the manner of returning of
Mr. Bodeley with her Majesty's answer of misliking both of
the States' answer and of his coming back uppon their ad-
vise, I cannot but very well allow therof, and I think he
ought to try them with so many reasons as the tyme serveth
for her Majesty, after ten yeres' charge, without either mony
or any donative of gratitude from them by waye of present-
ment of their thankfulness, adding that her Majesty is now
also provoked in Ireland to enter into a charge not estimable,
whereto she hath no hope of any help, but of hyndi'ance by
Spayne and otherwise.
If they shall be content to paye her Majesty's people, and
grant a good yerely sum towards the discharge of their debt,
her Majesty remayning their protector, and they continuing
their defence agaynst the Kyng of Spayne, I could be content
to see her Majesty so eased of this growing charge.
Thus I so scrible, not without payne.
(May, 1595.)
Your loving father,
W. BuRGHLEY.
LORD BURGHLEY TO SIR ROBERT CECIL.
You may by the beginning of this included letter judg of Sir
John Norrice' forv^^ardness, which you may shew to her Ma-
jesty, with an intention how it is meant to take the Erie's*
* Of Tyrone. Ireland was this year, partly by the intrigues of the
Spaniards, brought to a very troubled and uncertain state. Sir John
Norris was sent over to take the chief military command, and to act
in conjunction with the deputy. The Earl of Tyrone was again in
rebellion, and Norris marched against him, and victualled Armagh,
but no very great success attended on him, though in the latter part of
the year Tyrone submitted to him. Much injury was done to the
service by jealousies which arose between Sir John Norris and the
Lord Deputy, Sir >Villiam Russell.
1595.] EXPEDITION AGAINST THE SPANIARDS, 445
chief howse, whicli they cannot do without passhig the Black-
water, how^soever a contrary opinion assure her Majesty.
You may also see the reasons iterated, for accepting of
Few McHugh, but his offers have not bene secrett, neither
will his son nor his other companion be easily taken and de-
lyvered.
I have sent for Sir H. Hilligrew and the rest to be with me
to-morrow at 7 of clock, where 1 wish Sir Tho. Wilkes
might be present, and so tell hym.
I think to speake with Sir Fr. Drake this night for Plym-
mouth.
And so I thank you your too much care of me in sending
to know how I do, which, I thank God, is well, but tyred
with London stones.
Your loving father,
W. BURGHLEY.
I miss two of my brood, a male and a female, but I think
they are forthcoming, ready to return when they shall be
called for.
(June, 1595.)
' SIR F. DRAKE AND SIR J. HAWKINS TO LORD BURGHLEY.*
Our duty in most humble manner remembred, it may please
your Lordship, we have answerd her Majesty's letter we
hope to her Highnes' contentment, whom we would not wil-
lingly displease.
We humbly thanke your Lordship for your manyfold fa -
vours which we have allwayes found never vary able, but with
all favour, love, and constancy, for which we can never be
* The English carried on during the present year a very destruc-
tive war with the Spaniards in their colonies. Drake and Hawkins
were sent with a fleet to Porto Rico, on the report of a great mass of
treasure brought thither. But they were not so successful as was
expected, and before their return both these brave sailors died at sea.
446 ELIZABETH AND THE TURKS. [sEPT.
sufficiently tliankfull, but with our prayers to God long to
blesse your good Lordship with honour and health.
We thinke it be true, that some small men of warre be
taken upon the coast of Spayne, but they are of very small
moment ; they be for the most part such small cai-vels as
was before this taken from the Spanyards. Some small num-
ber of our men are yet in Spayne, which is the only losse,but
as we leanie, there be not above one hundreth left in Spayne
of them, but many returned already into England. And so
loking dayly for a good wynd, we humbly take our leave.
From Plymouthe, the 18th of August, 1595.
Your Lordship's ever most bounden,
Fra. Drake.
John Hawkyns.
LORD BURGHLEY TO SIR ROBERT CECIL.
At your departure yesterdaie, I had no leisure to deliver
sundry things unto you, which now with these my letters in
a heape I send unto you.
First, you shall receive Mr. Bodeleie's letter, dated the
27th of the last monthe, the contentes wherof you may at
convenient tyme, or the letter itself, shewe to her Majestic,
wherein I see he moveth some scruples and doubts how her
Majestic may be satisfied.
I send to you also a copy of a letter written out of Russia,
by John Morish, agent for the Englishe companie there,
whereby he doth advertise a matter of some weight delivered
to him by Boros Frederick, principall counsellor to the Em-
peror of Moscovia, by which it appeareth how ready the
Pope's legate hath bene to slaunder her Majestic after the
accustomed manner of his master, the father of Pius.* And
* Elizabeth first threw aside the old prejudices which had separated
nations of different creeds from friendly intercourse with each other,
and thus opened the extensive field of commerce which has raised and
enriched her country. She made a commercial alliance with the
1595.] AFFAIRS OF SCOTLAND. 447
considering the discrete discoverie therof by the Moscovite,
and his not crediting of the untruth e, it were well done that
this agent had her Majestie's letters both to the Emperor
and to Boros Frederick, declaring to them the untruth of this
report, and her Majestie's disposition to have peace. For
the Emperor of Almaigne, her Majesty dare in form referre
herself to the Emperor of Almaigne, to whom her Majesty did
send her ambassador expressly a year past, offering all the
meanes in her power to reduce the Turke to peace. And of
this matter none can better make declaration than D. Parkyns,
who in mine opinion were very fitt to conveye these two
letters to the Emperor of Russia and to Boros Frederick.
I do also send unto you a letter of Archibald Dowglas, who
also came himself after his letters written in person. By his
letter and speeche, I find by him a disposition to do some
good service for quietness in Scotland, and particularly for
the Queue's Majestie's satisfaction. His negotiation consist-
eth upon two partes : the one for the Erie of Angus, the other
for the Erie of Bothwell. The ground of his dealing pro-
ceedeth of a letter from his nephew Richard Dowglas, which
he did shewe me, and whereof I send you a copie. The
purpose is to have the Erie reconciled to the Kinge, and to
leave off his confederacy with Huntley, ArroU, and others ;
and if her Majesty would intercede for him to the Kinge, he
would discover unto her Majesty sundry things prejudicial!
to her state. But it semeth except he may have the Kinge's
favor wrought by her Majesty, he will not discover his know-
ledge. The second matter, concerning Bothwell, is an offer
that one James Dowglas, called the Lord of Spott, an offen-
der with Bothwell, offreth to come into England, and so to
passe into France where the Erie Bothwell is, and not only
Turks. But in this measure, the malice of her enemies found a fa-
vourable opportunity for slander, and the Catholics eagerly spread
abroad the report that she was exerting herself to arm the infidels to
destroy the Catholics throughout Europe.
448 SIR HENRY MAYNARD. [SEPT.
to dissuade Botlivvell from conspiring witli the Spaniard, but
to discover all his knowledge of any attempt against the
Queue's Majestic. And this he ofTreth to performe, so as his
charges be provided for, for his coming and returning. Of
these two matters I would you would informe her Majestic,
and receive her pleasure.
I send also unto you a request of the merchants adventur-
ers to be recommended to Mr. Bodeleie and Gilpin, or to
one of them, which request consisteth upon two partes, both
very necessary for to be reformed by the States, as by the
reading therof you w ill perceive. And therefore, I pray you
move it to my Lordes there, that their letters might be writ-
ten to Mr. Bodeleie and Mr. Gilpin, according to the request
of the merchantes.
* * * * #
If I shall not recover my helthe at this time, wherin the
sun is departing, I shall dispayre to continue the next
wynter alyve, or out of misery, for within 40 hours I shall
make my period of 84 yeres, and whatsoever shall be more,
shall be, by the judgment of King David, labour and [toyle.
13th Sept. 1595.*
Your loving father,
W. BURGHLEY.
SIR H. MAYNARDt TO MICHAEL HICKS.
Mr. Michaell, I am sure you have heard by some generall
report of an encounter that passed the fifth of this month
* 111 a letter written the day after this, Lord Burghley says, in a
postscript, " I mistoke yesterdaye to have been the 13, so as this to have
been but 13, and to-morrow 14, my birth-daye, the sun entering into
libra. God send you to live so many, within which tyme many acci-
dents shall happen unknown to all astrologers."
t Sir H. Maynard, of Estains in Essex, the father of the first Lord
Maynard. He was one of Lord Burghley's secretaries, (Michael
Hickes being the other,) and seems to have been a close attendant on
1595.] A BATTLE IN IRELAND. 449
between Sir John Norris and the Erie of Tirone, and for that
the same may be imcertainely or untruely reported, you shall
understand that Sir John Norris, having revictualed a place
called Armagh, he was, in his returne to the Newry, hotly
charged by the Erie, whom Sir John did most valiantly en-
counter, being mounted on an Englishe gelding, in his
doblet and hose. With him was the prime of all his forces,
and in his own troope, his brother Sir Thomas Norris, the
Marshall, Henry Denny (for him do I name, being exceed-
ingly recommended for his valour that day), Captaine Richard
Wingfeild, and many others. But the disadvantage of the
place, and the placing of some shott by the Erie so annoyed
them, with the Erie's horse, that Sir John Norris received two
hurtes, the one overthwart his bellye, the other in his right
arme ; his brother Sir Thomas shott through the left thighe ;
Richard Wingfeild shott in his left elboe, to the losse of his
arme or life ; Henry Denny not hurte. So the service ended,
the Erie making a retreate, w^ith the losse, as we saye, of 60
persons, and we of 12 slaine, and 30 hurte. I forgott to tell
you that Sir John Norris' horse received four shott, andsanke
under him, that he was constrained to withdrawe himself owt
of his troope, and to newe mount himself. We do still say
the Erie ofFreth to come to good condition for his pardon.
I praie God it prove true, and her Majestic would be pleased
to accept thereof.
All yesterdaie was spent in the writing of an Irishe dis-
patche, which kept me from bowles, but I assure you such
hath been otherwise our idleness here, that my Lord* seeing
I had nothing to do, gave me leave of himself, and lent me
horses to go into Essex, where I was the two fowle daies
of Sonday and Monday, and returned on Tuesday. My
his master during his latter years. The letters of Lord Burghley to
his son^ Sir Robert, from 1593 to his death, when not written by him-
self, are almost all in the hand-writing of Sir Henry Maynard. Sir
Henry died in 1616.
* Bvirghley.
VOL. II. (J a
450
STATE OF IRELAND.
[sept.
companie was Tom Griffin, Mr. Smithe, Mr. Cave, and
Mr. Tippinge, but I leave the report of all to Tom Griffin,
when you returne. On Friday next I hold my purpose
againe to go thither, to discharge necessary occasions, and I
shall expect your coming two dayes at the least before that
time, and for ought I see, you are like to find my Lord here,
having no great disposition to returne to Nonsuch, except
the letters which come now out of Ireland, which Sir Robert
Cecil carried yesterdaye to the court, carry him hither.
And so praying you to remember me to good Mrs. Hickes,
Mr. Alderman Lowe, and Mrs. Lowe, Mr. Colson and Mrs.
Colson, and the rest of your good company, I will end, my
Lord being ready to come owt of his bed-chamber. This
20th of September, 1595.
Your assured loving friend and fellowe,
H. Maynard.
SIR JOHN NORRIS TO THE LORD CHANCELLOR.
Right honorable my very good Lord, before such time as I
could have the meanes to recover this place, my Lord Deputie
hath taken order for the calling together of the general host-
ing, and not long after I was arrived here, his Lordship ap-
pointed me to repaire to Dundalk, there to assemble the sayd
forces together, wherin was used that suddenness, that it gave
no leasure to make any manner of provision answerable to so
important a journey.
Within a small time after his Lordship had met us there,
we dislodged the army towards the Nurye, and so to Armagh,
which th'enemy had burnt the morning before our coming,
only the churche therof remained still, being by nature seated
somewhat strongly ; wherupon it being advised to put the
same in defence, we spent some three or four daies there-
abouts, and after leaving therein a sufficient garrison, we were
forced to returne backe again to the Nurye for a supply of
victualls, as well for the provision of our army, as to victuall
1595.] THE REBELS DEFEATED. 451
the said place of Armagh ; wherin, for want of carriage, we
were faine to employ those belonging unto the riseing out, (?)
to bring along the said provision.
Afterwards, having victualled Armagh, our next purpose was
to do as much for Manhoan,* which in two dales libertie we
effected. Upon our returne homewards, being encamped
within some three miles of the Nurye, the enemy presuming
still of his late 'good fortune, passed his army along within
view of our skouts, meaning to have crossed over betwixt us
and Dundalk, and to have lyen uppon an advantageous part,
where it was said he would have fought with us ; but hav-
ing thus discovered him, we gott to horse with what ex-
pedition we might, and followed the whole of his horsemen
some three or four miles, having them continually in sight,
and in th'end unhorsed some of the hindermost of them, and
seized uppon three or foure of them, amongst which one was
known to be a man of great reputation. Their footemen
being utterly left by their horsemen put themselves into route,
every man to shift for one, throwing awaie their mantles, and
leaving some part of their baggage and furniture to the dis-
position of those that would looke after them. In all this
time our foote could not possibly get upp, but had we appre-
hended the sight of th' enemy but one hour sooner, I would
not have doubted, by God's assistance, to have sent your
Lordship the newes of some better success then that which
fortuned. This little, notwithstanding, so frighted them,
as that they were contented to afford us a peaceable
marche, keeping themselves close within their woods and
strengthes.
Our want of carriage and victualls hath now caused us to
disperse our troopes, and retire ourselves into garrison, my
Lord Deputie taking consultation for another journey into
those partes out of hand. But if we be not seconded out of
England, by better meanes then can be looked for here, I
* Moriaghan.
G G '2
452 FEAGH M^HUGH. [oCT.
cannot see how we may hope for much belter event then in
this last.
Your Lordship in th'advertisement unto my Lords of the
Counsaill, shall at large understand the wants that are found
in this business. If anie thing shall hereafter befall worthie
your Lordship's knowledge, I will not fail to remember
your Lordship therwith. In the meane time and alwaise, I
will remain,
Your Lordship's most ready to do you all humble servyce,
J. NORREYS.
LORD BURGHLEY TO SIR ROBERT CECIL.
1 do send you this included to be shewed to her Majestic,
wherof I can make no comment, the text being so barren. I
pray you remember the cause of Feagh M^Hue, who would
either be stablished a good subject, or born wdthall, until her
Majestie's forces may be spared to suppress hym.
The attempt of the Lea, in killing of them that brought
Walter Reagh and his three brethren to their end, would be
sharply reformed, for els the lyke service will not be per-
formed. And yet I doubt of my Lord Deputie's intention to
reform it, though the service with the O'Tooles that are slayn
was done by his Lordship's procurement.
7th October, 3595.
Your loving father,
W. BURGHLEY.
LORD BURGHLEY TO SIR ROBERT CECIL.
I send to you these included from Mr. Bodeley, to be
shewed to her Majestic. Hereby is to be sene what harm
the French Kyng's reconcilement with such dishonorable and
1595.] THE queen's fingers. 453
servile conditions is lyke to work in the world.* But I most
feare the intent of the princes of the empyre, that are pur-
posed to propound conditions of peace to a people wearyed of
war, will work a revolt, specially the tyme being now taken,
when the enemy doth prosper, and the States with their forces
have decayd all this yeare.
The events hereof are only in God's disposition. 18th
Oct. 1595.
Your loving father,
W. Burghley.
It is here sayd that Mr. Vice-Chamberlayn t is half dead.
God bless his sowle !
LORD BURGHLEY TO SIR ROBERT CECIL.
I have read your letter, whereby I perceive you have read
and shewed my letter of my hand writing to her Majestic,
who sayth that she will have a battell with my fingers, and
then afore hand, I know who shall have the victory by the
battell, for I have no warrant for my fingers, but her Majestie
is allowed to say as King David sayd in the 144th Psalme,
as the same was repeated the 30th of last month, Beuedictus
Domiiias Deiis meus^ qui docet Jtianus meas ad prelium et
digitos meos ad helium^ and in his next verse, he addeth
that which properly belongeth to her Majestie, refiigiiim
meum, susceptor meus^ et liberator meus, protector mens, et
in ipso speravi, qui suhdit populum meum sub me. And if
her Majestie's hands or fingers were to fight, I durst match
her with Kyng Philip, and overmatch hym. Thus you see
* The behaviour of the Spaniards had compelled the French King to
declare war against them, in which he was encouraged by the English,
but at first sustaining some reverses, great persuasions were used by
the Catholics to bring him to accept a peace.
t Sir Thomas Heneage, who died this year.
454 PREPARATIONS OF THE SPANIARDS. [dEC,
that I cannot spare my fingers, where my hart is fully con-
tented to utter my opinion of her estate and value.
I am glad that her Majestic is disposed to send some mony
into Ireland, wherof surely there is great want, a matter dan-
gerous to be known to the rebells, whose yielding hath grown
only by sight of her Majestie's forces. I send you a form for
a wan-ant, wherin her Majestic may do well to allow some
good round sum, or otherwise she must be shortly pressed
for more, for the debt there is already great, and untill the
rebells' submission be perfected, her forces may not be di-
minished.
I wish such as Nevill and Waynman were either in some
other prison, or not at liberty in the towne, where now, with
a sparke of fyre, they may secretly disarm the Queue of all
her powder and armor, &c.
2nd Dec. 1595.
Your loving father,
W. BURGHLEY.
LORD BURGHLEY TO SIR ROBERT CECIL.
I bethynk with myself of so many thyngs mete to be con-
sidered by her Majestic, and by her authoritie to her counsell
for her aff'ayres in respect of the news from Spayne,* as
though I cannot, without conference w^th such counsellors as
her Majestic shall please to name, do or furder such thynge
to execution by myself, yet I am willing to come thyther to
be neare her Majestic, though I am not able to make access
to her person ; but of force, without more amendment in
strength, must presume to kepe my chamber, not as a poten-
tate, but as an impotent aged man, neither yet as a bankrupt,
but as respondent to any action or demand ; and if by your
speeche with her Majestic, she will not mislyke to have so
* It was reported that a greater Armada than that of 1588 was now
preparing for the invasion of England.
1595.] SIR THOMAS EDMONDS. 455
bold a person to lodg in her howse, I will come as I am, in
body not half a man, but in mynd passable to the muster of
the rest of my good Lords, her Majestie's councellors and my
good friends.
God give you his grace, to ask his grace faythfully to serve
her Majestic, and to respect none but for her, and for her
justice ! 6 Dec. 1595.
Your loving father,
W. BURGHLEY.
Upon your answer I will make no unnecessary delay, by
God's permission.
LORD BURGHLEY TO SIR ROBERT CECIL.
I send you by this bearer, Peter Brown, Mr. Edmonds'*
letter, which you may perceive by my titles in the margin
I have read, wishing that her Majestic wold spedely send
her ambassador to the Kyng to stay hym from violent courses,
wherin I hope the constable may do much good to temper
other furious actors.
Your loving father,
W. BuRGHLEY.
Of necessity Edmonds wold be relieved.
(Dec. 7th, 1595.)
LORD BURGHLEY TO SIR ROBERT CECIL.
This forenoone I sent to you, by the Lord Deputie's ser-
vant, the Irish letters containing no good things, and so I
return to you Sir John Norrice's letters, wherby I see a ma-
nifest disjunction betwixt the Lord Deputie and hym. And
in one part, I note that Sir John Norrice w^as too bold to
* Sir Thomas Edmonds^ the Queen's ambassador in France.
456 SIR HENRY UNTON. [jAN.
command the companyes in the English pale for Waterford,
without assent of the Deputie, for out of Monster he hath
no sole authoritie. I feare contynually cvill disasters.
Post meridiem, Jan. 2nd.
Your loving father,
W. BURGHLEY.
LORD BURGHLEY TO SIR ROBERT CECIL.
I do send you Sir H. Un ton's* depeche, wherin I see a
most dangerous course intended by the most ingratefull King
that lyveth. I will not comment hereuppon, but I am sure
her Majesty will depely consider of this indignity, and in-
tend some course to mete herewith in tyme. I thynk our
ambassador hath, by his present letter to her Majesty, en-
larged his favourable opinion.
We had nede to crave and expect the favour and protection
of Almighty God, wherof I dowt not for the goodness of our
cause, though I cannot devise the meanes.
26th Januar. 1595.
Your loving father, bitten with cold,
W. BURGHLEY.
LORD BURGHLEY TO SIR ROBERT CECIL.
I am begynning of a lesson that is to me three score and
ten yeres old, that is to old my pen in order to write. But
* Sir Henry Union, born at Wadley in Berkshire, was the son of
Sir Edward Unton, his mother being Anne, eldest daughter of Edward
Seymour, Duke of Somerset, and widow of John Dudley, Earl of
Warwick. He had before been for some time ambassador in France,
and died there in the present year. It was he who in the beginning
of 1593 challenged the Duke of Guise for injurious expressions against
Queen Elizabeth.
1596.] EXPEDITION AGAINST SPAIN. 457
being as yet unable, I only return you for answer the brief of
the Irish army, as it was the last quarter.
Your loving father,
W. BURGHLEY.
LORD BURGHLEY TO SIR ROBERT CECIL.
I thank you for your letters, for which I looked untill now
at eight I received them. T am sorry to see the uncertainty
for resolution, considering the delays doth harm both wise,
as well for loss in the continuance of the matter, if it should
dissolve, as for hyndrance to the expedition,* by the stagger-
ing. I do hold, and will alwayes, this course in such matters
as T differ in opinion from her Majesty ; as long as I may be
allowed to give advise, I will not change my opinion by
affirming the contrary, for that were to offend God, to whom
I am sworn first, but as a servant I will obey her Majestie's
commandment ; and no wise contrary the same, presuming
that she being God's chief minister here, it shall be God's
will to have her commandments obeyed, after that I have
performed my duty as a counsellor, and shall in my hart wish
her commandments to have such good successes, as I am
sure she intendeth.
You see I am in a mixture of divinitie and polycy, pre-
ferring in polycy her Majesty afore all others on the earth,
and in divynitie the King of heaven above all betwixt alpha
and omega.
Thus my cogitations you may use to your own good, be-
seeching God to bless you. This Satyrday, March 23rd,
1595.
Your loving father,
W. BtJRGHLEY.
* The expedition ag-ainst Spain, under the Lord Admiral, the Earl
of Essex, Lord Thomas Howard, and Sir Walter Raleigh.
458 STATE OF IllELAND. [MARCH,
LORD BURGHLEY TO SIR ROBERT CECIL.
I send you a letter written to me by Sir Geffry Fen ton,*
which you may as you see cause shew to her Majesty, and
procure such answer as shall best please her ; and if she
shall still rest upon strict poynts, as I have noted she hath
done in all these Irish actions, I wish the end may prove
better than I see the same done, her charges and danger for
her whole realm being now become unsupportable. And
yet I cannot deny but her royall state moveth her to be so
precise as she is, but non sunt ponendi riimores ante
saliitem.
I understand that my Lord Deputie hath given command-
ment by his Frenchman, that no letters shall be suffered to
pass out of Irland to me, but by his Lordship's own warrant.
What his Lordship meaneth hereby I know not, though I
can probably gess, for herin you are also included. I wish my
Lord had such skyll or good luck in his government as there
neded no advertisement or advise but from hymself. I heare
there cometh over with his Lordship's passport many soldiors
out of Irland, more able than such as now are ready to go
over ; for so Proby writeth to me, how much it is misliked,
to send from hence new men, when sufficient men come from
thence. But I will not deale herin, for my Lord Deputie is
privately advertised that all his faults are sought out by me.
I wish they did not deserve to be sought out.
(March 30th, 1596.)
Your loving father,
W. BuRGHLEY.
SIR HENRY MAYNARD TO SIR ROBERT CECIL.
Sir, my Lord hath willed me to write to you, himself not
being well able, without pain of removing to be sett up, that
* Sir Geoffrey Fenton was Surveyor General of Ireland.
1596.] SIEGE OF CALAIS. 459
he is much troubled iu his minde with the alarme of Calhs,'^
wherof my Lord Admirall wrote to him, and which adver-
tisement he sent to you by his Lordship's servant. And
therefore for the quiett of his minde he prayeth you, as soone
as you shall understand any certaintie thereof, to lett him
know the same. And in case it shoidd fall owt to be true,
his opinion is that my Lord of Essex and Lord Admirall
cannot with more honor employ themselves and her Majes-
tie's forces, than to the succouring thereof, and their whole
paye to be answered by her Majestic. But this, his opinion,
his Lordship w^ould have you as yet to kepe to yourself.
And so I most humbly take my leave. From my Lord's
howse in the Strand, the last of March e, 1596.
Most humbly at your Honor's commandment,
H. Maynard.
Now towardes evening my Lord's paine beginneth to hold
hini in his head and neck, as it did yesterday, but I hope
with less grief.
t„.....„,,,...,„,.,..„
hath styrred up in me many cogitations : first, that it were
necessary to be informed from the governor, what he wanteth
of men or munition to defend the town, how he is able to
* The new governor of the Netherlands under the Spaniards, Albert,
Archduke of Austria, giving out that he intended to raise the siege of
La Fere in Picardy, marched suddenly to Calais. " As soon as the
Queen heard by the fearful messengers of the French King that Calais
was besieged, she commanded a power of men to be gathered that
very day, being Sunday, while men were at divine service, to aid the
French King, and, withall, provide for the safety of England. This
army, hastily raised, she committed to Essex ; but before they were
shipped, she had certain advertisement that both the towne and castell
were yielded up into the Spaniards' hands." — Camden.
LORD BURGHLEY TO SIR ROBERT CECIL.
460 SIEGE OF CALAIS. [aPRIL,
receave succors, of what numbers the army are that doth be-
siege it, where the battery is planted, how the haven re-
mayneth free for succor to come with shipping. If the haven
be possessed by the enemy with his shipping, why may not
ayd be sent by shipping to a place east from Calliss toward
Gravelyng, or to Witsonby ; and if the town may be defended
for thirteen dayes, in that space La Fere will be yielded or
taken, and then it may be hoped that the French Kyng will
levy the siege, wherunto he hath five or six thousand foote-
men, that may be had in this sort, two thousand from Lon-
don, one thousand from Essex, two thousand from Kent,
one thousand from Sussex, or such lyke, for England may
not endure this town to be Spanish, and the Queue hath also
promised him aide. I wish these men were put in order, that
either some of them may spedily enter Calliss, if it hold out,
and that powder and muskets were presently sent to Dover,
but of these thyngs I am sure more will be there foresene. I
confess I am troubled so herewith, as I see not well what I
write.
(March 31st, 1596.)
Yom' loving father,
W. BURGHLEY.
LORD BURGHLEY TO SIR ROBERT CECIL.
I wryte with payne, and see many difficulties which I dare
not take upon me to resolve. I send you my Lord of Essex'
letter, who seemeth very dilligent in this cause. By Sir Co.
Clyfford"^ we shall know more certainly. I marvell the Hol-
land shypp will not attempt the boats of Gravelyng. The
night tydes must serve for our men to pass to the town.
I have drawen a warrant for my Lord Cobham, and for
mony to be delivered to Sir Th. Flod, which cannot be ex-
* Sir Coniers Clifford, who was employed in the expedition to
Spain, and who was afterwards governor of Connaught, in 1599.
1596.] THE EARL OF ESSEX. 461
pressly set down, but by estimation, considering the uncer-
tainty of the shipping and victuall, wherof if there be suffi-
cient in Callis, the care will be the less, so as every soldier
carry with himself some bread and chese ibr a meale, or
two meale.
I wish the captain had no allowance of dead payes.
The numbers wold consist of pyke and shott. I cannot
dare to write any more.
(April 4th, 1596.)
Your loving father,
W. BURGHLEY.
LORD BURGHLEY TO SIR ROBERT CECIL.
You have filled my heart so full with your large reports of
her Majesty's allowance of my insufficiencyes as sufficient,
and of her superabundant care and desyre of my amendment,
as I cannot containe in the flowing of my heart, without
sending to you to be presented to her Majesty, some portion
of the comfort of my hart by waye of most humble thank-
fulness to her Majesty, with a portion also of my sacrifice to
Almighty God by my harty prayers for the continuance of
her happiness, wherin she exceedeth all her equalls in body
and government.
My heart hath forced my weak hand thus far. Maii 26.
Your loving father,
W. Burgh LEY.
THE EARL OF ESSEX TO LORD BURGHLEY.
My very good Lord, I shall not neede to tell your Lord-
ship that Cales is won, and the King of Spayne's great fleete
at Cales defeated and destroyed. I shall lesse neede to re-
late the particular circumstance of either, for as fame itself
462 LIBELLOUS BALLADS. [jULY,
will bring the first, so this gentleman that caiTyes my letter
will performe the second. This is to crave of your Lordship
that I may be continued in your good Lordship's fav^or, and
to pray you that you will pleade for me till I returne, that
before I be heard, I be not upon report or misconceit brought
into her Majestie's displeasure, for I doubt not but your
Lordship and such honorable judges shall think I do acquitt
myself like an honest man. I wish your Lordship all honor,
helth, and happiness, and rest.
At your Lordship's commaundement,
This 1st of July, 1596.* Essex.
THE LORD MAYOR OF LONDON TO LORD BURGHLEY.
My humble duty to your Lordship remembred, there
was brought to my hand a certain ballad containing a com-
plaint of the great want and scarcitie of corn within this
realm, which, forasmuch as it containeth in it certaine vaine
and presumptuous matter, bringing in her Highnes to speak
with her people in dialogue in very fond and undecent
sort, and prescribeth orders for the remedying of the dearth
of corn, extracted (as it seemeth) out of the booke published
by your Lordship the last year, but in that vaine and undis-
creet manner as that thereby the poore may aggravate their
grief, and take occasion of some discontentment, I thought
good to call before me the printer and the partie by whom it
was putt to print, who pretended a lycence ; but finding the
same to be untrue, I have comitted him to one of the counters,
and have taken suerties of the printer himself for his ap-
pearance, if your Lordship shall think it fitt to have any
further punishment inflicted upon him. The maker himself,
* Essex and the army was still at Cadiz, at the date of this letter.
On the 5th, after plundering the town, they left it, to pursue their
depredations in other quarters.
1596.] THE SPANISH EXPEDITION. 463
who is one Delonie,* (an idle fellowe, and one noted with
the like before in printing aj booke for the silk weavers,
wherein was found some like foolish and disordered matter^)
I cannot yet find. A copie of the ballad I have sent to your
Lordship inclosed herewithall.
And so I humblie take my leave. From London, the 25th
of Julie, 1596.
Your Lordship's most humble,
Stephen Slany, Maior.
LORD BURGHLEY TO SIR ROBERT CECIL.
I most humbly thank her Majesty for imparting to me the
reports of her victoryes,t hoping to have them hourly so
verified by her own generalls, as her Majesty shall have just
cause to have publick thanks gyven to the Almighty God
that maketh her so mighty against her enemyes, and yet
most humble to acknowledge from whence she hath her
strength, and worldly glory.
(28 Jul. 1596.)
Your loving father,
W. Burghley.
THE LORD MAYOR OF LONDON TO LORD BURGHLEY.
My humble dutie remembred unto your Honor, wheras the
bearer hereof, Edward Rempton, a cittizen of good reputation
and creddit, and deputie of the Warde where he inhabiteth,
had in his absence lefte at his howse with a servaunt of his
certaine thinges inclosed in a bagge, which I have here sent
* Thomas Deloney^ the celebrated ballad writer.
t In the Spanish expedition.
464 EXPENSES OF IRELAND [oCT.
unto your Honor, together with his servant who receaved the
same, which he did not think fitt to be concealed, but there-
uppon brought them unto me, and made me pryvie of his
mynde. I have now thought it not more then my dulie to
sende them unto your Honor, and acquainte your Lordship
thereof, expecting your further direction what course you will
advise, either for the apprehension of the partie that left them
at his howse or what further shall seem good unto your Lord-
ship to be herein taken. And where before this tyme I did
send your Honor, inclosed in a letter, two libells which were
founde and presented unto me, and having at this instant two
others, which have been lykewise founde dyspersed by some
seditious person in this cittie, I thought it my dutie to send
them herein inclosed unto your Honor. And thus referring
the matter to your Honor's further consideration, I humbly
take my leave. London, this 26th of September, L596.
Your Honor's at commaund,
Stephen Slany , Mayor.
LORD BURGHLEY TO SIR ROBERT CECIL.
I neither can myself write, nor yet forbeare to expresse
the grief I have to thinke of the dangerous estate of her Ma-
jestie's armie in Ireland, where all the treasure sent in August
is expended, and the armie, consisting of the number of
about seven thousand, receiving pay of her Majesty, besides
a great number of others, having extraordinary payments by
way of pensions and such like, the monethly charge wherof
cometh to eight thousand five hundred and sixty pounds
sterling, and thereunto is to be added one thousand news
men, now lately transported, whose monethly pay must
come to one thousand one hundred and sixty-five pounds,
and with the extraordinaries the charges will presently be
ten thousand four hundred and twenty-two poimds the
moneth, for which the treasurer hath never a penny in Ire-
1596.] THE queen's illness. 465
land, and now to this charge doth presently follow the charge
of two thousand new men already levied and appointed to be
sent thither, for whom, at their arrival there, there is also no
monie to entertaine them. What danger this may be I do
tremble to utter, considering they will force the countrie with
all manner of oppressions, rather than furnish, and thereby
the multitude of the Queue's loyall subjects in the English
pale tempted to rebell.
These unpleasant lines I am most some to be presented to
her Majesty, but I cannot endure to bethink myself of the
perill. From my howse in the Strand, this last of October,
1596. T am homo illiteratus,
W. BURGHLEY.*
LORD BURGHLEY TO SIR ROBERT CECIL.
I was first advertised this evening by my Lord Chamber-
lain's letter, that her Majesty differed her remove unto Wed-
nesday, which is the very daye of her access to the Crown,
being right sorry for the cause. And therefore I pray you
when tyme may serve you, lett her Majesty know that I do
send to heare of her Majesty's amendment, for by her im-
pediment to order her affayres, all her realm shall suffer de-
triment.
I have not bene idle since you went, having (though not
profaned this Sabbath-day) made it a full working day, such
is the importunity of sutors, and now wearyed I end my
scribbling. 14th Nov., at night.
Your loving father,
W. BuRGHLEY.
* The signature, as is often the case in these latter letters of Lord
Burghley, is written with a trembling hand.
VOL. II. H H
460 TROUBLES IN lUELAND. [jAN.
ANTHONY BACON TO DR. HAWKINS.
Sir, As my last week's intermission was for wante of ac-
ceptable matter generall or particular worthy the sending so
farre, so was I resolved to have continued my silence so
longe as my Lorde^ continued his absence from courte, and
had so done if I were not more than in hope that this day
shall be the last daye of the eclipse, and that the beames of
his Lordship's virtue, fame, and meritt can be no longer
shadowed by malice and envie which you know reign in
courts, not doubting but that ere 24 houres passe he shall be
Lord High Marshall of England, and have a royall recorde
of his peereless prowess and deserts. * * Mons. de Meze,
who was ambassador there for the French King, is arrived
here very honorably accompanied, to impart unto her Majes-
tic how far the King his master hath proceeded in the over-
tures of peace betwixt him and Spaine, and to receave her
princely advice.
^ ^ ^ w w
From Essex House, this 26th of November, (1596.)
Your entire assured frend to use,
Anth. Bacon.
THE EARL OF CLANRICARDEf TO THE LORD DEPUTY.
My verie good Lord, may it please your Lordship to be
advertised that this 15th of January, Hugh Roe O'Donell,
Tybott Bourke, McWalter Kytagh, with many other of
their adherents of Ulster, and of this province, came into this
countie of Clanricard, with three thousand foote and two
hundred horse, and burned and spoyled there half of the
countrie, and assaulted divers castles therin, but won none of
any account as yet, and divers of their men were kild and
hurtc aboute the castles. They have entred Athenrie, where
* Of Essex.
■[ Ulick (le Burgh, third Earl of Clanricarde.
1597.] REBELLION IN CONNAUGHT. 467
they encamped the last night ; whether they gott the castle
or not is more then I yet heare. They report that they will
remaine in Clanricard untyll after Shrovetyde, which they
may well performe, if forces be not sent presently by your
Lordship, to resist their violence. The poore countrie is so
ruinated and brought to such desolation that now they know
not how to lyve for want of reliefe. Th'enemies do bragg
that they will lay siege to my own howses, which I hope
shall be to little effect, although I doubt divers other holds in
the countrie may be lost for want of reliefe. Doubtless they
will not leave any come or cottage unburnt in three daies
within the whole countrie, the which we beare, and God
willing will most contentedly, in respect that we sustaine the
same for our daily servise and due obedience to our naturall
and most gracious Princess, from whom we will never swerve
for any losses or afflictions whatsoever. I have sent to my
Lord Thomond for his ayde, whose coming I expect dayly,
although not yet come. But God knoweth, our forces both
are nothing in respect of theirs, but God willing, our best en-
deavom-s shall not want, and still as occasion shall be minis-
tered your Lordship shall be advertised therof, which in the
meanetime I leave to your Lordship's careful and most
honorable consideration, and humbly take my leave. From
Lough-Reogh, the 15th of January, 1596.
Your Lordship's most humble at commaund,
Clanricard.
THE MAYOR OF GAL WAY TO THE LORD DEPUTY.
My most humble dutie remembred, may it please your
Lordship, Hugh Roe O'Donell, and other the rebells of Tyre-
conell, coming of late to this province of Connaght, assembled
with them Tibbott Mac Walter Kittagh Bourke, whom he
made Mac Wilham, with all the rebells and runagates of Con-
naght, wasted, burned, destroyed this last weeke almost this
whole countie of Gallway, wherin on Saturdaie last they
H H 2
468 GALWAY BESIEGED BY THE REBELS. [jAN.
sallied and then burnt the gates therof, and having entred
the same, after contynuing there the night, in the morning
sallying the castell there, and being withstood, tooke all the
wall towers, and as many of the inhabitants as warded them
they withhold prisoners, and put to ashes all the rest of the
towne, besides the said castell, that resisted them, and the
bodies of the Abbay and Churche. And then afterwards,
uppon Sondaie last, at twilight, came to our suburbes, and
sent a priest and another layman to our gates, then being
shutt, offering that they would do us no harme if we should
relieve them with wine and other necessaries, to which we
aunswered for that night, that we mistrusted O'Donell him-
self was so nigh, and if he was, our auncient custome hath
beene not to open our gates at night for any affaires, with
which the messengers departing, the next morning O'Donell
sent a letter under his own hand, praying to send him vittles
and other necessaries for his money, except powder and
munition, otherwise he should annoy us the best he could,
whom we aunswered he did but pick a quarrell, for he and the
rest of his adherents, breaking their allegiance to their naturall
Prince, destroying townes, countrie, and goods of her Majestie's
loyal subjectes, that unless they would convert to goodnes to
God, their prince, and neighbours, we would not afford them
no relief. Upon retume of which answer he stayed our
messenger, till he caused divers houses of our suburbes to
be fired, and the wind being at east-north-east, right against
that side of our towne, hindred us muche in not discovering
th'enemies till the flame was up, and then, O'Donell, Tibbot
Bourke, Mac William, Mac Dermot, and all the cheiftaines that
were with them, began to retire, and sent some loose shott
to plaie uppon our towne, and being confronted with
like loose shott, as th'enemies thronged on this side of the
hill, a greate piece of ordinance was by us discharged, which
scattered them, and clustering againe, another greater piece
was lett flie, which utterly danted them, that they retired
so farr that our loose shott gained the height of the ridge of
I
1597.] GALWAY BESIEGED BY THE EEBELS. 469
the hill, and saved the howses that were not burnt; and we
heare the rebells had there wounded and killed some six
persons, and that night camping in the farthest part of our
franchise, sent some bands to fire the howses that before
were rescued from them. But before that afternoone we dis-
covered them, so that, saving one howse lying beyond the
greene, they missed of their pui-pose, and the dale following
they burnt every villadge downe to the countie of Maio, and
ranged verie wide, even to the poole of Loghcoirbe, to leave
nothing undestroyed, amongst which about twentie villadges
apertayning to us were not pretermitted. Their speeches, as
we understood them, were very blasphemous against us, and
all the rest of her Majestie's constant subjects, threatening
that they shall be shortly worse used by the Spaniards, then
the poore inhabitants of Athenrie hath been used by them,
whom they left mother naked, without howse or any whit in
the world to live on.
And thus, &c. Gallwaie, the 19th of Januarie, 1596.
Your Lordship's most humble at commaund,
Oliver Oge French, Maior.
As the rebells were in Athenrie, they of the Castle sent by
night one to me for powder and lead, which the same night
came from me to them.
SIR RICHARD BINGHAM TO SIR ROBERT GARDINER.
Good Sir Robert, I have receaved from my honorable good
frends and others, letters, whereby I finde howe you have
most frendlie and faythfuUy used many good offices of me,
which I do in all thankfulness reste to acknowledge, and to
my beste parte I will never be unmindfull to deserve, be-
seeching you as often as you shall find fit occasion to soUicit
my estate to the higher powers, whereby they may be fullie
possessed of the greate wronges offered me, as in some good
470 THE FOUR JOURNEYS OF IRELAND. [jAN.
measure they have bene alreadie by your good meanes.* 1
longe to be freed fr6m these troubles, although I be lefte as a
begger. For my employment in that kingdome, I am as you
knowe, the moste unfyttest man therefor that liveth, having
bene so mightelie disgraced as I have bene, and therefore
do not desire any employment there, onlie I crave a due
hearing of my cawses, and after to be disposed of as shall
seeme beste to her Majestie, for obedience is better then
sacrifice. In my laste letter to you, I writt the causes that
stirred the people to rebel! ; and nowe I will acquaint you
with the four journies that loste the lande, viz. the defeate of
Sir Henrie Duke and Sir Edward Herbert, when they purposed
to have victualled Eniskillin ; secondlie, the journie tovictuall
Monaghan ; thirdlie, the journie that the Lord Deputie and
Sir John Norrise made to the Blacke Water ; and fourthlie,
Sir John Norrise's journie, when he proclaymed his aucthori-
tie, for he was furnished to have gone through with the
execution bothe with men, munitions, and pioneers, but he
returned without doing any service worthie acceptaunce.
These journies enhaunsed the rebells' pryde, furnished them
with habilements of warr, which our men loste, and made
them stande upon such demaundes as were never heard of
since the conquest of that realme ; and therefore I thinke
it verie strange that I shoulde be lefte in Ireland to do ser-
vice. Persons that must do greate services, must be such as
are in greate favour of the Prince, as I have often tolde you,
and must be allowed all good meanes therefor, as Sir John
Norrise hath bene, for myself have bene kepte under by all
hard and unusuall meanes by all the Deputies. But the same
proceeded from England. But if it please God that I re-
turne back to London from Ireland, I shall be more poorer
and in worse estate then I was when I firste wente into Ire-
* Sir Richard Bingham fell into disgrace on accusations brough
against him of too great severity and misbehaviour in his governmen
of Connaught, and he was on this charge recalled from Ireland, and
committed to custody.
1597.] THE REBELLION OF CONNAUGHT. 471
land. Thus alwaies resting to praie for your good successe
in all thinges, with my moste hartie commendations to your
owne self, I betake you to the tuition of the Almightie.
From Bewmares, the 20th of January, 1596. I putt to sea
in hope to have gone to Dublin, but by violence of contrarie
windes with much paines reached this harborough, where I
have fallen into relapse of sicknes more grievous then the
former, so that I am constrained to remain e here a time for
my recoverie, and will not put any more to sea till it shall
please God to restore me to perfect heal the. My last over
bouldnes in putting out had neere coste me my life. Your
last letter of the 10th of this instant I have receaved, for
which also I verie hartely thank you. So the Lord kepe
you!
Your most fast and assured loving frend till death,
Ry. Bingham.
SIR R. BINGHAM TO SIR ROBERT GARDINER.
Good Sir, although I doubt not but you have the newes of
Ireland daylie from the Lord Deputie and such others here
as can far better deliver the same then myself, yet John
Kinge, newly arriving here from thence, I could not omit to
write to you somewhat of that which he brought, namely,
how O'Donell with all his rabble, and the rebells of Conaught,
have taken 8 thewins, spoyled and burned Clanricard, and
laye before the howse of Loughreogh (where the Erie of Clan-
ricard kept) at the coming thence of the laste advertisements,
purposing further mischief, no doubt, before they wold dis-
perse, for most of these which came in to Sir John Norrise
were now revolted againe to O'Donell, and at the same tyme
the O'Relies and others, to the number of 7 or 800, entered the
towne of Kells three wayes, and set the greatest parte thereof
on fire, Captayne Strete keping onlie for his own securitie a few
strengths in the towne, which cannot long hold oute if the
rebells be not kept further of. And Faugh Mc Hugh is be-
47*2 TYRONE'S REBELLION. [jAN.
come a captayne of 600 footmen, at the leaste, and 40 horse-
men, readie uppon any opportunitie to playe his parte. So
as Ardmagh is like to be victualled quietly now, for which
purpose there was somewhat accorded at Dundalk, between
Sir John Norrise and the Erie of Tirone, before John Kinge
lefte Dublin. He findeth (I meane Tirone) that his fayre
offers availeth him often times, muche more then open warres,
for whatsoever is promised, if it may be hurtfull to him and
beneficiall for the State, it is never performed, and he know-
elh by experience how to deale with us, expecting still
greater advantages, and the foreign ayde which is surely pro-
mised him. Sir John Norrise was purposed to go no further
then Dondalk upon his new agrement, but to sende some
troupes to Ardmagh, for whose safety he had taken some
assurance. The laste letters which Browne, the Lord De-
putie's man, carryed over, imported for me no further then
this, viz. that uppon my coming into Ireland I should be
used as a commelade in the martiall cawses there, without
any mention of any allowance or place in entertainment, or
anything expressed for the altering of the course appointed
for my triall at Athlone, so there is nothing gone over yet for
my good. I perceive also that as the Lord Deputy cometh
away, so Sir John Norrise shall be licenced to come over,
and I rooned it might be thought fit, then, to admit myself to
answer him before the Lords in England^ that it might ap-
peare to them what these fowle things are wherwith I am smce
charged. And so should I be rid of going backe into Ireland,
if uppon hearing of the cawse there I might be able to justifie
myself, as I no whit make doubt to do. Sir Conyers Clif-
farde contynueth still at Dublin, expecting to have 3000 men
with him downe uppon the ending of the journey for Ardmagh,
so as it may now appeaic playnelie enough, it was not that
Bingham's remove that would quiet Conaught, or any other
alteration in government there, but rather the expelling of all
the English, which is generally required throughout Ireland.
But God doth knowe howe I have bene dealt withall. I con-
1597.] SIR RICHARD BINGHAM. 473
tynue here, yet not in case to put to sea againe, hoping still
that tyme may work out somewhat for my good ; for, though
going onwards worse and worse as they do, I would think
they might look back uppon the wrong which they have
done to me, and appointe some indifferent course agreable
with my desire and justice, and not persecute me still in
malice, as I feare they do.
I am thrust out of all, and yet they are not contented, but
must ever expose me to a tryall which they knowe will cut
my hearte, for Sir John Norrise is the most intoUerablest man
in his persecutions against me that ever was, although God is
my witnes, I never gave him cause. And so wylling you all
contentment, and never to feele these griefes which oppresse
me, with all thankfull remembrance and most loving com-
liiendements, I commyt you to God. From my sick bed in
Bewmarris, the 27th of January, 1596.
Your's in all assurance for ever,
Ry. Bingham.
LORD BURGHLEY TO SIR ROBERT CECIL.
I perceive that her Majesty lyketh argumentations of prof-
fitt, by accepting of Quarle's offers, though hatched by
Beachor. I will expedite the matter, when the parties shall
come to me.
I pray you deliver this pacquet to my Lord of Essex, the
labor wherof hath wearied my hand and my head, both un-
mete for any matter of weight.
If I can amend, which as yet I fynd no hope of, I will be
there before your next working daye, but rather as a roge
than a labourer.
15th Maii, 1597.
I Your loving father,
W. BURGHLEY.
474 AFFAIRS OF FRANCE. [jULYj
SIR ROBERT CECIL TO MICHAEL HICKS.
I would gladly have your company to-morrow by three of
clock at furthest, for I must go to supp where you shall be
welcome. And so I leave you this Sunday night, having sent
you a piece of venison for your dynner, with commendations
to Mrs. Hicks, in whom I envy your good fortune, but rest
for all that.
Your loving frend,
Ro. Cecill.
If we supp late, you and I will lay at Cecill House.
July 4, 1597.
LORD BURGHLEY TO SIR ROBERT CECIL.
I have read Sir An. Mildmay's* letter, which I do return
with a weak hand, as you may see. Considering the charges
past, which I shall accompt lost on her Majesty's part, and if
her ayde be not contynued, the French Kyng may be ruined,
and Pycardy possessed at her dores by an unplacable enemy,
besides many other increase of his strength, and therefore the
remedy being but a mony matter, dLiid pecuniam in loco neg-
ligere est lucrum, I vvish her Majesty wold without delay,
whilest the French Kyng's irons are hotte, supply hym no we
for two or three months. And so for lack of a strong hand I
end, wishing you God's grace to serve her Majesty, and my
blessing to your comfort.
All your offsprmg are here merry.
From Theobald's, 4th July, 1597.
Your old loving father,
W. BuRGHLEY.
LORD BURGHLEY TO SIR ROBERT CECIL.
I do send you a letter herewith written to my Lord of Es-
* Sir Anthony Mildmay succeeded Sir Henry Unton as ambassador
in France.
1597.] EXPEDITION AGAINST SPAIN. 475
sex, to whom I did not write since his departure, nor imtill
now that God hath shewed him favor from heaven with the
new moone to send him a prosperous wind. I could not
write comfortably, neither for myself nor for him ; and now
I do write unto him with my weak hand only to congratulate
with him for this favor of God, and do exhort him, as a
Christian soldier, to acknowledge the same beyond all man's
power and witt. I have also written unto him, that I am
sure you will frequently advertise him of things convenient, to
supply my want, remembering a true saying of Tully in thssc
words, omnibus peregrmantihus gratimi est minimarum
quoqiie reriim quce domi geruntur, fieri certioresJ^ I pray
you by the next safe messenger send this my letter to his
Lordship, letting him know that I am here licensed for a
while to be at my house, where I assure you I continue in
such paine of my foote, at I am not able to stirre abroad but
in my coach.
From my howse at Theballd's, the 5th of July, 1597.
Your loving father,
W. BURGHLEY.
LORD BURGHLEY TO SIR ROBERT CECIL.
I have with your letter wrytten yesterday received two let-
ters to you, one from my Lord of Essex wrytten on Wed-
nesday, since which tyme I have gladly observed every day
a most favorable wynd to sett hym forward, so as God hath,
like a gracious Father, after a few dayes frowning to make
his power known, changed his countenance into blessing,
whereby may be sayd to the army, viriliter agite, et confor-
tentur cor da vestra, omnes sper antes in Domimim.
Your other letter from Sir Anthony Mildmay with the copy
* The expedition against Spain was now setting out, in the course
of which was first openly shown Essex's jealousy of Sir Walter Ra-
leigh, who took by himself the town of Fayas.
476 AFFAIRS OF FRANCE. [jULY,
of the French Kyiig's letter to hym. can scantly have any good
sense wheron to found any present counsell, for I see no
lykehhood for the French Kyng to seek peace at this present
when by all advertisement the Cardinall* as yet hath no mony
to wage his men to come to the relief of Amyens, nor his
new levyes as yet come out of Italy ; which advises being
true, I see no cause in necessitie either to offer or to hearken
to peace. But yet it may be that the Pope and his legate
and the cordelyar may tempt hym thereto, and the Kyng's
discontented state may move hym to forget his honor. On
the other side it may be suspected, that this chanting of
peace is a song only to allure the Queue's Majesty to yield
him still ayde of more men or mony, or both, wherin I can
yield no other opinion, than that her Majesty should yield no
more than good reason may warrant with conversation of her
own estate, and so having warrant of a good conscience
in that she hath or shall in her benefits strayne her own
state, to become unable to preserve herself, having no hope
nor apparance to be ayded by any other, as she hath ayded
many. And though it may be feared that by the French
Kyng's peace her enemy the Spanyard may become more to
be feared, yet in God's goodness, whose cause her Majesty
defendeth, she may say with David, Exallaho te, Domlue^
qiioniam elevasti me, nee leiijieasti miinieos meos super me.
But you may say, my conceits are spirituall, and so ought all
human actions to be governed. Thus to shew myself bold to
arm, in an obscure subject, I will end with a very weary
hand, untill I shall understand the event of Mr. Mildmaye's
journey. From my house at Thebald's, the rooms wherof I
have not sene, more than my bedchamber, my dyning place,
and my chappell, so lame I am on one leg, as Sir Edw. Hobby,
I think, can shewe you, by whom I retiurned my most humble
thanks to her Majesty, notifying to her, that where I spent at
* The Archduke of Austria. Amiens was taken by the French
King, aided by the Eng-lish auxiliaries, in the course of the summer,
^'etbrc the relief could be brought.
)
1597.] SIR WALTER RALEIGH. 477
the court the substance of mypoore wytt, I fyncl no meanes
here to restore it, being forced dayly to fede of an asse's milk,
and so subject to be as dull as an ass.
From Thebald's, 8th July, 1597.
Your loving father,
W. BURGIILEY.
SIR ROBERT CECIL TO THE EARL OF ESSEX.
My good Lord, by a letter of yours, written on Saturday,
what hour I know not, your Lordship seemeth not to con-
ceive what might be the reason that things runne on by us
with so great silence, wherein that you may see the poor un-
fortunate Secretarie will leave no scruple in you, of lack of
industry, to yield you all satisfaction, (whom it were inhu-
manitie to neglecte, the circumstances considered of your
cares and toiles, which have much of their dependancie on the
breath of this place.) I have thought good to yield you reason
for all, by drawing you to make your own computations.
Tyll Fry day in the morning, we heard nothing of your safe
arrivall,* of which to tell you true, tyll I was well advertised,
I tooke little pleasure to thinke of aunswering the remaine,
but wished the action dissolved, and knewe, if you had pe-
rished, it hath bene a vanitie to have dreamed any further of
ought els but passion here, and confusion there. And for
good Mr. Ralegh, who wonders at his own diligence, (because
diligence and he are not familiars,) it is true that on Wed-
nesday night, I beeing at Greenwich, and the Queue at Mr.
Walsingham's, his letter found me, which I imparted on
Thursday as soone as the Queue was readie, unto her, and
do confesse, that in expectation to heare of you, we did differ
aunswer to you untyll Fryday, of which day, I trust, divers
dispatches are with you long before this tyme. Thus do you
see that a man, whose fortunes scants him of meanes to do
you service, will not beare coales to be accused of dulnes,
* They were driven by contrary winds to return to Plymouth.
478 THE POLISH EMBASSY, [.JULY,
especially by your Rere Admirall,* who making haste but
once in a yeare to write in post, gave date from Waymouth to
his last dispatche, which by the circumstances I knew was
written at Plymouth.
But now, my Lord, after this long preface, lett me take a
little tyme from you with that, which I assure you, would
have pleased you, if you had been a beholder.
There arrived three daies since in the cittie an ambassador
out of Poland, a gentleman of excellent fashion, witte, dis-
course, language, and person ; the Queue was possessed by
some of our new counsellours, that are as cunning in intelli-
gence as in decyphering, that his negotiation tendeth to a
proposition of peace. Her Majestic, in respect that his father
the Duke of Finland had so much honored her, besydes the
lyking she had of this gentleman's comeliness and qualities,
brought to her by reporte, did resolve to receive him pub-
liquely, in the chamber of presence, where most of the
erles and noblemen about the Court attended, and made it
a great day. He was brought in attired in a longe robe of
black velvett, well jewelled and buttoned, and came to kisse
her Majestie's hands where she stood under the state, from
whence he straight returned ten yards of, and then begun his
oration aloude in Latin, with such a gallant countenance, as
in mylyfel never behelde. The effect of it was this, that "the
King hath sent him to putt her Majestic in mynde of the
auncient confederacies between the Kings of Poland and
England ; that never a monarche in Europe did willingly
neglect their friendship, that he had ever frendly received
her merchants and subjects of all quality, that she had suf-
fered his to be spoyled without restitution, not for lacke of
knowledge of the violences, but out of meere injustice, not
caring to minister remedy, notwithstanding many particular
petitions and letters received, and to confirme her disposition
to avowe these courses (violating both the law of nature and
* Sir Walter Raleigh.
1597.] THE POLISH EMBASSY. 479
nations) because there were quarrells betweene her and the
Kmg of Spaine, she therefore tooke upon her, by mandate,
to prohibite him and his countries, assuming therby to herself
a superioritie (not tollerable) over other Princes, nor he de-
termined to endure, but rather wished her to knowe, that
if there were no more than the auncient amitie between
Spain and him, it were no reason to look that his subjects
should be impedited, much less now, when a stricte obliga-
tion of bloud had so conjoined him with the illustrious howse
of Austria;" concluding that if her Majestic would not re-
forme it, he would.
To this I swear by the living God, her Majestic made one
of the best aunswers extempore, in Latin, that ever I heard,
being much moved to be so challenged in publick, especially
against her expectation. The wordes of her beginning were
these, '' Expectavi legationem, milii vero querelam ad-
duxisti. Is this the business your King has sent you about }
surelie I can hardly believe, that if the King himself were
present, he would have used such language, for if he should,
I must have thought that his being a King of not many
years, and that non de jure sanguinis, sed jure electionis,
imo noviter electus, may leave him uninformed of that course
which his father and auncestors have taken with us, and
which, peradventure, shall be observed by those that shall
come to live after him. And as for you " saith she to the
ambassador, '' although I perceave you have read many
books, to fortifie your arguments in this case, yet I am apt
to believe that you have not lighted upon the chapter that
prescribeth the forme to be used between kings and princes ;
but were it not for the place you hold, to have so publickly
an imputation throwne upon our justice, which as yet never
failed, we would aunswer this audacitie of yours in another
style ; and for the particulars of your negotiations, we will
appoint some of our counsell to conferre with you, to see upon
what ground this clamor of yours hath his foundation,
480 EXPEDITION TO SPAIN. [jULY,
who shewed yourself rather an heralde than an ambas-
sador."
I assure your Lordship, though I am not apt to wonder,
I must confesse before the living Lord that I never heard her
(when I knew her spirits were in a passion) speake with
better moderation in my lyfe.*
You will think it strange that I am thus idle, as to use
another bodie's hand. T assure you I have hurte my thumb
at this hour, and because the Queue tould me, she was sorry
you heard not his Latin and hers, I promised her to make
you partaker of as much as I could remember, being, as I
knew^, the worst you would expect from her, and yet the
best could come from any other. If, therefore, this letter finde
you, and that you write backe before your going, I pray you
to take notice that you were pleased to heare of her wise and
eloquent aunswer.
I am half ashamed to take this much tyme from you, but
when I hope it shall be the last which shall come to you be-
fore you go out of England, I am contented in this to be
censured idle, though in all things els upon the face of the
earth I will be founde,
Your faithful and affectionate poore frende, to do you
service. t
I feare nothing, but your Lordship will speed the worse for
having some of those in your companie that have robbed the
Dantsickers and many other merchantes, exempli gratia,
the Capten of the Warspight, for whom T have laied out 50/.
for the Rowbuck, for which I will stay some of his billetts
* It was on this occasion that the Queen, after her speech, turning
to her court, exclaimed, '' God's death ! my Lords, (for that was her
oath ever in anger,) I have been enforced this day to scour up my
old Latin, that hath lain long in rusting !"
t The signature is cut off.
1597.] THE POLISH EMBASSY. 481
and canarie wine, that he hath sent for out of my sellar at
Chelsey.
From the Court at Greenwich, the 26th of July, 1597.
SIR H. MAYNARD TO MICHAEL HICKES.
Mr. Michaell, your late entertainment was such to myself,
as that on Thursdaie night you are like to be troubled with
my wife and her broode, for so did I tell her it was your's
and Mrs. Hickes' desire. If I had anie good conveyance for
myself, I might, peradventure, be with you at that time, but
thereof I can make no promise. My Lord is here full of the
gowte, and is much troubled and busied with this Polish
busines. The whole fleete is returned to Plymouthe and the
western partes, and all the great ones well : of Cavalier
Beeston we heare not a worde. Commend me to good Mrs.
Hicks, Mr. Lowe, and the rest. In great hast. From the
Court, the second of August, 1597.
Yours most assuredly,
H. Maynard.
SIR H. MAYNARD TO MICHAEL HICKES.
Mr. Michael, I knowe not where to beginne to thanke you
for your late and manie kindnesses, but wish that my wife
might get you and Mrs. Hicks at Eston, to make you some
part of amendes, as our poore countrie will afford.
This Polach has so troubled us here, as no daie hath
escaped my Lord from writing something for his dispatche,
and this evening it is ingrossed to be signed, whereby I hope
my Lord may take some ease, to gett him owt of his cham-
ber, where he hath remained, and for the most part in his
bed, this whole fortnight that he hath been here. I will do
the best I can in these two petitions which you have sent me,
VOL. II. I I
482 IRISH NEWS. [AUG.
but this dale I could offer neither. I perceive that about the
middel of the next weeke you will be readie to come hither,
and by that time the Quene meaneth to be with you, if the
jestes hold, which after manie alterations is sett downe this
daie to be with you on Wednesdaie night, to staie there all
Thursdaie, on Fridaie to dine with Mr. Knivetts, and so to
Haveringe to bed. If anie alteration shall happen, as I hope
there will, (for we are greatly afeard of Theobalde's,) you shall
heare thereof.
This afternoone it is here reported that Sir C. Clifford
should be deadlie wounded in a fraie, but by whom or in
what sort I knowe not, which I doubt not you have heard.
Yesterdaie my Lord received letters from the Lord Chaun-
cellor of Ireland, who certifieth that the Erie of Kildare was
dead of a flix, and a bruise he had in the late service : and
beside the Bishop of Pawghlin, who was here in trouble for
Sir John Perrott's cause, and Sir Robert Dillon, the chief
justice of the Common Pleas, are both dead. From the fleete
we heare nothing since the Erie's departure. And so praying
you to remember my most kind commendations to Mrs.
Hicks, I take my leave. In hast, from the Court, this 10th
of August, 1597.
Your most assured frend and fellowe,
H. Maynard.
I
SIR H, MAYNARD TO MICHAEL HICKES.
Mr. Hicks, there is no alteration as yet in the progresse,*
nor no conceit that it will change. This morning I Avas with
my Lord Chamberlaine about some other busines from my
Lord, who, as it seemeth, had expected your coming to him.
I told him you had been here yesterdaie, and that Mr. Bowes
* The Queen this summer visited the house of Mr. Hickes, at Ruck-
holt. Ellis has printed a curious letter relating to her reception
there.
1597.] THE queen's visit to ruckholt. 483
appointed to be with you this morning, who would report to
his Lordship at his returne the state of your howse and lodg-
inges. Some speeche he had with me touching your howse ;
saying that he understood that it was scant of lodginges and
offices: whereuppon I took occasion to tell his Lordship
that it was true, and I conceived that it did trouble you, that
you had no convenient place to entertaine some of her Ma-
jestie's necessary servaunts. His aunswer was, that you were
unwise to be at any such charge, but onlie to leave the howse
to the Queue : and wished that there might be presented to
her Majestic from your wife, some fine wastcoat or fine ruffe,
or like thinge, which he said would be as acceptably taken
as if it w^ere of great price. He said that two daies since,
uppon speeche of your howse, and of your marriage, the
Queue fell into an exceeding commendation of Mr. Parais,
as that she never had such a merchant in her kingdome ;
wheruppon his Lordship saith, that himself and others
standing by gave the like commendations to her of your wife.
It seemeth that the time will be two nights, as was first
appointed; and though no speeche be therof, he verily
thinketh that she will come to Theobalde's, though she should
remaine there but three or four daies. It were a pitie at
this time to trouble you with any other matter, otherwise I
should let you knowe, that, as the messenger saith that is
this morning come with letters from Sir Ed. Norris, though
not yet opened, the Counte Maurice hath taken Berk. And
so untill a further occasion, I will leave otherwise to trouble
you, than with my hartiest commendations to Mrs. Hicks.
From the Court, this 20th of August, 1597.
Yours most assuredly,
H. Maynard.
LORD BURGHLEY TO SIR ROBERT CECIL.
I do send here included four letters, three of myne own
hand, wherof two to my Lady of Derby, that thus * marked
I I 2
484 AFFAIRS OF IRELAND. [SEPT.
she may have openly, the other privately to her own hands.
The third letter is to the Erie of Comberland, only for com-
pliment and thankes. The fourth is to Sir Edward Phytton,
of thanks both to hym and my Lady his wife. These I had
made ready before your messenger came.
I thank you for your honest report of my paynes, which in
truth, by the weakness of my hand, are more grievous to me
than the like were in former tymes.
Sir Edm. Care dyning with me this day, reported the acci-
dents of yesterdaye's skyrmish in the Kayle (.?) I looked to
have had the last letter from Ireland, from whence I look not
for such success as was pretended.
The warrant for apparell for Ireland wold be sent. I think
it shall not be nedefull to send any letters into Wales, where
I think the dearth groweth not by engrossers.
To-morrow I shall have here all my kynred within five
or six myles compass, with all their messes, &c.
24th August, 1597.
Your loving father,
W. BURGHLEY.
LORD BURGHLEY TO SIR ROBERT CECIL.
I have received from you the Deputie's letter directed to
yourself, with the other writing therewith sent, and likewise
Sir Arthur Savage's letter, all which I do return unto you, al-
lowing greatly the Deputie's resolute manner of wTiting, and
especially his imperious answer to the rebell Tyrone. The
sum you send me, the warrant for Ireland, and the other also
for Barwick, it shall much content me, for both these hold
the Queue's service in suspence, untill by those wan*ants I
may procede. And so I end.
From my howse at Theobald's, the 25th of August, 1597,
1597.] A DANISH EMBASSY. 485
where 1 had at dynner of old and yong, 14 descended of my
body.
Your loving father,
W. BURGHLEY.
LORD BURGHLEY TO SIR ROBERT CECIL.
Since my last writing to you, I am more unable to write
than then I was, and therefore am forced to use another man's
hand, and so I pray you let her Majesty understand for my
reasonable excuse. By your letter, I understand that her
Majesty would have me with my presence to advise how to
answer this Danishe ambassage, for which purpose she would
have me come to London, where she hath appointed my Lord
Keper, my Lord of Buckhurst, and Sir John Forrester, to
joine with me, and to consider what were fitt to be sayd to
them in answer, and therof her Majesty being first advertised,
so her Majesty to allow or disallow as shall please her, and
theruppon consequently to give them an answer at my howse.
I have considered of their demands propounded, wherof the
principall matter, tending to a mediation for peace, requireth
many circumstances of weight beyond my ability to resolve
theron. The other matter being a demand of free traffick
and navigations upon the sea, I think cannot be more rea-
sonably answered than was answered to the Polishe am-
bassador, although I see by the Danishe ambassador they
temper their request with a modification. Thus you see how
doubtfull I am in these two greate matters. But yet her
Majesty joining me with other great counsellors, it may be
by their advise I may have some clearer understanding.
Though my body be this very daye at the period of three
score and seventene yeares, and therefore far unable to tra-
vayle either with my body or with lively spiritts, yet I fynd
myself so bound with the superabundant kyndness of her Ma-
48(5 SIR ROBERT CECIL. [fEB.
jesty in dispensing with my disabilities, as, God permitting
me, I will be at Westminster to-morrow in the aftei-noone,
ready to attend the Lords. 13 Sept. sol in libra.
Your old loving father,
W. BURGHLEY.
SIR ROBERT CECIL TO LORD BURGHLEY.
My humble duty remembred to your Lordship, this morn-
ing at six o'clock, I receaved your Lordship's pacquet, with
Chas. Pagett's letter inclosed, which I have read, but dare
not ground anything uppon it. I do also find that it pleased
God to direct your Lordship's hand to straine your body in
my absence to do that which I shold do if I were there, be-
sides yom* Lordship's owne other great dispatches. I am also
thus divided between comfort in your favour and feare of over-
throwing your Lordship's health ; yet I do quiet my heart
with hope in God's providence, that he will sett back your
aged body, and by degrees, as it is overgrown, the vigour and
strength of mind out of whose treasures many yonger witts
may dayly be fed and instructed. I have likewise taken
notice where your Lordship directed me, of the Erl's favour-
able concurrencey with your Lordship in all things concern-
ing me, and his dealing with myself in making these my
dispatches.
I am half of opinion that this new armament will divert the
French King back to , except an agreement be
made between them in his absence ; but the weakness of Britain
the abandoning of it in making such a pacification between
the two Kings or dist .... the Spanyards cf Mercury. We
shall heare to night whether any of the rereguard of the fleet
can be light on, who were now as much beholding to the out-
rageous storm as hereto they have bene in the contrary.
And thus never more weary of attending on an inconstant
1598.] LORD burghley's illness. 487
element, I most humbly take my leave. From Dover, newly
returned from the Downes, from whence all the shippes are
gone over to the French coast.
Your Lordship's most humble and obedient sonn,
Ro. Cecyll.
This Thursday^ the 16th, at one of the clock. (Dover
February 16, 1597.)
LORD BURGHLEY TO SIR ROBERT CECIL.
I see you continue your care for me, for which I thank
you. I took not your howse, for that it was too near the
breathing of Westminster, nor Wymbelton, because of the
discommodities in passing the river, but came hither to my
familiar place, although forced to seke a resting-place, but
w^ithout rest.
As yet I can recover my appetite, only I supped yester-
night with four or five leaves of an artychock, but this morn-
ing I have eaten a small panado.
And so T will prove all good meanes either to amend, or to
make a good end. 9 Jun. 1598.
Your best loving father,
W. BuRGHLEY.
LORD BURGHLEY TO SIR ROBERT CECIL.
# * * # #
I pray you to present my humble thanks to her Majesty
for her frequent messages, for which I knowlledg my dett
greater than I am able to requite, but yet I will gage my
heart to be thankfull with prayer.
From my howse at Theobald's, this 11th of June, 1598.
Your loving sick father,
W. BURGHLEY.
488
BURGHLEY S LAST LETTEll, AND DEATH.
[1598.
LORD BURGHLEY TO SIR ROBERT CECIL.*
Though I know you count it your duty in nature so con-
tinually to shew you carefull of my state of health, yet were
I also unnatural, if I should not take comfort thereby, and to
beseke Almighty God to bless you with supply of such bless-
ings as I cannot in this infirmytie yield you.
Only I pray you dilligently and effectually, let her Majesty
understand how her singular kyndness doth overcome my
power to acquit it, who though she will not be a mother, yet
she sheweth herself by feding me with her own princely
hand, as a careful norse, and if I may be weaned to fede
myself, I shall be more ready to serve her on the earth, if not,
I hope to be in heaven a servitor for her and God's church.
And so I thank you for your partritches.
10 July, 1598.
Your languishing father,
W. BuRGHLEY.
Serve God by serving of the Quene, for all other service is
indede bondage to the devill.
SIR ROBERT WROTHf TO MR. HICKES.
My good friend, Saint Michaell, I have expected and have
been in good hope that we should have met some time this
summer, and to have bene merry together. The time draweth
very neere out for sport in hunting, if therefore 1 might intreat
you and your wife, with Mr. Alderman Loe and his wife,
your brother Colston and his wife, and any other good com-
* This is the last letter that Lord Burghley ever wrote with his own
hand. The old and faithful minister died on the fourth of August
following.
t Sir iiobert ^V^roth, of Durance in Essex^ who had large possessions
in the hundred of Oiitrar.
/i
ItlOO.] SIR ROBERT WROTH. 489
p<aiiy whomsoever you will bring or appoint, I shall be most
glad therat, and you shall be most welcome as to your own
howse, with all the rest, and in anywise you must determine
to lodge with me one night at the least, and that of your
coming, I desire it may beuppon Tuesday morning next, and
to meet about Fairmead, where I will appoint to hunt and to
make the gentlewomen some sport, with Mr. Colston's houndes
and mine. And so earnestly desiring* you not to fail herein,
and to send me word of your determination, and to be very
earnest with Mr. Alderman Loe to have his companie and
his wive's, 1 will bid you farewell. Lucton, this 9th of
September, 1600.
Your assured friend,
Robert Wrothe.
If the gentlewomen cannot be stirring so soon, appoint to
come to dinner upon Thursday, and in the afternoone we will
find some sport at bowles or otherwise, and therefore bring
your bowles with you for yourself and your other company,
among whom I pray forget not to bring with you your brother
Baptist.
I send herewith some apricocks to your good wife. I
wolde they were as good as I could wishe them, but this year
they are not kindly as they have been.
SIR ROBERT WROTH TO MICHAEL HICKES.
Sir, the long expectation of your good company caused me
to write unto you as I did, and desyred the time approaching
so neare as it is. But whereas you write unto me that you
wil be with me uppon Monday next at dinner, I am very
sorry that it so falleth out that I am to be at a determined
feast the same daye, yearely made by my cosin John Barfoote
at his house, for the hunters, chiefly appoynted for my sake,
as one of the unthriftiest in these pastymes, and the ending of
hunting is appoynted in these partes, and not in Fairmeadc.
490 IRELAND. SIR HENRY DANVERS. [1600.
Whither if it please to come with Mr. Ralph Colston, and
his merry dogges, very early in the morninge; I will make you
the best sport I can. And for the gentlewomen, because I
doubt of their rising so soone, if they will come to Lucton in
the afternoone to supp, they shal be most hartily welcome.
Yet to deale playnely with you, I must be at Dunmoe uppon
Wednesday next, about the commyssion of the statute con-
cerning charytable uses ; and therefore if you will defer it untill
Monday come se'nnight, either dinner or supper, I will be
ready to bowle or to do any other pastyme with you, only
the assaye, I will leave it to yourself, although your dayly
say is better then I thinke you can well provide unto you, and
therefore I would advise you to keepe you when you are well,
and although the male kynd of venyson groweth something
ranke and stronge, I will provide for you the sweete female
kinde. And so prest to do unto you all the kindnes I can,
expecting your aunswer therein, for otherwise where I dine I
am to sup, I will bid you farewell, with my commendations
to your good wife. Lucton, this 13th of September, 1600.
Your assured friende,
Robert Wrothe.
Mr. Jackman especially, and any other company that shall
come with you, shall be most welcome, and in any wise if
you can let me have the company of good Mr. Aldennan Loe.
SIR HENRY DANVERS TO MR. ATE.*
Sir, — Now in hast, and never no good penman, I have sent
you my book, which you must piece and feather. The unfitt
* During the latter years of the reign of Elizabeth, by the jealousies
and mismanagement of her officers in that country, the increasing
turbulence of Tyrone and his companions in rebellion, and the in-
trigues of the Spaniards and foreign Catholics, Ireland was brought
to a sate of distraction. In spite of the difFercnt successes of the
]601.] BATTLE OF KINSALE. 491
or improbable you must blott out or reconcile, as I have
omitted many circumstance opposite to other relations. The
Englishe you must amend in all, and then if of one line you
can make use, I shall thinke my labour well bestowed.
Though I will rather referr you to the cross in the margent
correspondent with the cross in the line, then write it out
this night agayne for a million ; having bene till within this
hour ever in company, as Sir Oliver St. John can witnes,
who will be with you to-moiTow morning. You have prac-
tised many ill handes, and whether you can or cannot reade
it yourself, I praye let nobody els. Commend me to my
cosen, and believe I do desire to be esteemed.
Your very assured loving cosen and frend,
H. Danvers.
Somersett Howse, this Sounday night, late.
Tirrell discovering the Marshall and Sir H. Danvers to be
advanced with all the horse, and Sir H. Poore with his re-
giment, retired some few troupes he had advanced againe to
his bodyes beyonde the forde. Presently the Marshall sent the
Lord Deputy word that the enemy retyred in some disorder.
English troops, as fast as the rebellion of the Catholics was crushed
in one point, it broke out with increasing violence in another. At
length, in 1601, the rebels were assisted openly by Spain with a con-
siderable force, the greater part of which established itself in Kinsale,
to which the Deputy laid siege. The Irish rebels under Tyrone,
with the Spaniards who had landed on other parts of the coast, made
an attempt to raise the siege, which ended in the battle which Sir
Henry Danvers, himself a principal actor in it, relates in this letter.
The victory was very decisive, and the Irish chieftains fled in all
directions. " The Lord Deputy," says Camden, " having commanded
the retreat to be sounded, and given thanks to God among the heaps
of dead carcasses, knighted the Earl of Clanrickarde for his most
valiant service, and returned a conqueror to the camp, with joyfull
shouts and acclamations." The Spaniards in Kinsale soon afterwards
surrendered the place on a composition. The battle of Kinsale con-
tributed greatly towards restoring at least a temporary quietness to
Ireland.
49-2 BATTLE OF KINSALE. [1601.
Wherupon his Lordship came into the head of all, but before
he could give any perfect direction, a violent storme, during
some quarter of an hower, gave the enemye opportunity, not
now perfectly discovered, to draw off over a playn, in three
great bodyes of foote, and all their horse in the reare, with
their winges advanced in the heade of all. But the day
clearing, and discovering by their manner of march an intent
to retire, the Lord Deputy resolved to folio we and take the
advantage to fight with an enemy drawing off. But being
advanced some mile farther, we might perceive the enemyes
three bodyes to stand firme upon a forde of a bogge, that to
assayle them we must of necessity pass, and in all appear-
ance with a resolution to fight.* Now the Marshall, a littell
advanced, discovered a ford, a muskett-shott on the left
hand, happily neglected by their foote, and only garded
with their horse, sent unto the Lord Deputie for leave to
force them that way, which his Lordship approved, and com-
manded to draw up the foote with all expedition. Their first
wdnges once arrived, seconded by Sir H. Poore's regiment,
the Marshall with the Earle of Clanricard, ever urging to
fight, passed over, and together with Sir Richard Greemes,
offred a chardg upon one of their bodyes, but finding them
to stande firme, wheeled a littel about. Upon which the
Lord Deputie sent over Sir William Godolphin with his
company, and Captayn Minshew with the Lord President's
company, who were appoynted to keep still a gross in the
reare, to answer all accidents, and Sir John Barceley, with
two of our three bodyes of foote. Whereupon the Marshall
and the Earle of Clanricard united themselves with Sir H.
Danvers, Lord Taffe, and Lord Flemminge, charged agaynethe
horse and the rear of the same battell, who presently ther-
upon, both horse and foote, fell into disorder and brake.
All this while the vanguard of the enemy, in which was
Tirrell and the Spaniards, stoode firme upon the bogge on
* " They mayntained a little skirmish on our side the bogge, but
were cusely beaten backe to their bodyes."
1G02.] SIR ROBERT COTTON. 493
the right hand, unto whom within cannon shott the Lord
Deputie had drawen up our reare, Sir Oliver St. John's
regiment, commanded by C. Roe. But seeing Tirrell and the
Spaniards drawing between our men on the execution and
the bodyes of foote, his Lordship having hitherto, by
direction, sett all other men's swordes aworke, himself in
the head of the rear regiment charged the enemy in flancke,
and put them into a disorderly retreat after their fellowes
to the toppe of the next hill.
JOHN DAVIS TO SIR ROBERT COTTON.
Sweet Robin, for a few sweet words, a client of mine hath
presented me with sweet-meates, to what end I know not,
except it be as Chaucer speakes, " To make mine English
sweet uppon my tongue," that I may pleade the better for
him to-morrow at the Scale. Notwithstanding, the best use
I can make of it, is to present you with it, especially at this
time when you are in physick, that you may sweeten your
taste after the rhewbarb. I have been so utterly distracted
with unexpected business these two or three last dayes, that
I could not performe my officious promise to visit you in this
voluntary sickness of yours. Now I am faine to make my
hands excuse my feet from travayling unto you, because
being the servant of the multitude, I am not mine own man.
Make much of yourself, and make yourself speedily well, that
I may have your company towards Cambridge, from whence
T will go with you to see the ancient seat of Robert le Bruis.^
So wishing you a prosperous operation of your physick, at
least that you may imagine so, for it is the imagination that
doth good, and not the physick, which I ever thought a mere
imposture, I cease to trouble you, least the intention of
too much reading hinder the working of these virtuous
drugs.
Yours all and ever,
Davis.
* A pun on Cotton's name — Sir Robert Bruce Cotton.
494 THE DEATH OF THE QUEEN. [1603.
WILLIAM CAMDEN TO SIR ROBERT COTTON.
Pardon me, my good Mr. Cotton, if I do not now preface
it. I knowe you are (as we all have been) in a melancholy and
pensive cogitation. This dvTrvia^ or excessive sleepless in-
disposition of her Majestic is now ceased, which being joined
with an inflammation from the breast upward, and her mind
altogether averted from physic in this her climactericall year,
did more than terrify us all, especially the last Friday in the
morning, which moved the Lords of the council, when they
had providently caused all the vagrants here about to be taken
up and shipped for the Low Countries, to draw some muni-
tion to the Court, and the great horse from Reading to guard
the Receipt at Westminster ; to take order for the navy to
lye in the narrow seas ; and to commit some gentlemen hunger-
starved for innovations, as Sir Edm. Bainham,* Catesby,t
Tresham, J two Wrights,§ &c. and afterwards the Counte
Arundell of Warder, || to a gentleman's house, for speech
used by the foresayd turbulent spirites, as concerning him, or
for that he made lately some provision of armour.
This I thought good in generality to impart unto you,
that you may (as we do) put away fear, and thank God for
this joyful recovery of her, upon whose health and safety we
all depend. Vale prospere, 15 Martii. (1602.)1I
Your Worship's assured,
GuiL. Camden.
* He appears to have been privy to the gunpowder plot.— See Win.
wood's Mem. vol. ii. p. 205.
t Robert Catesby, principall in that plot, and killed in resisting the
sheriif of Staffordshire.
X Francis Tresham, Esq., ihe same traitor who died in the Tower.
§ Probably John and Christopher Wright, who were agents in the
plot above mentioned.
II Thomas Arundel, advanced by the Emperor Rodolph II., in 1595,
to the honour of Count of the Empire, and in May, 1605, by King
James I., to the dignity of a Baron of this realm, under the title of
Lord Arundel of Wardour. He died in 1609.
11 Queen Elizabeth died on the 24th March, 1602-3.
1003.] ACCESSION OF JAMES. 495
MR. SIMON THELWAL TO MR. DUNN, DEAN OF THE ARCHES,
AT BREMEN, IN GERMANY.
My humble duty unto your Worship remembered, the
Earl of Hertford is come to London, and it is spoken, that
the King is at York at this time ; and all men are well satis-
fied, and the realm is as quiet and peaceable as ever it was,
and great hope of a flourishing time. There is very great
preparations made and making for the Queen's Majesty's
funeral, which is appointed to be performed on Thursday in
Easter week next; and very shortly after the King's Majesty
will come to London.
Mr. Dr. Caesar and Mr. Wilbraham had, by the appoint-
ment of the Lords, set down a day to take their journey to-
wards the King's Majesty. But Mr. Wilbraham has, it
seemeth, fearing to lose his place, took post-horses, and went
the day before their appointment ; and he did send Mr. Dr.
Caesar word thereof two hours after he went out of the town.
Yesterday Mr. Secretary Cecille took his journey towards
his Majesty. Here is old posting now. The Lord Cob-
ham is, as I understand, lately returned from his Majesty
discontented.
The King hath discharged the Earle of Southampton and
Sir Henry Nevell ; and they are appointed to come to him
with the rest of the Lords, when they go to meet him.
Here is great dearth of silks and velvets at this time.
Tp w ^ ^ ^
The King hath signified unto the Lords, that his pleasure
was, that the Earls of Northumberland and Cumberland, and
the Lord Montjoy, and the Lord Thomas Howard, should be
of his Privy Council. London, the 16th of April, 1603.
Your Worship's evermore most bounden,
Simon Thelwal.
I N D E X
Abarrow, Mr., ii, 248
Abingdon, Edw. ii, 306
Abergavenny, Henry Nevil Lord, ii, 51 ;
letter from him, ii, 51
Abraham, Mr., ii, 205
Acerbo, ii, 72
Adamson, Capt. i, 490
Admiral, see Chastillon
Adolphe, Thomas, ii, 311
Alcazar, battle of, ii, 85, 92
Aldagonda, ii, 58, 59, 119, 268
Aldersey, Mr., ii, 173
Alenfon, Francis, Duke of, i, 449, 4o3.
See Anjou
Alford, Francis, ii, 170
Alington, Lady, ii, 69
Allen, ii, 231
Allen, the Jesuit, ii. 5
Almond, Roger, ii, 190
Alpheme, Monsieur de, ii, 170
Altham, Mrs., ii. 87
Alva, Ferdinand de Toledo, Duke of, ac-
count of him, i, 3, n. 247, 249 ; leads
an army to the Low Countries, 261 ;
his behaviour towards England, 31 4 ;
invited to land in Scotland, 341 , pre-
pares to join the northern rebels in
1569, 352, 368, and the Norfolk plot,
373, 374 ; is recompensed by the king,
379 ; his professions to Elizabeth,
387 ; his tyranny, 436, 470, ii, 3 ; he
defeats the King" of Portugal, ii,116
Alvarede, Francisco d'Aguilar d', ii, 268
Ambassadors, English, allowances to, i,
449, n.
Ambassador, Portuguese, massmongers
taken at his house, i, 467
VOL. 11,
Ambassador, Spanish, in England, trea-
sons and intrigues of, i, 98, 99, 120
Ambery, Dr., ii, 20
Amersam, John, ii, 417
Amiens, Bp. of, employed in Scotland,
i, 25, 26, 42.— Letter from him, i, 25
Anderson, Justice, ii, 146, 173, 228,
246, 248
Andrews, St., the prior of, i, 16, 21
Angus, Archibald Douglas, Earl of, i,
341, 342,484; ii, 82, 97, 218, 222,
223, 226, 264, 447
Angus, William Douglas, E?.rl of, ii, 447
Anbalt, ii, 118
Anjou, Henry Duke of, i, 288, 313 ; ne-
gotiations for his marriage with Queen
Elizabeth, i, 385 ; elected king of Po-
land, 494; afterwards Henry IIL ; see
France
Anjou, Francis Duke of, negotiations for
his marriage with Queen Elizabeth, ii,
99; elected Governor of the Low
Countries, 137 ; in the Low Countries,
191; his death, 237
Antonio, king of Portugal, driven from
his kingdom, ii, 116, 118, 133, 135,
137 ; his miserable estate, 179, 180,
213,350,351, 409
Antwerp, tumult at, ii, 181
Antwerp, Bishop of, ii, 5
Appleyard, i, 372, 373
Aquila, bishop of, i, 8 ; his death, 155
Arbroath, Lord, i, 296, 369, 483 ; ii, 23,
196,283
Archbishops, English —
York, — Dr. May appointed, i, 39
Thomas Young, account of him,
i, 145 ; letters from bini, i, 145, 147
K K
498
INDEX.
Canterbury, — Matthew Parker, i, 134;
attempt against his life, 362 ;
his death, ii, 7 ; letters from him,
i, 134, 162, 361, 440, 446, 493,
508 ; ii, 7
John Whitgift, ii, 75
Archbishops, Scottish.
St. Andrews, account of the archbishop
of, i, 32
Irish,
Dublin, i, 239 ; ii, 35
Armagh, — Adam Loftus, i, 242 — ^letter
from him, i, 242
Ardecentions, Christopher, ii, 105
Ardes, the, colonized by Sir Thomas
Smith, i, 463, 465,466
Argyle, Archibald Campbell, fifth Earl
of, i. 17 ; he intrigues -wath the Irish,
71, 74, 78, 193, 194,195, 206, 218,
221, 227, 231, 232, 236, 254, 258, 263,
269, 294, 295,309, 341, 351, 377,387,
454, 470
Argyle, Cohn, sixth Earl of, ii, 78, 81,
91, 97, 126,215, 217, 223
Argyle, Lady, i, 297, 499
Armada, Spanish. Preparations in Eng-
land for its reception , ii, 358, 359; a plot
to burn part of the English fleet, 360;
a forced loan, 361 ; preparations for
defence in the north of England, 368,
370,374 ; the Spanish fleet at sea, 369 ;
preparations of the Duke of Parma,
371 ; the armada at sea, 372 ; circular
from the council to the nobility, 374,
376 ; London threatened by the Duke
of Parma, 378 ; the armada comes in
sight, 379; the first fight, ib. n.; the
second fight, 380 ; the armada an-
chors before Calais, 381 ; flight of the
armada, 382 ; fears of the Duke of
Parma, 383 ; news of the armada, 384 ;
return of the English fleet from the
pursuit, 385, 387; dismissal of the
army, 388, 392 ; shipwrecked Spa-
niards in Scotland, 392
Armagh burnt by Shane O'Neil, i, 86
Armtreading, Mr., ii, 403
Arnold, Sir Nicholas, i, 210, 239
Arran, Earl of, see Hamilton
Arran, James Stuart, Earl of, ii, 198, 215,
219. 220, 225, 336; account of him,
252, 253, 261 , 262, 265, 269, 283, 284
Arras, Bishop of, see Granvelle
Arrol, Earl of, ii, 264, 447
Arskot, Duke of, ii, 58, 59
Arundel, Henry Fitz-Allan, Earl of, ac-
count of him, i, 180, 185, 248, 249,
250
Arundel, Philip Howard, Earl of, i, 402 ;
ii, 134, 229, 248, 291
Arundel, Sir John, i, 507, 508
Arundel, Count, of Wardour, ii, 494
Arundell, Mrs., ii, 124
Arundell, W., ii, 366, 367
Asford, Laird of, ii, 197
Asheby, William, ii, 392
Ashley, John, ii, 18
Askam, Mr., i, 145
Askew, Simon, ii, 249
Asplin, i, 492
Asteley, John, ii, 20
Aston, Roger, ii, 283, 334
Athol, Earl of, i, 192, 203, 220, 229,
232, 233, 369, 377, 483 ; ii, 78, 91 ;
poisoned, 97
Athol, Earl of, ii, 218
Aty, Mr., ii, 277, 282, 299, 236, 345.—
Letter to him, 490
Aubrey, Mr., ii, 186
Audley, George Touchet Lord, his
death, i, 40
Audley, Mr., i, 112
Austria, House of, its rise, i, 59
Austria, Charles, Archduke of, «ee Eliza-
beth, Queen. He visits Italy, i, 317
Austria, Archduke of, ii, 476
Averey, i, 457
Avery, i, 418
Avington, Captain, i, 470
Awfield, ii, 246
Ayala, Johan de, sent by the King of
Spain to give advice to Queen Eliza-
beth, i, 23
Babington, Mr., ii, 63
Bacchus, Sheriff", ii, 70
Bacon, ii, 171 ; Mr. i, 373
Bacon, Anthony, letter from him, ii, 466
Bacon, Sir Nicholas, i, 179, 184, 348,
361
Bacon, Sir Francis, afterwards Lord Ve-
rulam. — Letter from him, ii, 112
Bagnoll, Sir Nicholas, i, 237 ; a saying
of his, 356. — Letters from him, ii,
119
Bailly, Charles, i, 398
Bajazet imprisoned in a cage, i, 41
Baker, John, ii, 248
Baldwin, Thomas, ii, 241
Balentine, Mr., i, 298
Balentine, Patrick, i, 229
Ballandine, Mr. W.. ii, 235
Balston, Philip, ii, 332
Baltinglas, Viscount, ii. 110; his rebel-
lion, 119,120
Ba Jyse, ii, 335
INDEX.
499
Band, Mr. i, 420
Banes, Henry, i, 267
Bannister, i, 407 ; the Russian mer-
chant, i, 419
Baptist, Mr. i, 28
Barbary, English trade with, i, 486,
488; ii.l75
Barber, -, ii, 249
Barefoot, John, ii, 489
Bargamy, Lord of, ii, 223
Barham, Serjeant, ii, 52,63
Barker, Mr.,ii, 295, 336
Barker, John, letter from him, ii, 83
Barker, Peter, ii, 207
Barker, William, i, 398, 407
Barlemont, ii, 59
Barloos, ii, 172
Barlow, ii, 69; Mr. i, 109, 137, 161,
178, 179, 180, 181,225
Barnard Castle, i, 333
Barnes, Sheriff, ii, 37, 38, 39
Barrett, i, 290
Barrow, J., letters from him, ii, 131
Bartholomew, St., Massacre of, 438, 440,
443 ; anniversary of, kept in Paris, ii,
208
Baufour, James, i, 169, 342 ; ii, 65.
Baventine, Mr., i, 109
Baynham, Sir Edward, ii, 494
Basiarto, Alonso, ii, 175
Basshe,Mr., ii, 159
Bastardy, law of, ii, 64
Beachor, ii, 473
Beale, Mr., i, 480; ii, 244, 254, 267,
354
Beaton, i, 267, 271
Beaton, Lady, i, 77
Beaton, Mrs., ii, 188
Beaufort, the feigned name of the Earl
of Arran, i, 18
Beaumont, Dr. Robert, i, 1 65
Beaupre, Mons de,ii, 181
Beauvaise, Mons., i, 119
Becon, Thomas, account of him, 166
Bedford, Francis Russell, second Earl
of, i, 84, 105, 184, 212, 218, 230;
made knight of the garter, 172. — Let-
ters from, i, 204, 215, 226, 507— to
him, i. 256
Bedford, Countess of, brought to bed of
a daughter, i, 40
Bedon, Mons. de, ii, 47
Bedrule, Laird of, ii, 22
Beeston^ ii, 481
Beggars in England, ii, 29
Bekesbourn, i, 135
Belasyse, Sir William, i, 339
Bell, Mr., i, 373,374
Bellew, Sir John, i, 112, 113
Berelle, Baron, ii, 58
Berkeley, Sir John, ii, 492
Berry, John, ii, 249
Berwick, Mr., i, 127
Betaghe, i, 244
Beza, Theodore, i, 429 ; ii, 202
Billingsley, Mr., ii, 241
Bingham, Mr., ii, 127
Bingham, Sir Richard, account of him,
ii, 120, 280 ; his victory over the Irish
Scots, 321 — Letters from him, ii, 120,
483,469,471
Biragues, Mons. ii, 182
Birch, Thomas, ii, 248
Birchet, Peter, stabs Hawkins the navi-
gator, i, 492
Bird, Mr., i, 143
Biron, Mareschal de, ii, 109, 138, 181
Bishops, English.
Bath and Wells— Gilbert Berkley, ac-
count of him, i, 169. — Letter i, 169
Carlisle, — Owen Oglethorp, account
of, i, 149. —Letter from, i, 148
Durham, — James Pilkington, account
of him, i, 221. — Letters from him,
i, 221, 349— letter to him, i, 415 ;
— Rich. Barnes, bishop, ii, 442
Ely, — Thirlby, with King Philip
to negotiate a peace, i, 1 ; his
death, 374 ; his chambers, ii, 67 ;
Richard Coxe, i, 141 ; acused of
cbeing rich, 497. — Letters from
him, i, 141, 156, 497
Exeter, — William Alley appointed, i,
39 ; account of him, ib. n.
Lincoln, — Th. Cooper, his sermon, i,
416
London, — Edmund Grindal, account of
him, i, 133; his love for garden-
ing, 164; his sermon on death of
the emperor, 177. — Letters from
him, i, 133,135, 163, 166, 330
Edwyn Sandys, i, 438 ; account of
him, ii, 9, 88. — Letters from him, i,
438. 466 ; ii, 9
Aylmer, John, account of him, ii,
154. — Letter from him, ii, 154
Norwich, — John Parkhurst, account of
him, i, 39, 164. — Letter from him,
1,164
Edmund Freake, account of him,
ii, 145. — Letter from him, ii, 145
Peterborough, — Edmund Scambler, ac-
count of him, i, 475. — Letter from
him, i, 475
K K 2
500
INDEX.
Bochester, — Edmond Guest, i, 157
Winchester, — Robert Horn, account of
him, i, 445. — Letters from him, i,
445, 493, 495 ; Thomas Cooper
made bishop, ii, 442
Bishops, Scottish.
Glasgow, — James Beaton, account of
him, i, 181
Ross, — Henry Sinclair made Bishop
of, i, '26
John Lesley, Elizabeth praises him,
i, 303 ; he ministers in St. Paul's,
330 ; concerned in the rebellion of
1569, 341, 344 ; imprisoned, 366,
370 ; concerned in Norfolk's con-
spiracy, 398, 399 ; in custody of
Bishop of Winchester, 493, 495. —
Letter to, i, 383
St. Andrew's, his sermon, ii, 252
Bishops, Irish.
Kildare. — Alexander Craike, as-
sumes the bishopric, i, 36
Meath. — HughBradv, account of him,
i, 236.— Letter from liim, i, r36
Bishop of Amiens, see Amiens.
Bishop of Arras, see Granvelle
Bishop of Toledo, see Toledo
Bishop, Thomas, i, 353
Blacader, i. 218
Blackwell, Mr., ii, 67, 249
Blaketter, i, 340
Bland, Mr.,ii, 210
Bland, B., his declaration of the Spanish
preparations, ii, 302
Blanke, Thomas, Lord Mayor of London,
letter from him, ii, 183
Blantyre, Prior of, ii, 199
Blewate, John, ii, 248
Blithe, Mr., i, 453
Blunc, Sir Richard, i, 137
Blunt, Capt, i, 120
Blythe, John, ii, 249
Bodenham, ^apt. Roger, taken by the
Turks, i, 241. — Letters from him, i,
241 ; ii, 175
Bodley, Sir Thomas, account of him, ii,
399, 441, 444,446,448, 452— Letters
from him, ii, 399, 412. — Letters to
him, 411, 423
Bohun, George, letter from him, ii, 133
Bold, Mr., ii, 386
Bolland, Mr., letter to him, ii, 158
Bolton Castle, description of, i, 290,
291
Bomelius, account of him, i, 361
Boorne, John, ii, 103
Borders, Scottish, turbulence of the, i,
298, 301 ; disturbance at the Reids-
wire, ii, 13, 22, 33 ; measures of de-
fence on the death of Mary Queen of
Scots, 333, 334 ; fray on the borders,
384
Boros Frederick, counsellor of the Em-
peror of Russia, ii, 446, 447
Borthwick, Lord, i, 76, 292
Bosgrave, ii, 250
Bossu, Count, ii, 58
Boste, Mr. ii, 369
Bostoche, Captain, ii, 401
Bothwell, Earl of, i, 34, 76, 83 ; impri-
soned, 123 ; his turbulent adherents,
205 ; refuses to hear mass, 220 ; con-
cerned in the murder of Rizzio, 229,
231, 232; his marriage with Mary,
250 ; his death, 257, 258
Bothwell, Earl of, ii, 197, 215, 220, 226,
264, 431, 447, 448
Bowerman, William, ii, 331
Boussu, Mons. de, i, 378
Bowes, Mr., ii, 38
Bowes, Sir George, account of him, i,
275. — Letters from him, 331, 333
Bowes, Robert, ii, 21, 65, 77, 91, 129,
189, 190, 191, 253, 427.— Letters from
him, ii, 20, 65, 78, 96, 215, 218, 222,
225, 233. — Letters to him, ii, 79
Bowyer, Sheriff, ii, 70
Boxe, Mr., ii, 21
Boyd, Lord,i. 371, ii, 223
Boyes, Edward, i, 163
Brabant, troubles in, i, 235
Brabant, John, his scandalous speec hes,
i, 446
Braganza, Duke of, ii, 135
Brandon, James, i, 113
Branspeth Park, i, 400
Brentius, a German reformer, i, 163
Brereton, Thomas, ii, 329, 331
Brett, Jerome, i , 472, 473
Brett, Captain, ii, 400
Brocas, Mr., ii, 436
Bromley, Sir George, ii, 188
Brooke, Mrs. Elizabeth, ii, 401
Brosse, La, see La Brosse
Browne, i, 473, ii, 227 ; Mr. ii, 169
Brown, John, Letters from him, ii, 127
Brown, Peter, ii, 455
Brown, Robert, founderof the Brownists,
ii, 145
Brown, Sir Thomas, of Betchworth, i, 4
Brown, Sir Valentine, i, 72, 343, 492 ;
ii. 2. — Letters from him, i, 343
Bruce, Captain, ii, 218
Brunswick, Duke of, i, 48 ; ii, 118
INDEX.
501
Bruys, Paul, ii, 278
Bryan, Mr., i, 243
Buccleugh, Lord of, taken by Sir John
Forster, i, 299—301, mentioned 340
Buccleugh, Lady of, ii, 23
Buchanan, George, account of him, i,
427 n. ii, 81 ; his history, 429.— Let-
ter from him, i. 427
Buchenan, ii, 81
Buck, Mr., ii, 241
Buckhurst, Lord, ii, 246, 3.58, 417, 418,
485.
Buckhurst, Lady, ii, 87
Bullays, ii, 73.
Burghley, Lord, see Cecil
Burgh, Sir John, ii, 421, 422.— Letter
from him, ii, 418
Burgos, Marquis of, i, 249
Burke, John, ii, 126
Burke, Tibhott, ii,126
Burke, Ulick, ii, 126
Burnham, ii, 268
Burton, William, i. 350
Butler, Edward, i, 146
Butler, Sir Edmund, i, 146, 342
Butler, James, i, 146
Butler, John, i, 146
Butler, Sir Philip, ii, 411
Butler, Piers, letters from him, i, 146
Butler, Theobald, i, l46
Butrach, ii, 214
Buttes, Sir William, i, 372
Cade, Mr., ii, 67
Caen, besieged, i,131, 132
Caesar, Dr. Julius, ii, 495
Caithness, George, fourth Earl of, i, 192,
220,382
Calais — taken from the English in Mary's
reign, i, 1 , n. ; Elizabeth resolved to
have it restored, 3 ; enterprise at, 10 ;
demanded by the English, 247, 248 ;
besieged by the Spaniards, ii, 459
Calder, i, 398
Calfhil, (? Calshill,)i, 16G, 187
Cambell, Mr. i, 150
Cambuskenneth, Abbot of, ii, 81
Carnbray, Mr., ii, 338
Camden, Wm., letter from him, ii, 494
Campbell, Archibald, see Argyle
Campbell, Captain, i, 490
Campion, Mr., the brewer, ii, 19
Campion, the Jesuit, ii, 132, 155, 169
Canton, Jevan, i, 441, 442
Canton, John, i, 442
Canton, Thomas, i, 442
Cantre , Hi, 326
Capers, Monsieur de, ii, 59
Car, parson of Roxburghe, i, 34
Car, Sir Andrew of Fawsensyde, i, 229
232, 300, 342
Car, Dan. i, 328, 330
Car, Robert, ii, 23
Car, Sir Thomas, ii, 97,284
Cardona, Don Gaione de, i, 316
Care, Sir Edmund, ii, 484
Carey, Mr. ii, 443
Carey, Sir George, ii, 265.— Letters from
him, ii, 265
Carew, Mr. i, 137
Carew, George, account of him,ii, 203
Carles, ii, 73
Carr, William of Ancrum, ii, 334
Carleton, Mr. i, 476
Carlingford, i, 113
Carlisle Castle, description of, i, 290
Carmichael, Sir John, ii, 13, 14, 22, 2i7
Caron, Monsieur de, ii, 423, 424
Carre, Captain, ii, 400
Carre, Mrs. ii, 436
Carrickfergus, said to be taken by the
rebels, i, 65
Carter, of Carlisle, i, 353
Cartright, the Puritan, ii, 417
Carus, Katherine, li, 67
Carvel, Robert, ii, 283
Cashell, John, i, 113
Cashell, Stephen, i, 92, 113
Casimir, Prince, i, 514, ii, 47, 90, 209
211,213, 214
Cassilis, Gilbert, fourth Earl of, i, 16,
34, 77, 193, 203, 220. 268, 329.
Cassilis, Master of, ii, 223
Castalio, Sebastian, ii, 152
Cateau Cambresis, peace of, i, 2
Catesby, Robert, ii, 494
Cathcart, Lord of, i,490
Catteling, i, 420
Caubon, Monsieur, i, 56
Cavalcaut, i, 127, 131
Cavan, county of, i, 61
Cave, Mr. ii, 450
Cavendish, Mr. ii, 378
Cawerden, Mr. i, 4
Cecil, Sir William, Lord Burghley.
He is accused of helping secretly
the Scottish Protestants, i, 23 ; ex-
postulates with the Queen on her
reluctance to interfere in Scotland,
24; sent to Scotland to negotiate,
29 ; his account of his negotiations,
30 — 32; he is subject to detractions,
159, 365 ; differences reported be-
tween him and Lord Robert Dud-
502
INDEX.
ley, 176 ; Mary Queen of Scots' opi-
nion of Cecil, 311 J be is slandered,
373 ; created Lord Burghley, 390,
391 ; made Lord Treasurer, 4^5, 4SJ7,
the Lord Treasurer at Buxton, ii. 17 ;
his visit to Holdenby, 99 ; he is in
disgrace, '200, 201 ; in disgrace for
the execution of the Scottish Queen,
332, 335 ; death of his daughter Anne,
373 ; his verses addressed to her, 373,
?t.'; his illness, 426 ; his wooing-,
427, 438, 430 ; his illness, 433, 437 ;
marriage of his granddaughter, 440,
441 ; he arrives at the age of 84,
448 ; has 14 children and grand-
children to dinner, 485 ; his last
letter, 488 ; his death, ib. n. — Let-
ters from him, i, 8, 24, 30. 61, 62,
65, 67, 70, 79, 86, 87, 93, 95, 102,
103,109, 116, 118, 120, 122, 124,
125, 130, 136, 137, 138, 150, 153,
157, 158, 167, 171, 173, 174, 176,
178, 181, 197, 205, 207, 208, 224,
235, 320, 321, 364,390, 392, 398;
ii, 54, 92, 99, 137, 144, 281, 282,
287, 295, 299, 306, 313, 324, 423,
424, 426, 427, 428, 430, 433,
434, 436, 437, 439, 440, 441, 442,
443, 444, 446, 452, 453, 454, 455,
456, 457, 458, 459, 460, 461, 463,
464, 465, 473, 474, 475, 483, 484,
485, 487, 488. — Letters to him,
i, 5, 10, 11, 16, 18, 20, 23, 32,71, 75,
81, 113, 133, 134, 135, 141, 142, 145,
147, 148, 156, 162, 163, 165, 169,
170, 189, 204, 216, 219, 221, 247,
250, 252, 255, 256, 262, 263, 266,
270, 272, 280, 282, 283, 284, 286,
287, 289, 291, 294, 298, 300, 301,
304, 315, 318, 326. 328, 329, 330,
339, 344, 349, 358, 361, 378, 379,
386, 394, 400, 401, 422, 423, 426, 432,
435, 438, 440,441, 443, 444, 445,
446, 448, 451, 453, 457, 459, 460,
461, 462, 464, 466, 468, 471, 475,
478, 480, 481, 484, 486, 487, 489,
491, 493, 495, 496, 497, 503, 505—
508 ; ii, 1. 3, 7, 9, 10, 11, 16, 17, 21,
25, 27, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34, 37, 41, 42,
43, 45,48, 49, 51, 55, 62, 66, 70, 72,
81, 86, £f,91, 96, 97, 98,101,103,
105, 109, 112, 145, 152, 154, 159,
164, 169, 171, 173, 174, 179, 183,
184, 191, 200, 204, 203, 204, 206,
208, 226, 231, 240, 243, 245, 253, 255,
265, 271, 277, 291 , 293, 296, 298, 303,
307,308, 311, 329, 337, 338, 339,
340, 341, 346, 350, 356, 357, 359,
363, 368, 369, 370, 373, 376, 368,
387, 388, ^391, 392, 393, 397, 398,
400, 401, 403, 406, 407, 409, 410, 412,
417, 418, 422, 431, 445, 461, 462,
463, 486
Cecil, Sir Robert, ii, 187, 237, 345 ; his
journey to Flanders, 366, 367, 370 ;
his marriage, 401, 450 ; he goes to
meet King James, 495. — Letters from
him, ii, 237, 366. 402, 413, 414, 415,
416, 474, 477, 486. — Letters to him,
ii, 424, 426, 427, 428, 430, 432, 433,
434, 436, 437, 439, 440, 441, 442,
443, 444, 452, 453, 454, 455, 456,
457, 458, 459. 460, 461, 463, 464,
465, 473, 474, 475, 483, 484, 485,
487, 488
Cecil, Anne, Countess of Oxford, ii. 48,
144 ; her death, 373
Cecil, Mr. Henry, ii, 415
Cecil, Sir Thomas, ii, 299, 314
Cecil, Thomas, of Norfolk, i, 373
Cecil, Sir William, Lord Burghley's
youngest son ; letter from him, ii, 208
Cecilia, the Lady, of Sweden, her visit
to England, i, 210
Cercamps, negotiations at, i, 1,2, 3
Cessford, Lord of, i, 300; ii, 197.
Challes, ii, 227
Chaloner, ii, 36
Chaloner, Sir Thomas, account of him,
i, 5, n. ; ambassador in Spain, 127 ;
revoked, 156: his return and death,
185. — Letters from him, i, 5, 7 — 12,
23, 177.— Letters to him, i, 8, 127
Chamberlain, i, 378
Chamberlayn, Sir Thomas, account of
him, 49, n. ; ambassador in Spain,
58 ; his house, ii, 21. — Letter to him,
i, 49
Champenon, Sir Arthur, i, 511
Champenon, Monsieur, i, 56
Champigny, Monsieur de, ii, 45, 58
Chantonet, Monsieur de, i, 49, 56
Chartres, the Vidame of, i, 314, 451, 452,
491
Chasteaureux, Count, ii, 181
Chastellet, i, 114
(^hastellier, i, 314
Chastillon, the Admiral, leads the Por-
testants in France, i, 121 ; he goes to
Harfleur, 124 ; has money from Eliza-
beth, 161 ; mentioned, 305, 318, 320
323 ; account of him, 423. — Letter
from him, 423
Chatelherault, Duke of, see Hamilton.
INDEX.
503
Chatswcrth, Mary Queen of Scots re-
moved to, ii, 54 ; account of it in 1585,
257
Cheek, Henry, ii, 49. — Letter from him,
ii, 49
Cheek, John, ii, 121
Chelsham, John, ii, 198
Cheney, Mr. ii, 230
Chester, Colonel, ii, 61
Chester, Dean of, ii, 64
Chevalier, Monsieur le, i, 454
Chevers, ii, 40
Chimay, Prince of, ii, 59, 212
Chiplin, i, 374
Cholmondeley, Sir Hugh, i, 312
Churchyard, Thomas, the poet, account
of him, ii, 140. — Letters from him, ii,
140, 142, 145, 414
Clandeboy, i, 243
Clanricarde, Richard, Earl of, account of
him, i, 212, 244, 454, 455. — Letter
from him, i, 212
Clanricarde, Ulick de Burgh, third Earl
of.ii, 466, 471, 492.— Letter from him,
ii, 466
Clarke, Mr, ii, 159
Clarke, Bartholomew, ii, 278
Cleran, i, 219
Clergy, conduct of the, 156
Clerck, Henry, ii, 298
Clerke, Dr. of Cambridge, i, 446, 447,
448
Clifford, Sir Conyers, ii, 460, 472
Clifford, Sir R. wounded in a fray, ii,
482
Clinton, Edward Lord, account of him,
i, 28 n. ; Lord High Admiral, 34.—
Letters from him, i, 28, 42
Clinton, Lady, i, 50
Clopton, Thomas, letter to him, i, 239
Clyfton, Sir John, ii, 69
Coal Trade, i, 222, 478
Coast, defence of the, i, 162, 508
Cobham, Lord (William Brooke) sent
to the Netherlands to announce Eliza-
beth's succession, i, 1 ; ii, 94, 360,
424. — Letter from him, i, 1. — Letter
to him, ii, 310, 460
Cobham, Henry Lord, ii, 495
Cobham, Sir Henry, account of him, i,
378 ; ii, 28, 109. — Letters from him,
i, 378, 379
Cockburn, Captain, i, 428. — Letter from
him, i, 490
Cockburn, John, see Ormeston
Coffin, Mr. ii, 245
Coignac, battle of, i, 331
Coinage, reformation of the, i, 45
Colburne, Capt. ii, 78
Colburne, old, ii, 403
Coldenknowes, Laird of, ii, 226
Colles, David, ii, 330
Collingwood, Sir Cuthbert, ii, 15
Collins, Mr. ii, 331
CoUonna, Marc Anthony and Pompey,
shipwrecked, i, 317
Colonnas, some of the family imprisoned
by the Pope, i, 41
Collyne, Capt. i, 270
Colman, ii, 363
Cologne, wars of, ii, 213
Colshil, Mr. ii, 99, 159
Colston, Ralph, ii, 488, 489, 490
Columbell, Roger, letter of privy seal
to him, ii, 361
Colvil, J.ii, 197
Colvile, William, ii, 222
Comberford, Thomas, i, 458
Conde, Lewis Prince of, i, 102, 104,
119, 174, 305 ; his death, 313, 314
Conde, . . . Prince of,i, 494, 502, 514 ;
ii, 47, 137, 138
Coniers, John, i, 333
Conjurers, a plot of certain, i, 457, 458,
460, 461
Constable, Sir Robert, ii, 238, 426.—
Letters from him, ii, 283
Cooke, John, ii, 248
Cook, Mrs. of Gwidy Hall, ii, 67
Coole, William, ii, 249
Cope, Mr. ii, 208
Cople, Mr. ii, 241
Copley, Mr. ii, 5, 268
Copston, i, 465 ; ii, 69
Corbell, siege of, i, 116
Cordell, Edward, ii, 19
Corn, price of, i, 40
Cornelison, Adrian, ii, 348
Cornewall, Mr. i, 75
Cosse, Marshall, ii, 136
Cotton, i, 501 ; ii, 229
Cotton, Thomas, i, 435 ; ii, 132. — Let-
ter from him, 435
Cotton, Sir Robert, letters to him, ii,
493, 494
Council, letters to the, i, 226, 249 ; ii,
330, 399, 410, 420, 438.— Letters from
the, ii, 358, 374, 411
Courcelles, Mons. de, ii, 355
Coverd, Captain, ii, 410
Cowpland, a district of Cumberland, i,
133
504
INDEX.
Cowt, Mrs. ii, 87
Coxe, Mr. i, 503
Crabbe, ii, 246
Cragge, Thomas, ii, 219
Craio-millar. i, 269
Crawford, Earl of, i, 203, 368 ; ii, 215,
217, 221, 225, 264
Crawford, Countess of, i, 193
Creighton, Capt. ii, 218
Crispe, Sir Henry, i, 162
Croc, Mons. le, i, 55, 84, 251, 253, 414,
416, 430
Crop, Thomas, ii, 248
Crofts, ii, 171
Crofts, Sir James, account of him, i, 18 ;
made comptroller, 355 ; mentioned,
ii, 359. — Letters from him, i, 16, 18,
20
Croke, Robert, i, 420
Croker, ii,73
Croker, T. Crofton, old drinking pots in
his cabinet, ii, 124
Cross, Captain, ii, 419, 420, 421, 422
Crosse, William, ii, 249
Cruce, Santa, Marquess of, ii, 343, 350,
351, 352
Cumberland, Earl of, ii, 344, 385, 387,
401, 419, 420, 484, 495
Cumberland, Countess of, ii, 405
Cunningliam, Robert, ii, 196
Cure, Mr. ii, 247
Curie, of Edmonton, ii, 160, 161
Cusac, Baron, i,238
Cusack, of Dublin, ii, 37
Cusack, Sir Thomas, i, 88, 89
Dacre, Lord, i, 351, 392
Dacre, Anne, wife of Philip Earl of
Arundel, i, 408
Dacre, Elizabeth, wife of Lord William
Howard, i, 410
Dacre, Mary, wife of Lord Thomas
Howard, i, 410
Dacres, Leonard, i, 357, 368
Dale, Dr. i, 155, 449, 450, 451.— Let-
ters from him, i, 479, 494, 500, 510,
512
Dakins, Arthur, i, 144
Dalton, Mr. ii, 124
D'Amboise, Mons. Cleremont, ii, 584
D'Amtville, Mons. i, 71, 76,78, 80, 84,
107
Damsell, Sir William, ii, 62, 67, 69, 71,
88
D'Andelot, Mons. i, 1 16, 264
Daniel, Samuel, ii, 310
Daniel!, Audeley,ii, 213
Dan vers, Sir Henry, ii, 491, 492. — Let-
ter from him, ii, 490
D'Anville, i, 122, 510
Darington, Nicholas, i, 496
Darnley, Lord, one of the mourners for
the Emperor, i, 177 ; his marriage
with Mary Queen of Scots, 183, 186 ;
be is governed by the Lord Robert,
192, 197,199, 203
Darrell, Mr. ii, 307
D'Aubigny, see Lennox
D'Aumale, Duke, i, 71, 80,116,314;
ii, 139
D'Aussy, Mons- ii, 58
Davies discovers a plot, i, 10
Davies, John, ii, 207
Davis, ii, 4
Davis, Mr. i, 113
Davis, John, letter from him, ii, 493
Davis, John, the navigator, account of
him, ii, 263. — Letter from him, ih.
Davison, William, ii, 31,333; sent to
the Tower, 33^^. — Letters from him,
ii, 89, 188, 234, 284, 321
Davola, Marquess, i, 316
Day, John, the printer, i, 166 ; account
of him, 447 ; his new shop against St,
Paul's, 447, 448 ; attempt against his
life, 493
Dearing, Capt. Anthony, ii, 126
Dela, Damian, ii, 71
D'Elbeuf, Marquess, i, 71, 125
Deloney, 1 homas, ii, 463
Delves, Mr. reported to be slain in Ire-
land, i, 65 ; his band, 112
Delvin, Christ. INugent, ninth Baron of,
i, 244
Denmark, King of, his behaviour in the
affairs of the Netherlands, ii, 327 ; his
ambassador's demands, 485
Denny, Edward, ii, 147, 157
Denny, Henry, ii, 449
Dent, in Yorkshire, ii, 403, 404
Derby, Earl of, ii, 345, 359, 367, 385,
412. — Letter from him, ii, S56
Derby, Countess of, ii, 483
Derrick, his Image of Ireland quoted,
i, 90 n.
Desmond, Earl of, i, 86, 238, 244, 451,
452, 453, 454 ; ii, 26, 203, 467
Desmond, James of, ii. 111
Desmond, John of, ii, 120
D'Espernon, Mons. ii, 234, 424
INDEX.
505
D'Estr6es, Gabrielle, mistress of Henry
IV. of France, ii, 424
D'Etrapes, Mons. ii,335
Deux-Ponts, Duke of, i, 313, 314, 319
Devereux, George, ii, 43
Devil and his Dam, ii, 397
Diar, i, 170
Dieppe, receives English soldiers, i,
100
Diagetto, Ludovico da, ii, 5
Dillon, Mr. i, 365
Dillon, James, i^ 9i, 113
Dillon, Sir Robert, ii, 482
Dionysius, Bp. Parkhurst's opinion of
him, i, 165, 166
Dockwray, Mr. ii, 243
Dodington, Mr. i, 506
Doe, Richard, ii, 248
Dogs, presents of, i, 42, 89 ; killed in
London, 138, n.
D'Oisel, Mons. i, 26, 43, 62, 66 ; be-
sieged in Leith, 27.— Letter to him,
i, i?
Douglas, Archibald, i, 367, 484 ; ii,
217,258,301, 336. 447.— Letters to
him, ii, 305, 309, 315
Douglas, George, i, 226, 227, 234, 266,
267, 269, 296, 483
Douglas, James, see Morton.
Douglas, James, ii, 217
Douglas, James, Lord of Spott, ii, 447
Douglas, Peter, i, 47ij
Douglas, Richard, ii, 447
Dover, plot for the surprise of, i, 10
Dover Haven, reparation of, ii,130
Dowdall, Robert, i, 113
Dowdall, Justice, ii, 26
Downham,i, 157
Downing, Edmund, ii, 62
Doyly, Mr. ii, 63
Doyly, Sir Robert, ii, 63
Doyley, Thomas, taken by the Dun-
kirkers, ii, 266. — Letters from him, ii,
266, 270
Dragut, the Turkish admiral, i, 29
Drake, Sir Francis, account of him, ii,
115 ; knighted, 132, 134, 158, 233 n.
227, 301 ; misses the Spanish fleet,
304 ; sent against the Spaniards,
341 ; his successful expedition, 350,
369 ; his expedition to Portugal, 400 ;
mentioned, 420, 445. — Letters from
him, ii, 303, 372, 379, 380, 385, 389,
422, 445
Draper, Mr. ii, 21
Dreux, in Normandy, 34 ; battle of, 118
Drew, Serjeant, ii, 418
Driburgh, Abbot of, ii, 81
Drinking pots imported from Germany,
ii, 124, 125
Drumwhissel, Laird of, ii, 96
Drury, Sir Dm, i, 412; ii, 20
Drury, John, i, 491
Drury, Sir Robert, ii, 20
Drury, Sir William, employed in Scot-
land, i, 21 ; his marriage, 47 ; ac-
count of him, i, 266, 292, 412.— Let-
ters from him, i, 266, 268, 270, 294,
328, 329, 339, 344
Drysdale, John, i, 269
Ducket, Mr. i, 419
Ducket, Sir Lionel, i,478; ii, 62. — Let-
ter from him, i, 478
Dudley, Lord Robert, Earl of Leicester,
i, 36 ; violent death of his first wife,
46 ; chosen of the order of St. Mi-
chael, 157, 182 : his opinion of Sir
Thos. Smith's behaviour, 161 ; made
Earl of Leicester, 177 ; his proposed
marriage with Mary Queen of Scots,
179, 186, 187, 188; he furthers the
negotiations for Elizabeth's marriage
with the Archduke, 198, 208 ; in dis-
grace with the Queen, 206, 207 ; his
variance with the Earl of Sussex, &c.
208, 225 ; his hopes of marriage with
the Queen, 211 ; he is slandered, 374,
440 ; he builds at Kenilworth, 375,
496 ; ii, 1 ; accused of Essex's death,
35; he is in disgrace, 103; his quar-
rel with the Earl of Sussex, 144 ; he
goes to the Netherlands, 271 — 273, see
Netherlands. His second mission to
Holland, 339 ; mentioned, ii, 65, 134,
137, 139, 174, 185, 187, 211, 260,
340, 341,363, 364,370,388; his death,
S93. — Letters from him, i, 37, 171,
313; ii, 10, 11, 61, 101, 103, 271,
277—281,390, 391.— Letters to him,
i, 58,, 106, 186,199, 215, 385,513;
ii, 37, 83, 95, 114, 120, 125, 127,
149, 152, 177, 193, 266, 270, 274,
275, 281, 282, 284, 287, 289, 290,
295, 299, 306, 313, 316, 321, 323,
324, 332, 335, 342, 343, 344, 345,
347, 353, 354, 362, 365, 371, 378,
.384
Dudley, ii, 243
Dudley, Mr. i, 353 ; ii, 315
Dudley, Thomas, ii, 66
506
INDEX.
Duke, Sir Henry, ii, 470
Dumbarton, held by the DukeofCha-
telherault, i, 81
Dumfermling, Abbot of, i, 329, 384;
ii, 87 ; commendator of, i, 365, 366,
367 ; lord of, ii, 190
Dumlanerick, i, 233,340
Dunboyne, Edmond Lord,i, 238
Dundalk, bailifis of, their letter com-
plaining of O'Neil, 90, 112 ; the town
attacked by O'Neil, 243
Dunkirk, state of the town, ii, 268
Dunn, Mr. ii, 495
Dunnottar, castle of, i, 106
Dupin, Mons. 1,423
Durrhum, Richard, ii, 268
Dyer, Mr. i, 465 ; ii, 69
Dymmock, John, ii, 87
Edmonds, Sir Thomas, ii, 434 ; account
of him, 455
Edmonston, Captain, i, 490
Eglinton, Hugh Montgomery, second
Earl of, i, 17, 193, 203
Egmont, Count of, i, 152, 186 ; ii, 58
Elizabeth, Queen. — Refuses to hear
mass, and introduces the Protestant
religion, i, 4 ; receives offers of mar-
riage from King Philip, 7; makes a
progress to Portsmouth in 1560, 39 ;
the King of Sweden offers her mar-
riage, i, 40 ; her disinclination to
marriage, 67 ; on a progress in Essex
and Suffolk, ib. ; unwilling to marry,
80 ; refuses to name a successor, 130 ;
her kindness to the mother of N.
Pointz, 170 ; on a progress to Cam-
bridge, 175 ; her sickness, 181 ; in-
clined to marriage, 184 ; negotia-
tions for her marriage with the Arch-
duke of Austria, 198, 207, 211, 225,
265 ; opinions of her in Italy, 316,
318 ; the Pope's bull against her,
379; negotiations for her marriage
with the Duke of Anjou, 385 ; on a
progress in Essex, 393 ; on a progress
in Bedfordshire, 438, «.; libel on her,
440 ; proposal for her marriage with
the Duke of Alen^on, 449, 453 ; Eliza-
beth on her progress to Kenilworth,
ii, 10, 11 ; her diversions at Grafton,
12 ; still on her progress, 16 ; another
progress, 61; negotiations with the
Duke of Anjou, 99; the French com-
missioners come, 132, 133, 184 ; on a
progress, 236 ; a plot against her life,
279, 280; anniversary of her birth-
day, 309 ; her interview with her
council after the death of Mary Queen
of Scots, 332 ; her displeasure with
her council continues, 335 ; she visits
the camp at Tilbury, 390, 391 ; on a
progress to Portsmouth, 413 ; plot to
poison the Queen, 435 ; Elizabeth
slandered for her treaty with the
Turks, 446, 447 ; Burghley's praise
of her fingers, 453 ; her illness, 465 ;
her extempore answer to the Polish
ambassador, 479, 480 ; her visit to
Ruckholt, 482, 483 ; nurses Lord
Burghleyin his last illness, 488 ; the
Queen's death, 494. — Letters from
Queen Elizabeth, i, 8, 212, 246, 302,
365, 369, 387 ; ii, 151, 201, 254.—
Letters to Queen Elizabeth, i, 1, 9,
24, 30, 177, 259, 276, 396 ; ii, 56,
110, 180, 327, 355, 385
Elpbinston, Mr. i, 269. 272
Elton, the Queen's house, i, 145
Elveston, N. i, 256
Embden, Count of, ii, 279
Emerson, John, i, 400
Emperor, death of the, i, 175 ; exequies
of the, 177 ; the Emperor's opinion of
the Pope's bull against Elizabeth,
379
Englefield, Sir Francis, account of him,
i, 249, 378
English, the Spaniards despise them at
the beginning of Elizabeth's reign, i,
24
Enter, M'William, i, 244
Ernestus, the Archduke, ii, 435
Erskine, Alexander, ii, 222
Erskin, Arthur, i, 230
Erskin, Lord, i, 83, 204
Erskin, master of, i, 498
Essex, Walter Devereux, Earl of, pre-
pares for an expedition to Ireland, i,
481,496 ; his conflict with Sarleboy,
ii, 17 ; his conduct in Ireland, 25, 26 ;
returns to England, 27 ; his second
expedition, 30 ; his death, 34, 35,36;
burial, 43. — Letters from him, i, 484
Essex, Robert Devereux, Earl of, ii, 43 ;
description of him while young, 44 ;
his reception at Cambridge, 55 ; men-
tioned, 345, 346 ; in the expedition
to Portugal, 400, 411, 415, 459, 460 ;
made Lord High Marshall, 466 ; 473,
475. — Letters from him, ii, 55, 344,
461. — Letter to him, ii, 477
INDEX.
507
Etheridge, William, ii, 249
Evers, Lord, i, 223, 339 ; bis death, ii,
431
Exeter, Mavor of, letters from, ii, 329,
330
Exmouth, i, 215
Fairfax, Sir Nicholas, i, 273, 275
Fairfax, Nicholas, son of Sir Nicholas,
i, 335
Fairfax, Sir William, i, 273
Fairnyherst, Lord of, i, 297, 300, 342,
344, 352, 482 ; ii, 262, 284
Falcons, see Hawks
Fane, Sir Thomas, ii, 51, 52
Fanshaw Mr. ii, 20, 159
Faruham, i, 136
Farnham, Royal, stewardship of, 68
Fasts to encourage the fishery, i, 126
Fairfax, Mr. ii, 88
Fectnume, ii, 207
Fench, Oliver Oge, letter from him, ii,
647
Fenix, Mr. of Kent, ii, 20
Fenton, Capt. his voyage, ii, 203
Fenton, Sir Geoffrey, ii, 458
Fentry, ii, 253
Fenwick, Mr. of Stanton, ii, 15, 33
Feria, Count or Duke de, his opinion of
the state of England, on the accession
of Elizabeth, i, 7 ; his boasts, 248,
249
Feria, Countess of, i, 249, 391, 392
Ferrara, Cardinal of, i, 104, 105
Ferris, Richard, ii, 421, 422
Fervaques, Mons. de, ii, 181
Fetyplace, i, 169
Fews, the, i, 112
Finch, Sir Thomas, i, 127; drow^ned, 133
Finland, John Duke of, comes to Eng-
land, i, 40
Fisher, Mr. ii, 19, 21, 88
Fitton, Sir Edward, of Gawsworth, ac-
count of him, i, 312 ; his severe go-
vernment in Ireland, 455
Fitton, Sir Edward, son of the above, ii,
386, 484. — Letter from him, ii, 386
Fitzgerald, Lord,ii, 229, 230
Fitzharbord, ii, 207
Fitzmorris, Lord, i, 244
Fitzmorris, James, ii, 86
Fitzwilliam, ii, 17
Fitzwilliams, Mr. i, 379
Fitzwilliams, John, i,243
Fitzwilliams,Sir William, account of him,
i, 3,n,70, 361, 25, 27, 32 ; ii, 436. —
Letter from him, i, 3
Fitzwilliams, Lady, ii, 103
Flanders, a country rich only by its in-
dustry, i, 9
Flanders, treaty of trade with, i, 178,
186, 199; trade with, 314
Fleming, Lord, i, 204, 220, 267, 270,
294, 295, 341 ; ii, 492
Fleming, Lady, i, 77
Fleming, Mr. of Lincoln's Inn, ii, 418
Fletewood, William, the recorder, ac-
count of him, ii, 17; his trouble about
the Portuguese ambassador, 37—43 ;
complains of his office, 171. — Letters
from him, ii, 17, 37, 41, 42, 62, 66,
70, 72, 86, 97, 159, 161, 164,169,
171, 173, 204, 226, 240, 243, 245,
291, 308, 417
Fletewood, William, cousin of the re-
corder, ii, 69
Flood, Sir Thomas, ii, 460
Florence, Duke of, i, 319; ii, 118
Florida, discovery of, i, 153
Flowerdew, Mr. i, 48
Flowerden, Mr. ii, 186
Floyon, Monsieur de, ii, 58
Flushing, tumult at, ii, 348, 349
Flyske, parson of, i, 229, 232, 233
Forster, Sir John, i, 297, account of
him, 298, 485, 490 ; ii, 2, 13, 14, 15,
22, 196.— Letters from him, i, 298,
300.— Letters to him, i, 297
Fortescue, Anthonv, arraigned, i, 121,
127,129
Fortz, M. de, i, 103
Foster, Christopher, ii, 207
Foule, Mr. i, 164
Fowler, Mr. ii, 63
Fox, John, the martyrologist, account of
him, i, 164; loves hunting, 166; ac-
count of him, i, 325, n. — Letter from
him, i, 324 — Letter to him, i, 164
France,
Henry II. 1547 — 1559. Negotiations
for peace with France on Elizabeth's
accession, i, 2, 3 ; beginning of
the religious troubles, 31, 33
Francis II. 1559, 1560. His death,
i, 51
Charles IX. 1560—1574. Religious
troubles, i, 79, 94—96, 102—105,
116; battle of Dreux, 118; the Ad-
miral leads the Protestants after the
death of Conde, 121 ; the religious
troubles continue, 122, 125, 131 ;
peace made at Orleans, 132 ; ne-
gotiations for peace with England,
160, 171 ; peace proclaimed, 172,
508
INDEX.
184; the third civil war, 304— 307,
313, 314 ; battle of Coignac, 313 ;
movements of the armies, 320; siege
of Poitiers, 323 ; Charles IX, marries
a daughter of the Emperor, 375,
380 ; t!ie suspicions and fears of
the Protestants, 426, 427 ; massacre
of St. Bartholomew, 448, 440, 443 ;
siege of Rochel, 479 ; movements
of the Protestants in 1573, 494.
Henry III. 1574 to 1589.— The King
on his return from Poland, i, 502,
503, 504, 510, 511 ; marriage of
the King, ii, 5 ; a truce, 29 ; the
breaking out of the sixth civil
war, 47 ; cruel faithlessness of the
Catholic Generals, 109 ; the Pro-
testants send a deputation to Eng-
land, 137—139 ; death of the Duke
of Anjou, 237 ; strength of the two
parties in France after his death,
238—240 ; the King leans towards
the Protestants, 261 ; conduct of
the League, 335; the King of Na-
varre raises the Protestants, 347 ;
behaviour of the French on report
of the Spanish armada, 369 ; mur-
der of the Duke of Guise, 394 ;
murder of Henry III. 402.
Henry IV. 1589— 1610.— The King
of Navarre is acknowledged by the
armv before Paris, as Henry IV.
ii, 402 ; he receives aid from Eliza-
beth, 410, 411 ; Sir John Norris in
France, 429 ; Henry embraces the
Catholic faith, 431 n; he enters
Paris, 431 ; Rouen delivered, 432 ;
Elizabeth's letter to the French
King, 439; war with Spain, 453;
455, 457 ; Calais besieged by the
Spaniards, 459, 460 ; the King
aided with money from Elizabeth,
474; siege of Amiens, 476
Frays in London, ii, 19, 205, 227—331
Frazin, Monsieur de, ii, 59
Fravell, i, 357
Frobisher, Martin, engaged in the coal-
trade, i, 222, n ; -account of him,472, n ;
concerned in a plot, 472 — 474 ; com-
mands against the Spaniards, ii, 369,
419, 422.— Letter from him,ii, 420
Fulham, the bishop's garden there, i, 164
Gaffes, i, 345
Galtrope, Thomas, ii, 207
Galwiiv, Mayor of, letter from him, ii,
467'
Gand, Viscount of, ii, 90
Gardiner, Mr. ii, 292
Gardiner, Sir Robert, i, 239. — Letters to
him, ii, 469, 471
Gargrave, Sir Thomas, account of him,
i, 276. — Letter from him, 432
Garrett, Mr. i, 492
Gascoigne, Richard, i, 222, 223
Gaymer, Henry, ii, 311
Gazette, origin of the name, i, 324, n.
Geraldi, Francis, i, 467 ; ii, 38, 40, 41,
42, 42, 88
Gerrard, Mr. i, 373
Gerrard, Mrs. ii, 63
Gerrard, Sir Thomas, ii, 205
Gertruydenberg, loss of, ii, 399
Gesner, Conrad, the naturalist, i, 165,
166
Gheselius, St. Abbot of, ii, 45
Gilbert, Sir Humphrey, i, 424, 425, 435,
437
Gilbert, Sir John, ii, 28
Gilbert, Michael, ii, 219
Gilpin, Mr. ii, 448
Glamis, Master of, i, 490 ; ii, 218, 219,
222, 223, 264, 301
Glencairu, Alexander fifth Earl of, i, 16,
51, 115, 203, 231,258,491,499; ii,
215,220, 264
Glynston, Nicholas, ii,78
Goade, Dr. i, 464
Goddard, ii, 160
Godolphin, i, 503
Godolphin, Sir William, ii, 492
Gomez, Ruy, Prince of Eboli, account of
him, i, 3, n. 57
Gordon, Lord, i, 114
Gordon, Adam, i, 491
Gordon, Lord George, i, 17
Gordon, Lord John, i, 106, 108
Gorge, Mr. i, 492
Gorge, Nicholas, ii, 295, 321, 324, 325
Gosfield in Essex, i, 71
Goshawks, presents of, i, 42, 89, 90, n.
see Hawks.
Gouden, Monsieur, ii, 402
Gowry, Earl of, ii, 197, 198, 199, 217,
218, 223, 226
Gowry, Countess of, ii, 223
Grac, Piers, i, 238
Graeme, IMaster of, i, 341
Grafton, the historian, i, 429
Grafton, the Queen's house, i, 114
Grainge, Laird of, see Kirkaldy
Granvelle, Cardinal, Bishop of Arras, i,
2, 6 ; his conversation with Chaloner
concerning Queen Elizabeth, 23; his
INDEX.
509
devices with Lethington, 192 ; his
policy, 435; ii, 45. 117
Gravendale, monaster j of, i, 2
Gray, of Newcastle, i, 344
Gray, James, i, 109
Gray, Master of, ii, 236, 253, 265, 283,
301.— Letters from him, ii, 309, 315
Green, i, 444, 445
Green, Mr. ii, 243
Greene, Sir Richard, ii, 492
Gresham, Sir Thomas, account of, i, 9 n,
n^, 62,71, 88
Grey, Lord John, i, 173, 174 ; his death,
179
Grey, William, Lord, of Wilton, com-
mands the Eng-lish forces at the siege
of Leith, i, 28
Grey, Lord Arthur, of Wilton, i,443 ; in-
vited to take the lieutenancy of Ireland,
445 ; sent to Ireland, ii, 110 ; goes to
Ireland again, 140; proposed to be
sent to Holland, 332, 335. — Letters
from him, i, 443 ; ii, 110, 147
Grey, Lady Catherine, plot of the
Spaniards, to carry her out of Eng-
land, i, 7, 8 ; her secret marriage and
pregnancy discovered, 69; committed
to the Tower, ib. ; she is again with
cliild while in confinement, 129,
130 ; still in confinement, 137, 184 ;
her furniture in the Tower described,
140, 141 ; her title to the crown, 173,
174
Grey, Lady Mary, her secret marriage,
207
Griffin, Tom, ii, 450
Grise, Henry, ii, 227
Grivel, Mr. ii, 193
Gryse, Mr., i, 48
Gualter, Mr. ii, 202
Guicciardini, Lorenzo, ii, 49
Guicciardini, Ludovico, ii, 118
Guicciardini, Vincenzo, ii, 49
Guise, Duke of, i, 25 ; is hurt, 125, 502 ;
ii, 47, 195,210, 214, 235, 384 ; he is
murdered, 394. — Letter to him, i, 25
Gunter, Mr. ii, 173
Gwarras, Anthony, ii, 39, 40, 70, 71
Haddon, Walter, account of him, i, 128 ;
his book against Osorius, 161, 172 ; a
commission to treat with the Spaniards,
186
Hales, John, his book on the Succession,
i, 172, 137, 174, 179, 185
Hall, ii, 242 ; i, 221
Hall the historian, i, 429
Hall, Ellis, ii, 72
Halley, Mr. ii, 242
Hallowes, Wilfred, ii, 249
Hamilton, James, Earl of Arran and
Duke of Chatelherault, account of
him, i, 16 n. ; enters Scotland se-
cretly, under the name of Beaufort,
18 ; he is in favour with Queen Mary,
81 ; opposed to the Queen, 193, 194,
206 ; he solicits from the French
King aid against the Lords, 259 — 261,
280, 293 ; imprisoned, 314, 344, 482
Hamilton, James, Lord Arran, son of the
Duke, i, 78, 82; his conduct, 83
Hamilton, T ord, ii, 264
Hamilton, Claude, i. 398 ; Lord, 499
Hamilton, Lord David, i, 16
Hamilton, Sir James, i, 270 ; ii, 219
Hamilton, Mr. James, i, 482
Hamilton, Mr. John, i, 376, 470; Lord,
i, 499
Hammer, Meridith, ii, 241
Hammond, Dr. ii, 123
Hampshire, a conspiracy there dis-
covered, ii, 294,296—299
Hampton, B. letter from, i, 36
Harcott, Capt. ii, 400
Harcourt, Sir Simon, ii, 63
Harding, Margaret, ii, 170
Harding, William, ii, 249
Harfleur, taken by the English, i, 119
Harratt, ii, 65
Harrington, Sir Henry, ii, 127
Harris, Mr. ii, 164, 184, 185, 241
Harrison, i, 493
Harwich, account of the harbour of, ii,
360
Haselby, i, 472
Hastings, Lord, of Loughborough, i,
127
Hastings, Sir Edward, i, 464
Hastings, John, i, 185
Hatchet, Mr. ii, 188
Hate, Edward, ii, 331
Hatfield, the Queen's house there, i, 144
Hatton, Sir Christopher, i, 440, 466, 492 ;
ii, 28, 69, 345, 359, 380.— Letters from
him, ii, 98, 106. — Letters to him, ii,
93, 99, 100, 123, 140, 142, 144, 145,
147, 157, 162, 163, 188, 193, 385,
450
Havre, see Newhaven
Havrec, Marquess of, ii, 45, 59 ; his visit
to London, 70
Hawick town burnt, i, 205
Hawks, see Goshawks. Gifts of hawks
and falcons, i, 321 ; ii,65, 92
510
INDEX.
Hawkins, Sir John, i, 452 ; account of
him, 492. — Letters from him, ii, 158,
231,445
Hawkins, Capt. ii, 178
Hawkins, Dr. letter to, ii, 466
Hayes, Capt. de, i, 122
Hayes, Mr. i, 197
Haynes, Stephen, ii, 199
Hays, Lewis de, ii, 86
Hayward, Sir Rowland, i, 487, 509 ; ii,
18, 58,173,186,246, 308
Hayward, Mr. ii, 64
Hector, Dr. ii, 110
Helraan, John Baptista, ii, 310
Heneage, Sir Thomas, i, 209, 355; ii,
19,20, 285, 286, 287, 345, 359; his
death, 453 — Letters from him, ii, 378,
409
Henry, Mr. ii,230
Herbert, Lord, i, 177
Herbert, John, ii, 215
Herbert, Sir Edward, ii, 470
Herbet, Mr. ii, 354
Herington, Mr. i, 340, 399
Herle, William, i, 423, 474.— Letters
from him, i, 423, 471 ; ii, 345. — Let-
ters to him, ii, 130, 133, 208
Hermingham, Mr. ii, 186
Heron, Sir George, i, 297; slain, ii,
15
Heron, Sir William, ii, 23
Herries, Lord, his character, i, 276, 280 ;
his intrigues, 292, 295 ; imprisoned,
314,344,413; ii, 368
Hertford, Edward Seymour, Earl of, his
marriage with Lady Katherine Grey,
i, 129, 173 ; in confinement, 137,
174, 180, 184 ; ii, 495, 340
Hervy, Lord, i, 466
Heydon, Sir Christopher, i, 372, 405
Heywood, ii, 6
Haze, Mons. de, ii, 58
Hichins, Thomas, ii, 248
Hickes, Michael, account of him, ii,
366. — Letter to him, ii, 366, 402,413,
414, 435, 448, 474, 481, 482, 488,
489
Hickes, Baptist, account of, ii, 414, 489
Hickford,i, 407
Higham, ii, 243
Hobby, Sir Edward, ii, 476
Hobby, Sir Thomas, account of him, i,
211 ; sent to France, 224, 235
Hobby, William, letter from him, ii, 397
Hobert, i, 372
Hochstrat, Count of, ii, 59 |
Hoddesdon, Christopher, letters from
him, ii, 114, 156
Hogan, Edmond, ii, 56
Hoggin, Mr. i, 7
Holcroft, Mr. ii, 187, 247
Holden, William, ii, 248
Holdenby, description of, ii, 98, 99
Hollack, Count of, ii, 60, 114, 115, 279,
362, 363
Hollowciy, Francis, ii, 249
Holstock, Mr. i, 462
Holt, William, the Jesuit, ii, 189,190,
235, 369
Honning, William, letters from, i, 38,
43
Horsey, Mr. ii, 69
Horsey, Capt. i, 120
Hosius, his books, i, 157
Houses of the Queen, i, 144
Houses, for harbouring rogues, ii, 249,
250 ; suspected of harbouring pa-
pists, 249, n.
Howard, of Effingham, William Lord,
sent to negotiate a peace with France,
i, 1, n. ; Lord Chamberlain, 4 ; i, 443,
ii, 207. — Letters from him, i, 443
Howard of Effingham, Lord Charles,
account of him, ii, 275, 358, 359,
378, 379, 380, 381, 384, 385, 387,
388, 412, 459.— Letters from him, ii,
275, 357, 359, 369
Howard, Lord Thomas, i, 405, 408, 411 ;
ii, 495
Howard, Lord Philip, see Arundel
Howard, Lord William, i, 405, 410
Howard, Lady Margaret, i, 409
Howard, Mr.ii, 330
Howell, Henry, ii, 249
Howse, Thomas, ii, 249
Huband, Mr. letter from, ii, 130
Hubard, Sir John.ii, 63
Hudson, Mr. ii, 267
Hume, Lord, i, 35, 75, 76, 192, 252,
271, 328, 342, 351 ; ii, 225, 264
Hume, Lady, i, 482 ; ii, 219
Humphreys, Dr. Lawrence, i, 165, 167
Hungate, William, i, 273
Hunsdon, Henry Carey, Earl of, i, 172,
177, 209; account of him, 298, 320,
356, 445 ; ii, 65, 174, 229, 345, 412.—
Letters from him, ii, 21, 91, 355. —
Letter to him, i, 343 ; ii, 225
Hunsdon, Lady, i, 356
Huntingdon, Henry Hastings, 3rd Earl
of, i, 177 ; account of him, 310, 490;
ii, 21, 191— Letters from him, i, 489 ;
ii, 368, 370, 373, 431
INDEX.
511
Huntley, George, fourth Earl of, i, 17,
34, 74, 77 ; his death, 105, 106
Huntley, George, fifth Earl of, i, 220,
229, 231, 254, 258, 263, 269, 294,
295, 341, 351, 367, 368, 371, 376,
431, 469, 483, 491, 500
Huntley, George, sixth Earl of, ii, 219,
225, 447
Hurte, Maurice, i, 441
Huse, Thomas, ii, 249
Hyde, ii, 170
Imokelly, Seneschal of, ii, 127
Influenza in Scotland in 1562, i, 113
Ingleby, Davy, ii, 369
Ipswich, victual conveyed secretly
thence, i, 10
Ireland. — Working of the mines there,
i, 10
Earl of Sussex, Lord Deputy, 1559 to
1564 — the signet, &c. sent over to
him, i, 37 ; his return to England, 60,
n. ; Shane O'Neil's rebellion in
1566, 60, 61 ; a nevs-- rebellion of
Shane, 63; robes and coronets sent
over, 64 ; the English force attacked
in Orgiall, 68 ; reinforcements sent
to Ireland, 70; Shane's progress,
79 ; Shane accorded, 86 ; Shane's
submission, 87 ; new rebellion by
him, 100, 102, 110, 111 ; Dundalk
threatened, 112 ; Sussexrecalled,171
Sir Henry Sydney, 1565 to 1571, — i,198,
210, 225 ; Shane defeats the Scots,
198 ; Shane's last rebellion, 213,
225, 237, 238, 240, 243, 244 ; Sir
H. Sydney's description of the
miserable state of Ireland, 244, n. ;
repression of the rebellion of the
Butlers, 321
SirWilliam FitziciUiams, 1571 to 157 5^ —
Earl of Thomond's rebellion, i, 390 ;
Earl of Desmond and his brother
pardoned and set at liberty, i, 456 ;
Sir T.Smith's colony of the Ardes,
463, 465, 466 ; Queen Elizabeth's
opinion of Ireland, 485 ; Earl of
Essex in Ireland, 496
Sir Henry Sydney, 1575 to 1578— the
Queen's irresolution in Irish mat-
ters, ii, 1 ; the Earl of Essex in
Ireland, 17, 25 ; his conduct, 26,
27 ; the deputy's progress, ib. ; the
Queen's dislike of the Earl's expe-
dition, 29, 30 ; death of the Earl of
Essex, 34, 35 ;"astir inConnaught,36
Sir W. Pelham, 1579— 1580,— Youg-
hall burnt by the Earl of Desmond,
ii, 105
Lord Grey of Wilton, 1580—1583.—
The Spaniards send an expedition to
Ireland, ii, 105 — 108; state of Ire-
land on the arrival of Lord Grey,
110 — 112; Baltinglas's rebellion,
119; arrival of the Spaniards, and
siege ofSmerwick, 120 — 122; tu-
mults in various parts, 126, 127 ;
peace with Tirlough Lennogh, 147 ;
Raleigh's character of Ireland, ii,
149,150—152 ; Desmond's rebellion
reduced, 203
Sir John Perrot, 1584— 1588.— State
of Ireland, ii, 290 ; planting of Mun-
ster, 301 ; Sir Richard Bingham
gains a great victory over the Irish
Scots, 321
Sir W. Fitzwilliams, 1588—1594. —
Great expenses of the Irish service,
ii, 428
SirWilliam Russell, 1594— 1597.— Ty-
rone's rebellion, ii, 436 ; rebellion
in Ulster, 438 ; bad management of
the treasury, 440; Tyrone again in
rebellion, 444 ; Sir John Norris'
encounter with the Earl of Tyrone,
449 ; Armagh victualled, 450 ; the
Earl defeated, 451 ; money sent,
454 ; disagreement between Sir
John Norris and the Lord Deputy,
455,456; the Lord Deputy hinders
letters to Lord Burghley and Sir
Robert Cecil, 458 ; estimate of the
expenses of Ireland, 464 ; troubles
of Ireland in the beginning of
1596, 466—473
Lord Broiigh, 1597. — Tyrone's rebel-
lion in, ii, 1597, 484.
Lord Montjoy, 1600-1603.— Spaniards
arrive in Ireland, and battle of Kin-
sale, ii, 490— 493
Ivy, Anne, i, 420
Jacksley, Capt. i, 329
Jackson, Mr. ii, 490
Jackson, William, ii, 248
James Stuart, King of Scotland — see
Scotland — letter to him, ii, 254
Janli, i, 426, 427
Jefeston, Nicholes, i, 268
Jefferies, Mr. ii, 68
Jenye, Mr. a letter from him, i, 255
Jeremy, i, 378
John, Don, of Austria, ii, 45, 58, 59, 60,
65 ; his death, 92
512
INDEX.
Johnson, , ii, 249
Johnson, Mrs. ii, 50
Johnston, i, 340
Jones, Mr. i, 31, 56
Jones, George, ii, 248
Jones, Nicholas, ii, 249
Jukes, ii, 290
Julian, Mistress, ii,24
Junius, ii, 117, 119
Jylls, Bess, i, 418
Kantire, Mole of, i, 79
Kattericke, Anthony, i, 335
Keeper, the Lord, ii, 18, 19
Kelsing, Miles, ii, 197
Kempe, Mr. ii, 197,268
Kempe, Sir Thomas, ii, 20
Kenelle, Mons. ii, 342
Kerrs, of Fairnyhirst, noted thieves, i, 35
Kerr, Henry, ii, 195
Kete, William, i, 374
Kildare, Gerald Fitzgerald, 11th Earl of,
i, 66, 71, 238 ; ii, 27, his death, 482
Killigrew, Sir Henry, i, 103, 116, 412;
ambassador in Scotland, 444,454, 460,
508 ; ii, 387, 445. — Letters from him,
i, 468, 481, 498.— Letters to him, i,
490
Kilsith, Earl of, ii, 198
Kilwinny, Lord, i, 195
Kimpton, Sheriff, ii, 37, 38, 39, 97
King, Mr. i, 4'^6
King, Allayn, letter from him, i, 350
King, John, ii, 471, 472
Kingessmele, ii, 212
Kingston, the freeholders of, i, 4
Kirby, John, ii, 88
Kirkby, i, 378
Kirkham, ii, 418
Kirkaldy, Sir James, Laird of Grainge,
reported to be hurt in a skirmish with
the French, i, 17 ; governor of Edin-
burgh Castle, 270 ; unfriendly to the
Regent, 328, 3'i9, 341, 342, 351, 377,
401
Kirkaldy, Mr. James, i, 430, 461, 470
Kirkham, William, ii, 331
Kirrie, i, 464
Kittagh, M' Walter, ii, 466, 467
Knell, ii, 36
Kniveton, ii, 55, 185
Knollys, Sir Francis, account of him, i,
272, 297, 308, 359.— Letters from him,
i, 272, 276, 280, 282, 283, 284, 286,
287, 289, 291, 496 ; ii, 74, 153,417.—
Letters to him, ii, 13
Knollys, Lady, her death, i, 308, 315
Knollys, Henry, i, 96, 185, 308, 310,
311, 312
Knollys, William, i, 301
Knox, John, his return to Scotland, i,
12 ; his proceedings, 14 ; his mother,
15; his description of the great seal,
20 ; his interview with Mary Queen
of Scots, 72, 73; his character, 77,
114 ; his history of Scotland, 429; h' ••
death, ib. n. — Letter from, i, 12
La Brosse, i, 25, employed in Scotland,
26, 42.— Letter from him,i, 25
La Chappelle des Oursins, Mons. i. S64
La Ferte, Mons. de,ii, 181
La Fontaine, Mons. de, ii, 235
La Haye, Mons. i, 117
Lakins, Thomas, i, 148
Lakyn, Rowland, i, 457
Lalaing, Mons. de, ii, 59
Lamb,'Mr.ii, 393
Lambert, i, 335
Landores, i, 229
Lane, Sir Robert, ii, 170
Langley, the Queen's house there, i, 144
Langsyde, battle of, i, 271, 272
Languet, ii, 117
La Noue, Mons. ii, 128
Lantkercke, Count of, ii, 58
Lanyson, Mr. ii, 308
La Roisseliere, Mons. de, ii, 181
Lascelles, Christopher, i, 289
Latimer, Lord, i, 348, 339
Laurence, Don, i,392
L'Avernie, Mons. de, ii, 181
Layne, Mr.ii, 241
Lea, river, riot on the, ii, 159
Leache, i, 135
Leache, John, letter from him, i, 553
Leake, Mr. ii, 159
Leamounte, Mons. de, i, 271
Ledsham, ii, 66
Lee, Sir Henry, ii, 230
Lee, Sir Richard, i, 105
Lee, Sir Thomas, ii, 71
Lees, in Essex, i, 393
Leicester, Earl of, see Dudley.
Leiege, Mons. de, ii, 58
Leigh, Henry, ii, 269
Leighton, i, 103
Leighton, Sir Thomas, ii, 187, 378.—
Letters from him, ii, 342, 353
Leith, held by the French ; its strength,
i, 21 ; besieged by the English and
Scots, 27 ; hard pressed, 29, 33
Lennox, Earl of, i, 82, 187, 192, 193,
195, 220, 234, 367 ; slain, 393, 398
Lennox, Lady, committed to custody, i,
197 ; mentioned, 393
Lennox, Esme Stuart Earl of (D'Au-
INDEX.
513
bigny)ii, 96, 97, 131, 132, 134,195,
196, 198, 199
Lennough, Tirlough, ii, 34, 111, 119,
1!^6, 147 -
Leryman, John, ii, 249
Lesley, parson of Ovne, i, 229
Lesley, William, i, 267
L'Espernon, Mons.ii, 237
Le Strange, Thomas, ii. 127
Lethington, Lord of, i, 51,62,72, 73,
74, 80, 83, 84,85, 108, 114, 179, 187,
187, 191, 197, 229, 230, 232, 233;
joined with the lords against Mary,
252, 253, 262, 264, 270, 278 ; jealous
of Morton, 328, 329, 340,342, 343,
244, 345, 362, 364, 369, 370, 371,
376, 377 ; he holds Edinburgh castle
with Grange against the regent, 380,
382, 430; his death, 481. — Letters
from him, i, 362,430
Lethington. Lady, i, 482
Lev^enson, Mr. ii, 185, 186
Leveret, Mr. i, 455
Leveret Robert, ii, 249
Leveson, Lord, i, 83, 220
Leveston, Lady, i. 77
Levingston, Lord, i, 311, 369, 370, 376,
395,499; ii, 82
Levingston, Master of, ii, 195, 264
Levingston, Lady, i, 395
Lewis, Dr. i, 19, 20,69, 186, 231
Lexden, in Essex, i, 45
Libellous writings, ii, 123
Light, Mr. ii. 184, 185
Limoges, Bishop of, French ambassador
in Spain, i, 53
Lincoln, Earl of, ii, 338, 418
Lindsay, Lord, i, 220, 227,228, 233, 269,
376, '380 ; ii, 223, 226
Linerolles, Mons. de, i, 263, 264
Lloyd, ii, 68
Loader, i, 2"'0
Lochinvar, Laird of, i, 384
Locker, George, ii, 302
Lodowick, Count, i, g93, 436
L'Ombre, Mons. de, i, 480
London, reported to be on fire, ii, 330,
331
Loos, Andreas de, ii, 354
Lorraine, Cardinal of, i, 25, 33, 217,
219, 262, 288, 307,— Letter to him,
i, 25
Lochleven, Lord of, i, 269, 381
Louiston, John, i, 296
Love, the Family of, ii, 153
Loveless, Mr. ii, 432
Lowe, i, 345
VOL. II.
Lowe, Alderman, ii, 450, 481, 488, 489
490
Ludham, i, 165
Lumley, Lord, i, 177, 223 ; ii, 345
Lyons, Capt. i, 121
Macconnel, James, a chieftain of the
Scottish islanders, i, 71, 78 ; defeated,
by Shane O'Neil, 198 ; allies himself
with Shane, 218 ; offers to take the
Isle of Man, ii, 217, 236
Macconnel, Otho, i, 78
M'Dermod, i, 213 ; ii, 468
M'Feigh, Lord of Muskerry, ii, 111
M'Gaule,ii, 127
M'Genes, i, 113
Macguire, ii, 438
Macguire, Shane, account of him, i, 88 ;
his troubles by O'Neil's followers, 89,
93,100—102, 110, 111,237, 243.—
Letters from him, i, 88, 93, 100, 110
M'Hugh, Feigh, ii, 438, 445, 452, 471
Maclane, i, 78
Macmahon.i, 91,92, 112
Mecneil, NeilOge, i, 92
MacOwelin,i, 111
M'William, ii, 467, 468
Maguile, James, i, 267
Maieieth, Duke of, i, 11
Maitland, Sir John, Secretary to King
James, i, 368 ; ii, 283
Malby, Capt. i, 466, 481 ; ii, 30
Malby, Sir Nicholas, ii. 111
Man, Mr. Dean of Gloucester, account of
him, i, 247.— Letters from him, i, 247,
249
Man, Isle of, ii, 217
Manethe,Thos.i, 9
Mannering, the robber, ii, 292
Manners, John, ii, 362
Manners, Roger, i, 355
Manningville, the French ambassador ia
Scotland, ii, 190, 195, 196, 197, 198
Mansfield, Count, ii, 59
Mansfield, Volardus van, i, 306
Marino, Julio, ii, 310
Marischal, William, fourth Earl of, i, 34 ;
ii, 264
Marocco, Queen Elizabeth's embassy to,
ii, 56, 57 ; battle of Alcazar, 85, 92
Marr, John Erskine, Earl of, i, 204, 258,
367, 376 ; made regent of Scotland,
398 ; ii, 81, 218, 219, 222, 253, 261
Marr, Countess of, i, 498
Marriage, a clandestine, ii, 20 j a forced
marriage, 205, 206
Marsham, i, 374
L L
514
INDEX.
Marshe, Count de la,ii, 181
Marston, William, ii, 331
Martchant, Captain, ii,421
Martiques, Count, i, 43, 260, 264
Martin, Nicholas, ii, 329, 331
Martin, Sheriff, ii, 161, 173, 219, n.
Mary, Queen of England, her war with
France, i. 1
Mary of Guise, Queen Dowager of Scot-
land. See Scotland. — Letter from her,
i, 27.
Mauy Queen of Scots. Her behaviour
after the death of her husband Francis
II., i, 58 ; she prepares to return to
Scotland, 62 ; refused a passage
through England, 67 ; returns to Scot-
land, 69, 71 ; pageants in Scotland at
her reception, 73, 74; she follows
French counsels, 78 ; her professions of
friendship for Elizabeth, 84 ; proposed
interview between her and Elizabeth,
97; makes a progress in the north of
Scotland, 98; a marriage proposed be-
tween her and Leicester, 179, 183, 186;
rumours of her marriage with Darn-
ley, 197; account of her marriage with
Darnley, 199 — 203 ; reported to be
with child, 217; she is imprisoned in
Lochleven, 250 — 266 ; she attempts to
escape, 267 ; desires to marrv Georga
Douglas, '266 ; escapes from Lochle-
ven, 268 ; arrives at Carlisle, 272,
273; Scrope and KnoUys visit her
there, 277; uncertainty of the English
government as to what measures to
take with her, 279; Knollys' charac-
ter of her, 280, and her designs, 282,
286, 293 ; diversions of her attendants,
283 ; she refuses to acknowlege Mur-
ray as regent, 284, 285 ; removed to
Bolton Castle, 287 — 289 ; project to
rescue her, 297 ; a commission to
examine her cause, and Elizabeth's
letter to her, 302 ; she is taken to
Tutbury Castle, 307 ; Nicholas White's
interview with her, 308 — 311 ; she
proposes to marry the Duke of Nor-
folk, 323 — 327; concerned in Norfolk's
plot, and put under further restraint,
394 — 397 ; the Bishop of Ross's charac-
ter of her, 339, n. ; her sickness, 401 ;
proposal to cut off her head, 439, 440,
n. ; a plot to release her, 457 ; removed
to Chatsworth, ii, 54; she carries on
intrigues in Scotland, 195, 196 ; mea-
sures for her liberation, 200 ; stopped
by the discovery of her intrigues^
209 ; she is accused of having a child
by the Earl of Shrewsbury, 241; her
desire to move from Tutbury, 256,
257 ; discovery of Babington's conspi-
racy, 306, 307, 309, 310, 313, 314 ;
she is removed to Fotheringhay, 307 ;
her trial, 314, 319, 320, 323 ; sentence
pronounced on her, 326 ; rumours of
her escape, and of London being set
on fire, 329 — 332; her execution,
332, 333.— Letters from Mary, i, 383.
— Letters to Mary, i, 302, 430 ; ii,
209
Mason, Mr. i, 109, 174, (? Sir John,) 180
Mason, Sir John, account of him, i, 117.
— Letter from him, i, 127
Mass-mongers, taken at the French and
Spanish ambassadors', i, 123, 128,
131 ; at the Portuguese ambassador's,
467 ; ii, 37 ; at the French ambassa-
dor's, 86
Massam, Alderman, ii, 204
Masters, Dr. ii, 70
Maurice, Count, ii, 278, 322, 325, 362,
365, 483
Mauvissiere, the French ambassador, i,
171, 172, 210, 503 ;ii, 16, 140, 230,235
Maximilian made King of the Romans,
i, 97 ; emperor, 176
Maxwell, i, 17
Maxwell, Lord, i, 342 ; ii, 66, 264, 284,
334
Maxwell, master of, i, 258, 269
May.— Ill May-day, ii, 308
Maynard, Sir Henry, account of him, ii,
448, — Letters from him, ii, 435, 448,
458,481,482
Mears, Count of, ii, 280
Medcalf, a Norfolk conspirator, i. 374
Medina Celi, Duke of, defeated by the
Turks, i, 29 ; his son taken prisoner by
them, 41
Medina Sidonia, Duke of, ii, 342, 381,
382,384,389
Meen, ii, 2
Mekerke, Mons. ii, 45
Mekins, Thomas, ii, 248
Melcbesio, Lazarus, ii, 409
Melleroy, Mons. ii, 47
Mellila in Arragon, a wonderful accident
there, i, 185
Melvil, Sir James, i, 2l6, n. 252, 412.—
Letter from him, i, 4219, 220 ; his life
saved, 499
Melvil, Robert, i, 216, , 216, 217
Melyn, Andrew, ii, 215, 216, 227
Men, Sir Robert, ii, 264
INDEX.
515
Mendoza, the Spanish ambassador, ii,
505, 511
Mendoza, Bernardino de, ii, 87, 175
Mennell, i, 335
Menteith, William, fifth Earl of, i, 16
Merche, Mr. i, 10
Mercolles, ii, 305
Meru, Mons. de, 185
Merude, Baron, ii, 58
Metcalf, Mr. i, SoS.—See Medcalf.
Mewtes, Sir Peter, i, 75, 78, 84
Mitchell, Capt. ii, 114
Middle-men in Ireland, their character,
i, 131
Middlemore, Mr. i, 122, 123,124, 282,
284, 286
Middleton, a Norfolk conspirator, i, 373
Middleton, John, ii, 248
Might, Mr. i, 112
Mildmav, Sir Anthony, ii, 474, 475, 476
Mildmay, Sir Walter, i, 490 ; ii, 43, 99,
214. — Letters from him, i, 506 ; ii,307
Mines in Ireland, i, 10
Minshew, Captain, ii, 492
MofFet, i,190
Molyneux, Mr. i, 123
Molyneux, Edward, letter from him, ii,
136
Mondragon, ii, 59
Molyns, ii, 65
Monson, Mr. 106
Montague, Anthony Browne, Viscount,
i, 38, 473
Montague, Justice, a saying of his, i, 40
Montalban, Duke of, i, 313
Montbeau, Mons. i, 512
Montgomery, Gabriel Count, i, 103.
104, 120, 450, 452, 502
Montgomery, Lord, i, 220
Montgomery, Capt. i, 490
Montgomery, Robert, i, 490
Monthaut, or Hill Hall, in Essex, 465
Montigny, Mons. de, ii, 59
Montjoy, James Blount, sixth Baron, ii,
286, 495
Montmorency, Marshal, ii, 109, 138
Montpeiisier, Duke of, i, 512 ; ii, 47,
181,347, 434
Montrose, William Graham, twentieth
Earl of, i, 34 ; ii, 82, 215, 217, 225,
264,
Moon, Mr. i, 369
Moor, the, the Queen's house, i, 144
Moorcroft, John,ii, 249
Moore, Thomas, ii, 248
More, George, ii, 102
More, Sir Thomas, ii, 162
More, William, of Loseley, i, 3, n. —
Letter to him, i, 3
Moreton, Mr. letter to him, ii, 136
Morette, Mons, de, i, 59
Morgan, Sir Thomas, ii, 388, 389, 391
Morgan, Sir William, ii, 87, 127, 136,
213
Morish, John, ii, 446
Morley, Lord, i, 373, 500, 501
Morley, Richard, i, 222, n.
Morton, James Douglas, fourth Earl of,
i, 17, 51, 76, 83, 187, 203, 227, 228,
230, 231, 232, 234, 236, 269, 278,
292, 300, 328, 329, 340, 342, 367, 376,
382, 384, 414 ; ii, 82, 83, 91. 96, 132,
134. — Letter from him, ii, 33
Morton, Archibald, Earl of,ii, 217, 220,
269, 270
Morton, Mr. i, 290, 301
Mosman, i, 482
Mothe, M. dela,i, .591,511
Mounslow, Nicholas, ii, 97
Mount, Christopher, i, 96
Mowgrave, Cotton, letter from him, ii, 293
Muflfett, Mr. i, 100
Murray, James Stuart, Earl of, ii, 114,
179,' 184, 193, 195,205. 206 ; he re-
turns to Scotland, 215, 216 ; Cecil's
opinion of him, 225, 227, 229; arrives
in Scotland, 230 ; taken to favour,
231, 232, 234, 236; he comes secretly
out of France, 255, 256, 261 ; arrives
in Scotland, 263, 264 ; his interview
with Mary, 266 ; regent, 268, 269 ;
gains the battle of Langsyde, 270 ;
sends Mary her apparel, 288 ; comes
to England to the commission for trial
of Mary's cause, 299 ; his murderer,
ii, 23.— Letters from him, i,297, 321
Mylles, Francis, letter from him, ii, 129
Mylles, Thomas, ii, 252, 261, 402, 403
Nallard,i, 373
Nantoillet. Mr. i, 172
Nash, Michael, ii, 63
Navarre, Anthony, King of, his death, i,
100, n., 104
Navarre, Queen of, 314 ; ii, 59; poison-
ed, ii, 311
Navarre, Henry King of, serves under
the admiral, i, 314 ; ii, 47 ; leads the
Protestants, 109, 134, 138, 139, 211,
2l5, 234 ; becomes heir apparent, 237,
336 ; heads the Protestants, 346, 347,
355, 384 ; ascends the throne as
Henry IV. 402, see France.
Navv, moral condition of the, ii, 1/8
L l2
516
Ni)i:x.
Nawler, i,378
Nele, ii, 248
Netberby, Lord of, ii, 432
NeiHKR LANDS,
King Pbilip prepares to quit tlie Ne-
therlands, i, 6, n.
Duchess of Parma regent, 1559 — 1568.
Elizabeth conoratulates her on her
accession, i, 9 ; the embargo on the
English trade, 154 ; their trade with
England, 175. 179, 186; Duke of
Alva leads an army to the Low
Countries, 261, 262
Duke of Alva regent, 1568—1573.
English volunteers go into the Low
Countries, 424, 424 ; religious
troubles, 426 ; policy of Spain to-
wards the Netherlands, 435 — 437
Don Lewis de Eequesens regent, 1573
— 1575. Conduct of the Advocate
Fiscal, ii, 3 ; the country more pa-
cified, 6
Don John of Avstria governor, ] 576 —
1578. Condition of the Netherlands
in 1576, ii, 45, 46 ; treacherous pro-
ceedings of Don John, 58 — 60 ;
battle of Gemblours, 76 ; battle of
Rimenant, 89 ; position of affairs,
90; death of Don John, 92
Duke of Parma governor, 1578 — 1592.
His appointment, ii, 92 ; the events
of the war, 114, 115; surprise of
Mechlin, 127, 128 ; Stenwick re-
lieved, 129; the Protestants elect
the Duke of Anjou governor, 137,
148 ; battle of Northorne, and siege
of Endouen, 156, 157 ; tumult with
the French at Antwerp, 181, 182;
Duke of Anjou in the Netherlands,
191 ; assassination of the Prince of
Orange, 193, 235; plan for a pa-
cification, 211 ; siegeof Ipres, 213 ;
Queen Elizabeth receives the Low
Countries under her protection, 260;
Sir Philip Sidney arrives at Flush-
ing, 270 ; the Earl of Leicester sent
to the Netherlands, 271—273 ;
Leicester's early proceedings, 277
— 281 ; he accept the government,
277 ; the Queen's anger, 282, 285
—288; she is appeased, 291, 295 ;
Leicester's proceedings, 300, 306,
314, 315; battle of Zutphen. 3l6—
318, 321; Leicester returns,322,323,
324, 325 ; behaviour of the King of
Denmark, 327, 328 ; Spanish ships
arrested by the English, 337, 338 ;
Leicester's second mission, 339;
proposals for peace, 341 ; loss of
Sluise, 343, 344 ; tumult at Flush-
ing, 348, 349 ; treaty for peace, 354 ;
dissensions between the two parties
in Holland, after Leicester's de-
parture, 362—365 ; the Duke of
Parma prepares to join the armada,
371 ; accusations against Lord Wil-
loughby, 399; surprise of Zutphen,
412, 413; death of the Duke of
Parma, 423
Archduke of Austria governor, 1593 to
1594. Differencesbetween theQueen
and the States about the payment of
their debts, ii, 441 ; CountMaurice
takes Berk, 483
Nevill, ii, 454
Nevil, Christopher, i, 332, 334
Nevill, Sir Henry, i. 393 ; ii, 495
Nevill, Sir John, i, 337
Nevil, Richard, i, 332
Newhaven occupied by the English, i,
94, 96, 99, 100, 105, 109, 117—119,
124, 125 ; visited by the plague, 135 ;
delivered by the English, 136, 139
Newsmongers of London in 1570, de-
scribed, i, 347, n.
Newspapers, their antiquity, i, 323, n.
Newton, Mr. ii, 402
Nouailles, Monsieur de,i, 55
Norfolk, Thomas Howard, Duke of, com-
mands the forces on the Scottish bor-
der, i, 26, 34 ; returns from Scotland,
42 ; unfriendly to the Earl of Leices-
ter, 209; approves of the marriage
with Austria, 225, 265 ; accused of
being a Papist, 265; proposes mar-
riage with Marv, 323 — 327; in the
tower, 372, 373," 374 ; his plot, 392.
394; his letter to his children, 402 ;
the Queen's reluctance to order his
execution, 416. — Letters from him, i,
265, 402.— Letter to him, i, 324
Norfolk, Duchess of, her burial, i, 165
Norfolk plot in 1570, i, 372—374
Norris, Sir JMward, ii, 270, 436. — Let-
ter from him, ii, 371
Norris, Sir Henry, account of him, i,
259, 386. — Letter from him, i, 259,
304
Norris, Sir John, ii, 136, 212, 322, 339,
341, 346, 378,400, 411, 429,444,449,
455,456,470, 471,472, 473, 483.—
Letters from him, ii, 180, 193, 208,
450
INDEX.
517
Norris, Thomas, ii, 126
Norris, Sir Thomas, ii. 449
North, Richard I-ord, sent on an embassy
to France, i, 512 ; in Holland, ii, 278,
336, 354. — Letter from him, ii, 393,
401.
North of England, condition of, i, 148,
149 J the rebellion of 1569, 331—348 ;
state of the country after the rebellion,
349; state of in 1573,489; in 1589
and 1590, ii, 403—405, 409
North-west passage, voyage in search of
the, ii,263
Northampton, Marquis of, i, 87
Northampton, Marchioness of, i, 50
Northumberland, Thomas Percy Earl of,
i,223 ; goes to meet the Queen of Scots
at Carlisle, 272—275 ; he and the
Earl of Westmoreland rebel, 331 —
348 ; taken by the Reg-ent of Scotland,
348 ; at Edinburgh, 350, 352 ; at
Lochleven, 381, 415; delivered to
the English and executed, 432 — i34;
ballad on his delivery, 432, n,
Northumberland, Countess of, i, 350 ;
account of her, 351, 352 ; at old Aber-
deen, 368 ; escapes to Flanders, 377,
378, 391. — Letter from her, i, 391
Northumberland, Henry Percy, Earl of,
ii, 48. — Letter from, ii, 48
Northumberland, Henry Percy, Earl of,
ii, 495
Norton, Francis, i, 332, 334
Norton, Richard, i, 332
Norton, Thomas, of Sharpenhoe, i, 346,
n. ; ii, 19; account of him, ii, 123 ;
death of his mother-in-law, 161, 162;
mentioned, 183, 187. — Letters from
him, ii, 123, 167
Noue, Monsieur de la, i, 502
Nowell,Mr.ii, 205, 425
Nowell, Alexander, dean of St. Paul's, i,
136, 166
Nudigate, John, ii, 68
Nugent, Sieve, i, 238
Nugent, William, ii, 236
Oatlands, the Queen's house, i, 144
O'Connor, ii, 1:^7
O'Connor Sligo,i, 213
Octavian,anItalian captain, bringsFrench
forces to Scotland, i, 25
O'Donnel, ii. 111, 438, 439
O'Donnell, Callagh, and his wife taken
by Shane O'Neil, i, 63, 79; his coun-
try ravaged, 237
O'Donnel, Hugh, joins with Shane
O'Neil, i, 101,102, 110
O'Donnell, Hugh Roe, ii, 466, 467, 468,
471
Offaly, invaded by rebels, i, 65
Ogibing, Captain, i, 490
Ogle, James, ii, 15
Ogleby, Lord, i, 368
O'Hanlon, i, 113, 240
Oisel, de, see D'Oisel
Oldenburgh, Count of, i, 125
O'Melaghlin, ii, 127
O'Mores, their rebellion, i, 167, 238
O'Neil, Maurice, 92
O'Neil, Shane, raises a rebellion in Ire-
land, i, 60, 61 ; how to reduce him,
78; he submits, 89; his appearance
before the Queen, 87 ; his depreda-
tions on Macguire, 89, 100 — 102 ; he
rebels anew, 93, 100, 110, 111; de-
feats Macconnel, 198 ; bis last rebel-
lion, 213; allies himself with Mac-
connell, 218 ; joins with Argyle, 221 ;
his boasts, 228 ; in rebellion, 237, 231,
243 ; his death, 244, n. 246
Orange, Prince of, heads the Protestants
in Holland, i, 426, 436 ; ii, 31, 69, 70
135. 139, 192, 193,212, 234
O'Reily invaded by Shane O'Neil, i, 60,
61, n., 89, 237
0'Reilies,the, Irish rebels, ii, 471
Ormiston, John Cockburn laird of, is
robbed by the Earl of Bothwell, i, 20,
n. ; receives money for the aid of the
Scottish Protestants, 21, 490
Ormond, Thomas Butler, Earl of, i, 86,
146, 147, 390, 454,481; ii, 26, 27,
35, 203
O'Rourk, i, 213
O'Kourke, ii, 467, 468
Orrell, Mr. ii, 236
Ortell, Mr. ii, 281, 354
Orwick, ii. 111
Osborn, a seminary priest, ii, 169, 170
Osborne, Mr. ii, 20
Osborne, Peter, ii, 162
Osorius, account of him and his book
against Elizabeth, i, 161
Owen, Mr. ii, 186, 246
Oxford, Edward de Vere, Earl of, i, .504,
507 ; ii, 101, 267, 414
Oxford, the infection at the jail delivery
there, ii, 61 — 63
Oxford, Mayor of, ceremony of his swear-
ing, ii, 241
Oxford preachers, their heterodox doc-
trine, ii, 292
518
INDEX.
Pacheco, Don John, i, 39
Paget, Lord, ii, "256
Paget, Charles, ii, 486
Pallcivicino, Horatio, ii, 5^82, 347
Pallison, Alderman, ii, 68
Papists, laws and penalties against, i,
126 ; they spread seditious books in
England, 224
Parais, Mr. ii, 483
Pare, Lewis de, ii, 280
Paris, provost of, i, 122, 132
Paris Garden, accident at, ii, 183, 184,
186
Parker, i, 373
Parker, Captain, ii, 318
Parkyns, D. ii, 447
Parliament, elections for the, i, 4 ; open-
ing of, 121 ; its proceedings, 123, 124 ;
Fletewood's account of the opening of
a new Parhament, ii, 243, 244
Parma, Margaret Duchess of, account of
her, i, 9, n. see Netherlands.
Parma, Duke of, governor of the Nether-
lands, ii, 92, 193, 209, 213, 266,
267, 277, 278, 279, 280, 300, 327, 341,
352, 354, 382, 383, 387, 389, 390; his
death, 423
Parry, William, letters from him, ii,
191, 201
Pasley, i, 483
Paulet, Sir Hugh, i, 105, 117
Paul's, St., Dean of, ii, 21, see Nowell.
Pegrillion,M. i, 103
Pelham, Sir William, ii, 120, 280, 322,
346
Pembroke, William Herbert, Earl of,
sick, i, 38, 40,69, 70; attends the
council, 87 ; marriage of his son, 130
Pembroke, Henry Herbert, Earl of, ii,
95. 103
Pembroke, Countess of, ii, 95
Pendred, ii, 73
Penn, Mrs.letters to her, ii, 414,415,416
Penne, Anthony, letter to him, i, 241
Percy, Sir Henry, account of hira, i,
350, 434, see Northumberland, Flenry,
Earl of. — Letters from him, i, 356.-—
Letters to him, 350, 354
Perne, i, 127, 136
Perrot, Sir John, i, 455, 456 ; ii. 482
Persia, English trade with, i,419
Peter, Mr. ii, 21
Petre, Sir William, account of hira, 30 ;
mentioned, 36, 109, 180
Petworth, buildings at, ii, 48
Philip, King, see Spain, Netherlands, &c.
— Letter to hira, i, 12
Pickering, Hester, ii, 19
Pickering, Sir William, ii, 19
Piers, Captain, ii, 111, 124, 127
Pilson, Roger, i, 415
Pinart, Monsieur, ii, 235
Pinoij, Prince of, ii, 157
Pipe, Mr. i, 467; ii, 21, 174
Pirates, English, troublesome,], 66, 168,
178 ; ii, 199, 396
Piscare, Marquis of, i, 3l6
Plague in England, i, 134, 138, 152, 166,
167 ; ii, 19, 67, 183, 187 ; in Ireland,
ii, 27
Players, Bishop Grindal's observa-
tions on them, i, 167 ; suppressed, ii,
229
Plessy, Monsieur de, ii, 109
Poinings, Sir Adrian, i, 94, 127, 133
Pointz, N. letter from him to Cecil, i,
170
Poissy, Sinod of, i, 79
Poland, the Uuke of Anjou elected King
of, i, 494 ; be is close watched, 500 ;
the Poles proceed to another election,
513 ; repent that of the Duke of Anjou,
5 14 ; the Polish ambassador's speech
to the Queen, and her answer, ii, 478
—480 ; his atFairs, 481
Polate, Captain, ii, 410
Pole, Thomas, ii, 67
Polwhele, ii, 206
Poole, Arthur, and his brother's plot,
103, 121, 129, 129
Pools, John, i, 472
Poor Laws, working of the new, ii, 406,
407
Poore, Sir Henry, ii, 491, 492
Pope, called Bishop of Rome by English,
i, 41 ; Pius IV. prosecutes the Col-
lonnas, ib. ; the Pope offers a reward
to any one who wouid murder Eliza-
beth, i, 126 ; death of Pius IV. 217;
the Pope's bull against Elizabeth, 379
Popham, Mr. ii, 126
Portinary, Mr. i, 105, 117
Portington, Mr. ii, 402
Portugal, the King of, killed in Africa, ii,
92 ; the new King, 95 ; the kingdom
seized by Spain, 116 — 118, see An-
tonio
Possession, a case of, i, 509
Post, tl)e first post established with Ire-
land, i, 64
Potter, John, ii, 267
Poulet, Sir Amias, account of hira, ii,
255, 307, 339,351.— Letters from him,
ii, 255
INDEX.
519
Poulter, John.ii, 249
Powder, a new mode to preserve, i, 1 1
Powell, David, letter from him, ii, 398
Powle, Mr. ii, 347
Pray, Richard, ii, 331
Pregles, Mr. i, 75
Prentices, London, their riotous beha-
viour, ii, 227, 231 ; conspiracy among
them, 308, 309
Prestall, i, 127. 378
Preston, ii, 215
Preston, Lord of, i, 270
Price, Mr. ii, 466
Prinne, Edward, letters from him, ii,
179, 350
Prior, Grand, of Scotland, i, 71, 76, 77,
80,84
Probert, Thomas, i, 441
Proby, Mr. ii, 458
Progresses oi' the Queen, see Elizabeth
Protestants, great conspiracy against
them, i, 219
Protestant religion proclaimed in Eng-
land, i, 5, n.
Protestant refugees, their behaviour in
England, ii, 9
Puckering, Mr. ii, 243, 244
Puckering, Sir John, letter to him, ii,
466
Pulison, Thomas, ii, 240
Puritans, their behaviour, i, 169, 476,
477; ii, 146,417
Pyckman, Capt. i, 435, 437
Quarle, ii, 478
Quintin, i, 135
Radford, Roger, ii, 249
Raleigh, Sir Walter, i, 372, n. ; ii, 89,
n. ; 121, 71.; account of him, 149, 414;
his want of diligence in letter-writ-
ing, ii, 477, 478. — Letters from him,
ii, 149, 290
Randan, Sieur de, i,53
Randall, Mr. ii, 19, 68
Randolph, Thomas, account of him, i,
16 ; expected at Berwick, 18 ; his
life attempted, 212 ; his embassy to
Moscovy, 313 ; sent to Scotland, 358 ;
Lethington's opinion of him, 364,
369, 457 ; in France, 495 ; in Scot-
land ii, 135, 141 ; returns from Scot-
laud, 293, 301 ; mentioned, 403. —
Letters from him, i, 71,75, 81, 106
113, 188, 189, 199, 216, 219, 226
358, 366, 368, 370, 376, 380, 413
415 ; ii, 305. — Letter to him, i, 61,
212, 313, 412, 427; ii,76, 129, 293
Ranzoveus, Henry, ii, 327
Rambouillet, Mons. i, 218, 220, 253
Ramsey, Capt. ii, 218
Ramsey, Sir Thomas, ii, 356
Ratcliffe, Egremont, i, 500, 504
Ratcliffe, Lady Frances, i, 80
Ratcliffe, Sir Henry, i, 345.— Letters
from him, i, 345, 348, 355 ; ii, 46 ;
see Sussex
Ratcliffe, Lady Mary, i, 80
Ratcliffe, Thos. ; see Sussex
Raylton, Mr. i, 12, l5, 20. -Letter to
him, i, 12
Raynolds, ii, 228
Raynsford, Roger, ii, 249
Read, Mr. i, 283, 290, 376
Reader, Mr. ii, 21
Reagh, Walter, ii, 452
Reau, Mons. du, ii, 215
Rede, James, ii, 224
Redman, i, 372
Reidswire, Raid of the, ii, 13 — 16, 22,
23,33
Religion, state of, i, 156, 157
Rampton, Edward, ii, 463
Renney, ii, 310
Requesens, Don Lewis Zuniga de, ii,
3
Requests, Master of the, ii, 246
Resinghen, Mons. de, ii, 45
Retz, Mareschal de, i, 494, 510, 511
Revell, Mr. John, i, 457, 458, 459
Rbinegrave, the, i, 8, 1J9, 131, 177,
179, 306
Rich, Robert Lord, ii, 154
Ridolphi, i, 398
Ridolphi, Piero, ii, 50, 51
Riots in London, ii, 184, 185 ; at Brain-
ford, 242
Riraenant, battle of, ii, 89
Rither, James, letters from him, ii, 376,
403, 407
Rivers, Sir John, ii, 18
Rizzio, David, in favour with Mary
Queen of Scots, i, 221 ; is murdered,
226—223 ; his riches, 233
Robert, the Lord, see Stuart
Robinson, i, 395; ii, 224
Robinson, Capt. i, 490
Robsart, Amy, wife of Lord Robert
Dudley, her death, i, 46 ; the legend
of her murder, ib. «. — Letter from
her, i, 48
Rochel, description of, i, 479
520
INDEX.
Rockingliam, forest of, i, 80
Roe, C. ii, 493
Rogers, ]):;niel, ii, 136. — Letters from
him, ii, 57, 116
Rogues and masterless-men, ii, 18, 164,
165,398,406
Rokeby, Anthonj', i, 344
Rolls, Master of the, ii, 18, 19, 20, 62,
67, 69, 164, 165, 186, 246
Romero, Julian, i, 389
Ross, Lord, i, 270
Rothes, Earl of, i, 206, 227, 231 •, ii,
219,223,^25
Rouen, besieged by the Catholics, i, 94,
93, 100; taken, 114, 115
Russel, Lord, slain on the Scottish bor-
der, ii, 334
Russell, Sir Francis, ii, 15
Russell, SirTtiomas, ii, 262
Russell, Sir William, ii, 348 ; account
of him, 347, 360, 388 — Letters from
him, ii, 347,362, 365
Russell, Lady, ii, 21
Russell, page of the chamber, i, 40
Russia, or Muscovy, English trade with,
i, 416 — 420; an embassy to, ii, 446,
447
Rutherforth, ii, 34
Rutland, Henry Manners, second Earl
of, his death, i, 144
Ruthven, Patrick, third Lord, i, 17,
192, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231,
234, 235, 236, 376
Rybault, M. i, 103
Rybault, John, his expedition to Flori-
da, i, 151, 153; delivered from re-
straint, 305
Rye, letter of the mayor and searcher
of, ii, 310
Sackfield, Mr. i, 177
Sackford, Mr. ii, 62, 184, 228, 246
Sackvile, Sir Richard, i, 143
Sadler, Sir Halph, account of, i, 18, 179,
180, 339, 393. — Letters from him, i,
16, 18, 20. — Letters to him, i,
392
Saintclere, Lord, ii, 225
Saire, John, i, 335
Salisbury, Mr. ii. 243
Salisbury, Robert, ii, 466
Salisbury, Thomas, ii, 306
Sampson, Dr. Thomas, i, 165
Sanders, Mr. i, 4
Santon, i, 170
Sarlabos, Sieur, i, 28
Sarleboy, i, 243, 463, 465, 466 ; ii, 17,
126
Saubianzy, ii, 175
Saunders, Mr. uncle to Sir Chr. Hatton,
ii, 99
Saunders, Nicholas, petition for his being
made a cardinal, i, 12 ; his book
against P21izabeth, 446 ; ii, 5 ; in re-
bellion in Ireland, ii. 111
Savage, Sir Arthur, ii, 484
Savage, Sir John, ii, 227
Savoy, the, a harbour for rogues, ii, 165,
166
Savoy, Duke of, defeated by the Turks,
i, 41 ; bis ambassador to England,
59 ; his marriage, ii, 213
Sawle, Capt. i, 119
Saxony, Duke of, ii, 278
Saxony, Duchess of, ii, 118
Sayger, William, ii, 248
Sayterre, George, ii, 249
Schomberg, i, 502
Scotland. — Mary of Guise Regent,
1555—1560. — Staff with the arms of
England sent from France, i, 12 ;
the Queen Regent deprived of au-
thority by the Protestant Lords,
13 ; the intrigues and designs of
the French, ib. n. ; labours of Knox,
14, 15; skirmishes between the
Protestants and the French party,
17 ; the Protestants require aid of
Elizabeth, 19; she aids them with
money, 20 ; necessity of the Pro-
testants, 21 ; the English forces are
sent to aid them, 22 ; n. ; the
French discover the secret aid
given them by Elizabeth, 23 ; Eliza-
beth's reluctance to interfere in
Scotland, 24 ; the English besiege
Leith, 27, 28; death of the Queen
Dowager, 28 •, Cecil negotiations,
30, 32, o6 ; effect of the news of the
Queen's death in France, 33 ; a
treaty concluded at Edinburgh,
38
Mary Stuart Queen, 1560 — 1568. —
Mary and the French King refuse
to ratify the treaty of Edinburgh,
51 — 56 ; she arrives in Scotland,
71 ; Mary's behaviour and reception
at her arrival, 72 — 74 ; her French
attendants return through England,
75 — 77 ; the Queen tolerates the
Protestants, 79 ; jealousies in the
court, 81 ; turbulence of the Scots,
INDEX.
5-21
82 ; a tumult at the Queen's mass,
83; another, 98; a plot, 105, 106 ;
neg-otiations with France, 107, 108,
113, 114; state of Scotland during
the question of Mary's marriage
with Leicester, 189 — 196 ; mar-
riage of the Queen with Darnley,
199 — 203 ; forebodings of the
people, 200, 201 ; behaviour of the
new King, 204, 205 ; increasing
mistrusts, 206; troubles, 208; the
banished Lords return, 215 ; mis-
likings between Marv and her hus-
band, 217; attempt to introduce the
mass, 220, 221 ; account of the
murder of Kizzio, 226 — 235 ; the
conspirators prosecuted, 236 ; the
Lords imprison the Queen in Loch-
leven, 250 — 266; the Earl of Mur-
ray comes secretly from France,
255 : the French King threatens to
interfere, 259 — 261 ; Mary attempts
to escape, "267 ; Mary's escape,
268 : preparation on both sides,
269 ; Murray Regent, 268 ; battle
of Langsyde, 270, 271, see Mary
James VI. King, 1568—1603 — In-
trigues of Mary's partizans, 292,
294 — 296, 314 ; jealousies between
Lethington and Grainge and the
Regent's party, 3^28, 329 ; the Re-
gent offers Elizabeth aid against
the northern rebels, 340, 344; di-
visions and jealousies in Scotland,
S59, 360, 36o; English forces sent
into Scotland, 363, 264; jealousies
in Scotland, 367—371, 376, 377,
382 — 384 ; the Regent Lennox
murdered, 393, 398; Earl ofMarr
made Regent, 398 ; Elizabeth pro-
poses an arrangement between the
parties, 413, 414; Edinburgh castle
held by Grainge and Lethington,
against the Regent, 430, 431 ; they
are promised aid from France, 454 ;
Elizabeth sends aid to the Regent,
459, 462 ; James Kirkaldy taken
on his return from France, 461;
Edinburgh castle besieged, 469 —
471; the castle taken, 480, 481,
484 ; pensions given by Elizabeth
to the Scottish nobles, 483 ; de-
scription of the young King, 498 ;
affairs of Scotland, ii, 65, 66, 77,
78 — 86; insurrection against the
Regent Morton, 91 ; ascendancy
of D'Aubigny, Earl of Lennox. 95 ;
continued discords, 97 ; D'Aubig-
ny made protector, 131, 132;
troubles of Scotland, 1583, 188 —
191, 195—199; Walsingham pre-
pares to go to Scotland, 253, 254 ;
Elizabeth's letter to the King, 254 ;
French intrigues, 210; seditious
preaching, 215, 216 ; proceedings
of the Lords, 217, 218 ; tumult at
Edinburgh, 219; French intrigues,
220, 221 ; the Lords seize Stirling,
222, 228 ; the King prepares
against them, 224 ; they retreat,
225, 226; French intrigues, 235 ;
a league with England, 252 ; the
King's inconstant behaviour, 259 —
262 ; the banished Lords besiege
and take Stirling, 264, 265, 269,
270; state of Scotland in 1586,
283, 284 ; good inclination of the
King, 301, 305 ; King James's con-
duct on the condemnation of his
mother, 326 ; threats of the Scots
after her execution, 334; ill incli-
nation of the King, 355 ; Scotland
quiet, 395 ; marriage of King James,
405 ; Bothwell's rebellion, 431 ;
Burghley's sneer at the King's
mercenary disposition, 442 ; the
King's progress towards Berwick,
443 ; Bothwell's intrigues, 447,
448 ; James becomes King of Eng-
land, 495
Scots, the, will climb no walls, i, 18 ;
their turbulent character, 82 ; their
character, i, 216 ; James Rither's
character of them, 376
Scott, Sir Walter, of Howperlay, i, 300
Scott, Sir Walter, his romance of Kenil-
worth, i, 48 ; the Abbot, 266
Scotts, of Buccleugh, noted thieves, i,
35
Scrope, Lord, i, 275; account of him,
276, 290, 292, 297. 353; ii, 196, 197,
368. — Letters from him, i, 276, 263,
269 ; ii, 373. — Letters to him, i, 413
Seaburo, ii, 33 5
Searle, ii, 160, an error of the press for
Curie
Seaton, Lord,i, 83, 220, 270, 341, 368,
377, 378; in Flanders, 387; returns
to Scotland 414, 415, 454, 470, 491
ii, 66, 188, 190, 217, 220, 221, 252
Seaton, Lady, i, 77
Seaton, Alexander, ii, 190
5-i2
IxNDEX.
Seaton, Sir John, ii, 140, 2^1
Secevalle, Monsieur, ii, 182
Sedburgh, in Yorkshire, ii, 404
Seditious papers distributed, ii, 462,
463, 464
Segur, Monsieur de, ii, 212
Selbie, George and William, ii, 432
Selby, John, ii, 13. — Letter from him,
ii, 15
Sellars, ii, 55
Semple, i, 2o7'
Semple, Lord, i, 231, 258, 269, 483,491
Sesford, i, 226, 268
Seymour, Lord Henry, ii, 379. — Letter
to him, ii, 379
Shaftoe, James, i, 354
Shaftoe, Matthew, letters from him, i,
354
Shaftoe, Robert, i, 350, 353
Shamount, Monsieur de, ii, 181
Sharerd, Barnard, ii, 170
Sheen, palace of, i, 142
Shelley, Sir Richard, i, 128; ii, 192
Shelton, Mr. ii, 267
Sheres, Mr. i, 159
Sherman, William, ii, 249
Ships, names of; the Hare, i, 117; the
Double Rose, 119, n. ; the Jonas and
Emmanuel, ii, 83; the Matthew, 84;
the Revenge, 121, 366; the Swift-
' sure, ib. ; the Tiger, ib. 337, 401 ; the
Aid, ib. ; the Arrac, ib. ; the Francis,
178; the F^dward, ife. ; the Elizabeth
Benaventure, 305, 357 ; the Black
Raven, 337 ; the Dragon, ib. ; the
White Bear, 358, 360 ; the Swallow,
401 ; the Raleigh, 420 ; the Foresight,
420, 421 ; the Roebuck, 420; the
Dainty, ib. ; the Garland, 422 ; the
Warspight, 480
Shirley, Sir Thomas, ii, 344
Shrewsbury, Francis Talbot, fifth Earl of,
bis death, i, 45
Shrewsbury, George, sixth Earl of, i,
130 ; account of him, 307 ; has the
custody of the Queen of Scots, 312;
dangerously ill, 320 ; he is evil re-
ported at court,346 ; a libel on him and
the Queen of Scots, ii, 241 ; mentioned,
ii, 200. — Letters from him, i, 394, 396,
401, 457 ; ii, 54. — Letters to him, ii,
5i, 92, 390
Shrewsbury, Elizabeth, Countess of, ac-
count of' her, i, 371. — Letters to her,
1, 371 ; ii, 54
Shute, William, ii, 335, 341
Sigonie, Monsieur, ii, 47
Simier, Monsieur, ii,2l3
Simpson, William, i , 124, 125
Sinclair, John, i, 392
Singleton, a Lancashire poet, i, 431, n.
Sir, meaning of the word when given to
a clergyman, i, 442, n.
Skarling, Lord, i, 292
Skeeres, Nicholas, ii, 249
Skeldon, i, 387
Skelton, i, 133
Skenk, Colonel, ii, 280
Skinner, Mr. ii, 416
Skipworth, Mr. i, 288
Slang, specimens of, ii, 251
Slany, Stephen, Lord Mayor of London,
letters from him, ii, 462, 464
Slingsby, Mr. i, 354
Sluise, taken by the Spaniards, ii, 343,
344
Smerwick, siege of, ii, 121, 122
Smith, ii,73, Mr. i, 44, 164, 184, 186,
450
Smith, Mr. of Cambridge, i, 164
Smith, Mr. Customer, ii, 20
Smith, Dr.i. 149
Smith, Captain, ii, 411
Smith, Justice, ii, 242
Smith, Atwell, ii, 432
Smith, George, Mayor of Exeter, ii,
329, 331
Smith, Gillian, i, 418
Smith, Hawtry, ii, 242
Smith, Humfrey, ii, 228
Smith, Richard, i, 474
Smith, Robert, of Colompton, ii, 331
Smith, Sir Thomas, account of him, i, 93 ;
recalled from France, 224, 235 ; his
colony of the Ardes, 463, 465, 466 ;
his last sickness and death, ii, 32. —
Letters by him, i, 444, 448, 451, 453,
459, 460, 461, 462, 464, 480, 491, 503 ;
ii,l, 29, 32,— Letters to him, i, 93,102,
103, 109, 116, 118, 120, 122, 124, 225,
130, 136, 137, 150, 153, 157, 158,
171,173,174,176, 178, 181,197,205,
207, 208, 224, 235, 392, 398, 500,
510.
Smith, Thomas, i, 421
Smith, William, i, 416
Snagge, Robert, ii, 20
Soissons, Count of, ii, 346
Somer, or Somers, Mr. i, 25, n. 118,
125, 1.50, 159,161, 171, 174, 440 ; ii,
93, 254
Somersham, i, 142
INDEX.
523
Somervile, Lord, ii, 225
Sonoy, Colonel, ii, 365
South, Mr. 11, 122
Southampton, Earl of, ii, 495
Southcot, Justice, ii, 18, 19, 21, 63, 67,
68, 88
Southvvick, Mr. ii, 174
Southwike, Richard, ii, 432
Spain,
Philip II. 1556— 1598.— Accession of
Elizabeth announced to him, i, 1, n. ;
his professions of friendship, 2, 6 ;
he prepares to quit the Netherlands,
ib.; he makes offers of marriage to
Elizabeth, 7 ; returns to Spain, 8 ;
violent proceedings of the Inquisi-
tion, 11, 12 ; the King is discovered
to be acting falsely towards Eng-
land, 23 ; the Spaniards defeated
by the Turks, 29 ; duplicity of the
Spaniards towards England, 35 ; the
English ambassador' s cook put in the
Inquisition, 56 ; the King prepares
to go into Flanders, 177 ; he raises
an army, 306 : he brings the soldiers
out of Italy, 3l9 ; Philip marries a
daughter of the Emperor, 374;
Stukeley's project against Ireland,
386—390; duplicity of the King of
Spain, 506 ; Philip unwilling to
quarrel with England, ii, 4 ; expe-
dition to Ireland, 105—108; the
Spaniards prepare against Portugal,
110 ; defeat of Don Antonio, and
conquest of Portugal, 116 — 118,
175 ; IJodenham's account of the
disposition and power of the Spanish
King, 175 — 177 , the King marries
again, 213 ; he fits out a great fleet,
214 ; Hawkins' proposal for annoy-
ing the Spaniards, 231 — 234; great
preparations against England, 275,
281; a Spanish fleet at sea, 311,
314 ; Spanish ships and goods seized
by the English ships, 337,338 ; con-
tinued preparations and threats of
the Spaniards, 341, 342, 351, 352,
353, see Armada ; Norris and
Drake's expedition to Portugal, 400 ;
a Spanish fleet sent towards the
Netherlands, 411 ; capture of the
great Spanish carrack, 418 — 423;
Drake and Hawkins' depredations
in the Spanish colonies, 445 ; new
preparations against England, 454 ;
an expedition prepared against
Spain, 457 ; its success, 461, 462,
463 ; the expedition of 1596, 475,
477, 480, 431 ; the Spaniards in-
vade Ireland, 490
Spencer, i, 127
Spencer, ii, 366
Spencer, Alderman, ii, 356
Spenser, the Poet, ii, 121, n.
Spinola, Benedict, i, 487 ; ii, 41, 42
Spirit, a familiar name given by Elizabeth
to Lord Burghley,ii, 201
Spooner, William, ii, 249
St. Aignon, Count, ii,182
St. Come, Lord, i, 78, 84, 85
St. John, Lord, i, 204
St. John of Jerusalem, Lord of, of Scot-
land, i, 50
St. John, Sir Oliver, ii, 491, 492
St. Leger, Sir Warham, account of hira,
i, 238 ; concerned in a plot, 472—474,
ii. 149
Stace, i, 465
Stafford, Sir Edward, ii, 150, 300, 310,
346, 347, 354, 355.— Letters to him,
ii, 150, 319, 394
Stafford, Lady, ii, 403. — Letter to her,
ii, 382
Stafford, Sir Robert, i, 355
Standlay, Thomas, ii, 338
Stanhope, Thomas, letter from him, i, 338,
Standen, Mr. i, 476
Stanley, Sir Edward, ii, 318
Stanley, Sir George, account of him, i,
60. — Letter from him, i, 60
Stanley, Patrick, i, 113
Stanley, Sir William, ii, 127 ; his bravery
before Zutphen, ii, 316 — 318. — Letter
from him, ii, 316
Stanyhurst, Mr. ii, 268
Stephens, Mr. ii, 267,268
Steward, Mr. ii, 367
Stewart, i, 270
Stint, Michael, i, 421
Stokes, Mr. ii, 274
Stone, Mr.ii, 164
Stonely, Mr.ii, 21
Story,"' Dr. i, 373, 374, 378
Strange, Mr. i, 157
Strange, Lord,- i^ 177
Strosse, Monsieur de, i, 306
Stuart, Colonel, ii, 190, 198, 219, 222,
225, 264, 269, 284, 442
Stuart, the Lord James, i, 76,77,80;
created Earl of Murray, 83, 84, 85
Stuart, Henry, ii, 222
Stuart, James, Captain of the Guard, i,
74
Stuart, John, ii, 222
5-21
IxNDEX.
Stuart, James, ii, 264
Stuart, LordHobert, bishop of Caithness,
i, 19-2, rSO. 246
Stuart, Kobert, slain in France, i, 314
Stuart, William, ii, 264; Sir William,
283
Siukeley, Mr. ii, 28
Stukeley, Thomas, a book dedicated to
him, i, 40, ?t ; account of him, 150;
he takes Ribauld and the French ship,
i6. 153,154 ; employed in Ireland, 246 ;
goes to Spain and plots against Eliza-
beth, 386 — 390 ; proposes to go to
Rome, 391, 472, 500, 501 ; at Rome,
ii, 24; in Italy, 49, 50; goes to Bar-
bary with King Sebastian, 84, 85 ; his
death, 85. — Letter from him, ii, 24. —
Letter to him, i, 391
Stute, Captain, ii, 471
Subsidy, meaning of the word, i, 124
Sussex, Lieutenants of, letter to them
ii, 358
Sussex, Thomas RatclifFe, Earl of, goes
to Ireland, i, 28 ; account of him, 60,n. ;
goes again to Ireland, 63, n,; he ob-
tains his recall from Ireland, 171 ; a
mourner for the emperor, 177 ; a com-
missioner to treat with Spaniards,
186, 187 ; his variance with the Earl
of Leicester, 208, 209 ; he is ill re-
ported at court, 346, 355 ; invades the
Scottish borders, 359, n. 363, 364 ; ii,
35 ; quarrels with the Earl of Lei-
cester, 144. — Letters from him, i,
326.— Letters to him, i, 28, 36, 37, 38,
42, 43, 60, 62, 65, 67, 70, 79, 86, 87,
88, 93, 100, 110, 112, 146, 167, 171,
212, 236, 242, 265, 320, 321, 331,
333, 345, 348, 353, 355, 356, 358,
365, 366, 368, 369, 370, 376, 389,
479, 494; ii, 46, 61
Sussex, Henry Ratcliffe, Earl of, ii, 293,
410.— Letters from him, ii, 293, 296,
298,311,337
Sutton, Mr. i, 462
Sutton, Oliver, i, 238
Swafhenburg, Count, ii, 6
Sweden, P>ic XIV., King of, proffers
marriage to Queen Elizabeth, and is
expected in London, i, 40; an early
book on Sweden, 40, «. ; the King ex-
pected in England, 79, 85
Sweeting, ii, 73
Swinburne, John, i, 336
Swyno, James, i, 350
Sydney, Sir Henry, account of him, i,
97; sent to France, 103; his return,
105 ; made knight of the garter, 17!2,
named to be sent to Germany, 176;
177 ; made Lord Deputy of Ireland,
198, 210, 225 ; holds a meting with
Shane O'Neil, 237, 243, 496; li, 194.
— Letter to him, i, 246
Sydney, Sir Philip, a marriage proposed
between him and Ann Cecil, i, 323 ;
sent to Germany and Poland, 5l3; his
quarrel with the Earl of Oxford ; ii,
100, 101; his poverty, 163, 164; his
marriage, 193, 194; he is sent gover-
nor to Flushing, 270, 285 ; mortally
wounded at Zutphen, 318 ; his death,
322 ; his debts, 324. — Letters from
him, i. 513 ; ii, 100, 157, 162, 163
Sydney, Sir Robert, ii, 401, 412; account
of him, 431, 432
Syson, John, ii, 249
Syson, Richard, ii, 249
TafFe, Lord, ii, 492
Talbot, Gilbert, i, 458
Tankerville, the taking of, i, 119
Tarlton,ii, 250, n.
Tartars, wars of the, i, 419
Tasse, Mr. ii, 20
Tate, Mr. ii, 99
Taylor, i, 344
Taylor, Thomas, ii, 136
Tempeste, i, 377
Tench, Oliver Oge, ii, 469
Terell, i, 238
Terra Nova, Prince of, i, 316
Teylle, Mr.i, 4, 5
Thames, the, frozen, i, 158
Thelwal, Simon, letter from him, ii, 495
Thieves and cut-purses in London, ii,
245—251
Thimbleby, Mr. ii, 19
Thomson, Mr. ii, 131
Thomworth, John, ii, 68
Thore, Mons.de, i, 511, 512
Thornton, i, 219, 220, 235
Thorold, Sir Anthony, letter from him,
ii, 406
Throgmorton, engaged in the Norfolk
plot, i, 372, 373, 374
Throgmorton, Kenelm, i, 137
Throgmorton, Sir Nicholas, account of
him, i, 32; employed in France, 116,
118. 120, 121, 124, 125, 131, 136,
138 ; quarrels with Sir Thomas *^mith,
155, 174; his return from France,
172, 173; named to go to Germany,
176, 177; his friendship with the
French ambassador, 174 ; sent to Scot-
INDEX.
525
lai)d, 197; in favour with the Earl of
Leicester, "209 ; his negotiations in
Scotland, 250 ; promoted, 33.5 ; pro-
posed to be of the privy council, 199.
— Letters from him, i, 32, 49, 58,
250, 252, 256, 262, 263
Ticher, ii, 207
Tipping, Mr. ii, 450
Tirrell, ii, 492, 493
Tirwitt, Mr ii, 170
Toledo, Antonio de, i, 47, 249
Toledo, Bishop of, i, 12, 47
Tomworth, Mr. i,206; his death, 315
TopclifF, Mr. ii, 169, 244
Touker, Francis, letter from him, ii, 206
Tower, Lieutenant of the, ii, 63, 67, 71,
88, 187,242
Townsend, Mr. ii,l 73
Tracey, Mr.ii, '267
Treasure Legends, i, 444 ; ii, 397
Trefrye, Mr. i, 465
Tremayne, Mr. i, 75, 463,480
Treshara, Mr. ii, 170, 187
Tresham, Francis, ii, 494
Trever, Ur. ii, 36
Trey bro wen, Lord of, i, 270
Trimbote, Mr. i, 420
Tripoli, Spanish expedition to, defeated,
i, 29
Trieston, ii, 249
Tuncker, Thomas, letter from him, ii,
351
Tunsan, Lord of, ii, 268
Twifelt, ii, 249
Turks, defeat the Spaniards in the Medi-
terranean, i, 29 ; they invade the
territory of Nice, 41 ; take Gerba from
the Spaniards, 47; they cruise on the
coast of Portugal, 241 : their wars
with the Italians, 316; they invade
Ciprus and Dalraatia, 375 ; make
peace with Poland, 513; death of the
Sultan, ii, 6 ; the Turks prepare to in-
vade Malta, 150 ; make a peace with
the Emperor, ii, 60 ; negociate with
England, 132 ; Elizabeth's treaty of
commerce with them, 446, n.
Turlett, Mr. ii, 331
Turner, Dr. Dean of Wells, i, 169
Turrayne, Viscount of, ii, 148
Tuscany, Grand Duke of,ii, 49
Tutbury Castle, description of, 312
Tutes, the, i, 244
Tyan, Mons. de, ii, 182
Tynes, Garret, ii, 124
Tyrone, Hugh O'Neil, Earl of, ii, 436,
444, 449, 472, 484
Tzarras,i, 424
Unsland, country of, i, 418
Unton, Sir Henry, account of him, ii.456
Valdez, Don Pedro de,380
Valence, John de Montluc, Bishop of,
ambassador in Scotland, i, 27, 43,53
Valetta, Signer de, i, 315
Valle, Mons.'de la, ii, 181
Vanbell, ii, 338
Vanghope, George, ii, 198
A^audemont, Duke of, ii, 5
Vaughan, Mr, i, 356
Vaux, Lord, ii, 169, 170, 187
Vaux, Lady, ii, 169
Vaux, Mons. de, i, 132
Vavasor, John, i, 273
Verac, Mons. i, 360, 468, 469
Vere, Sir Francis, ii, 412, 413
Vernon, Mr. i, 291
Ville, Mons. de, ii, 59
Villebonne, Mons. i, 119
Villemont, Mons. i, 106
Villeroy, Mons.de, i, 250, 251
Villiers, ii, 117, 278
Vincent, Mr. i ,33
Vitelli, Marquess of, i, 379
Vydam, Mr. i, 320
Vyneon, John, ii, 418
Wade, Mr. ii, 335
Wade, William, ii,2]5
VVakely, Mr. i, 60
Waker, Nicholas, ii, 249
Waldegrave, Edward, of Smallbridge, i,
69
Waldegrave, Thomas, letter from him,
i, 239
Walker, John, Leicester's chaplain, ii,
177. — Letter from him, 177
Walker, William, ii, 105
Waller, Sir Walter, ii, 51, 52, 53
WaUis, i, 357
Wallop, Sir Henry, ii, 125, 428.--Let-
ters from him, ii, 125, 289
Walmesly, ii, 241
Walshe, Mr. ii, 19
Walsingham, Sir Francis, account of
him, i, 385, 412, 449, 451 ; ii, 116.
137, 166, 209, 210, 211, 214, 260,
305.— Letters from him, i, 38.5, 386,
426, 505 ; 16, 27, 31, 76, 79, 93, 193,
526
INDEX.
200, 203, 235, 253, 319, 3'^3, 335,
338, 339, 340, 341, 346, 354, 384,
385, 387, 388. 394.— Letters to him,
i, 387, 498, 500, 510, 512 ; ii, 15, 65,
106, 161, 215, 218, 222, 225, 234,
237, 252, 263, 269. 283, 326, 333,
372. 380, 389
Ward, Capt. ii, 178
Ward, Thomas, ii, 330, 331.341
Warner, Sir Edward, i, 130. — Letter
from him, i, 139
Warwick, Ambrose Dudley, Earl of,
employed as governor of Newhaven, i,
95,96, 105, 116,117, 119; his return,
137; ii, 20, 95, 101, 103, 336,
403
Warwick, Countess of, i, 144
Waterfishe, Mr. ii, 173
Waterhouse, Sir Edward, ii, 25, 36. —
Letter from him, 43
Waterward, Richard, ii, 249
Watson, William, letter to,ii, 35]
Wattes, Mr. i, 167
Wattes, Archdeacon, i, 374
Watts, John, ii, 249
Waynman, ii. 454
Warburton,Mr.ii, 427
Wayneman, Thomas, ii, 63
Webly.ii, 246
Webster, Mr. ii, 367
Wendon, Dr. ii, 207
Wentw^orth, Lord, i, 133 ; ii, 69, 88
West, Mr. i, 290
Westminster, Dean of, ii, 8, 19, 21, 25,
88, 165,186
Westmoreland, Henry Nevill, Earl of,
i, 223
Westmoreland, Charles Nevill, Earl of,
i, 223 ; his rebellion,302; see Northum-
berland, Earl of ; he narrowly escapes
being taken, 352 ; goes to Flanders,
i, 368, 377, 392, 501
Westmoreland, Jane, Countess of, i,
358. — Letters from her, i, 358, 400
Wetherburn, Laird of, i, 233, 340
Wharton, Thomas Lord, i, 275
Whitaker, William, account of him, ii,
155
White, of Louvain, i, 37
White, of Waterford, i,2
White, Sir Nicholas, account of him, i,
307 ; his interview witl Mary Queen
of Scots, 308. — Letters from him, i,
107; ii, 25, 34. — Letters to him, i,
321,364,390
White Knight, i, 146
Whitehead, Mr. i, 166
Whitgift, Mr. ii, 25
Widdrington, Sir Henry, letters from
him, ii, 326
Wilbraham, Mr. ii, 495
Wilford, Mr. i, 290
Wilkes, Sir Thomas, ii, 244, 313, 313,
341, 435, 445.— Letter from him, ii,
327
Wilkinson, Mr. ii,36/
Williams, Mr. ii. 32
Williams, Sir Roger, ii, 136, 156.—
Letters from him, ii, 343, 410
Williams, Lady, of Thame, i, 47
Willoughby, Peregrine Berty Lord, ac-
count of him, ii, 274, 279, 321, 323,
399. — Letters from him, ii, 274, 363,
382
Wilson, i, 159, 210
Wilson, Robert, i, 421
Wilson, Stephen, i, 220, 470
Wilson, Dr. i, 392 ; account of him,
488 ;ii, 69. — Letters from him, i, 486,
487; ii, 3, 45, 85, 94, 105, 109.—
Letters to him, i, 392, 398 ; ii, 74,
116 ; Sir Thomas, ii, 425
Winchester, William Paulet, Marquess
of, i, 142 ; ii, 247.~Letters from him,
i, 142
Windsor, Edward Lord, account of him,
i, 315 ; his travels in Italy and Malta,
315— 320,— Letters from him, i, 315,
318
Windsor, Lord, ii, 291
Wingfield, Mrs. ii, 54
Wingfield, Jacques, i, 86
Wingfield, Capt. Richard, ii, 449
Wingfield Thomas, i, 496
Winter, Captain, ii, 401
Winter, Mr. George, ii, 231
Winter, John, ii, 360
Winter, Sir William, employed with the
fleet in Scotland, i, 34 ; sent to
Dieppe, 95 ; commands against the
Spanish Armada, ii, 379, 380
Wirtemburg, Duke of, his kindness to
the English refugees, i, 163
Wittenberg, Duke of, ii, 18
Wogan, John, i, 441
Wolley, J. Secretary of State, ii, 332,
347, 359, 378, 412, 425.— Letter from
him, ii, 332
Wolves in Ireland, i, 91, 92
Woodcock, Alderman, ii, .308
Woodcock, James, i, 416
Woodcock, Matthew, i, 418
INDEX.
5-27
Woodhara Walters, in Essex, i, 44;
Cecil's account of it, 66
Woodhouse, Sir William, i, 141
WoodrotiF, Sir Nicholas, ii, 173, 186
Woodstock, the Queen's bouse, i, 144
Woodward, Robert, ii, 207
Worcester, Henry Somerset, second Earl
of, i, 351 , 448, 449, 450, 452, 455, 465
Wotton, ii,245
Wotton, Mr. ii, 19, 319, 321.— Letter
from him, ii, 252
Wotton, John, ii, 68
Wotton, Dr. Nicholas (Dean of Canter-
bury) account of bini, i, 1 ; his mission
with Cecil to Scotland, 29 ; a commis-
sioner to treat with the Spaniards, 186.
— Letter from him, i, 1
Wotton, Mr. Thomas, ii, 20
Wright, a minister, ii, 154, 155
W^ right, John and Christopher, ii, 494
Wroth, Mr. ii, 292
Wroth, Sir Robert, letters from him, ii,
488, 489
Wroih, Sir Thomas, ii, 159, 160, 161
Yale, Dr. ii, 20
Yeamans, ii, 73
Yeastus, Mr. i, 418
Yester, Lord, i, 76
York, Rowland, ii, 132, 268
Youghil burnt, ii, 105
Younge, Mr.ii, 184, 228, 246, 292
Young, Peter, one of King James's
schoolmasters, i, 498
Zaudant, Monsieur de, i, 42
Zouche, Lord, bis death, i, 320
Zutphen, battle of, ii, 316 — 318; sur-
prised by Sir Francis Vere, 412
THE END.
LONDON:
PRINTED BY IBOTSON AND PALMER, SAVOY SI REKT.
New and Cheaper F.flition, with considerable Additions.
Now Publishifij^, in Six IMontlily Parts, price 7s. 6d. each. Part II. being now ready,
MEMOIRS OF THE BEAUTIES OF THE
COURT OF CHARLES II.
Willi an Introductory View of the State of Female Society, and its influence,
during that remarkable Reign.
By Mrs. JAMESON, Authoress of "Characteristics of Women," &c.
Comprising a Series of Twenty-one splendid FouTRAirs, illustrating the Diaries
of Pepys, Evelyn, Clarendon, and other contemporary writers of that gay and
interesting period. Engraved by the most distinguished Artists, from Drawings
made by order of her late R,oyal Highness the Princess Charlotte.
The following is a brief descriptive list of the Portraits comprised in this Work,
which supjilies what has long been a desideratum in the Fine Arts, and forms a
desirable Companion to " Lodge's Portraits.''
Catherine of Braganza, the uunappy and
slighted wife of Charles.
Lady Castlemaine, afterwards Duchess of
Cleveland, the haughty enslaver of the
Monarch.
La Bellk Hamilton, Countess rte Gram-
nioiit, one of the ancestors of the Jerninghain
laniiiy.
The gentle and blameless Countess of Ossor y,
interestine: from her beauty, her tenderness,
and licr feminine virtues.
Nell Gwynne, merry an<i ooen-hearted, who,
%\ith all her faults, wan at least exempt from
the courtly vice of hypocrisy.
The be;HUifnl and wealthy Duchess pF So-
merset, the wife of three successive hus-
bands, one of whom encountered a tragical
fate.
The noted Frances Stf.wart, Duchess of
Richmond, whose mairiage was the imme-
diate cause of Lord Clarendon's disgrace.
M!Sb Lawson, mild and gentle, yet opposing
the fortitude of virtue to the perils of a li-
centious Court.
The Countess of Chfsterfield, one of the
fair principals of De Grammont's celebrated
story of the " has verts."
The Countess of South ksk, whose faults,
follies, and miseries constitute a tale well
fitted to "point a moral."
The interesting and exemplary Countess op
Rochester.
The beauteous and arrogant Lady Den ham,
interesting from the poetical fame of her
husband, and her own tragical fate.
The magnificent Lady- Bellasys, lenowned
for her beauty, w it, and spirit.
Mks. Nott, fair, sentimental, and Madonna-
like.
Anne Digby, Countess of Sutherland, beau-
tiful and blameless, the friend of the angelic
Lady Russell, and oftiie excellent Evelyn.
The fair coquette, Mrs. Middleton.
Miss Bagot, the irreproachable wife of two
libertine Lords.
The fair, the elegant, and fascinating Miss
Jennings, " who robbed the men of their
hearts, the women of their lovers, and never
lost herself."
The Duchess of Portsmcuih, one of the
most absolute of Royal Favouril;s,
The Countess of Northumberland, dis-
tinguished for her uncommon grace and
beauty, and the blameless tenor of her life.
And the Duchess of Devonshire, fair,
kind, and true, and v.ed;ied to a nobleman
who, to the valour and bearing of a Paladin
of old Romance, added the spirit v.f an an-
cient Roman.
HENRY COLBURN, PUBLISHER, 13, GREAT MARLBOROUGH
STREET, LONDON.
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